URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r Pages Example: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=3&pagesize=15

Set up

library(XML)
library(xml2)
library(httr)
library(RCurl)
library(knitr)
SO_url = 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r'
base_url = 'https://stackoverflow.com'

TASKS:

For Each Question:

1 The number of views of the question + search page

1 The number of votes + search page

1 Text of the question –> Title? + question page

1 Tags of question + search page

1 When the question was posted + search page

1 The user/display name of the poster + search page

1 Their reputation + search page

1 How many Gold/Silver/Bronze badges they have + question page

1 Who edited the question, when? + question page

For Each Answer:

1 The text + question page

1 The poster + question page

1 When they posted + question page

1 Their Reputation + question page

1 Their badge info + question page

For ALL Comment:

1 The Text + Sub-comments page

1 Who commented + Sub-comments page

1 When they posted + Sub-comments page

Functions

Read URL

#read any html page
rhtml <- function(url){
  Agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36"
  z = GET(url, user_agent(Agent))#, verbose(info = FALSE))
  return(htmlParse(z))
}

Get the unique ID of each question

#Get Question post ID from the search page
get_question_id <- function(doc){
  q_id = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]/@data-post-id")
  q_id = lapply(q_id, as.numeric)
  return(q_id)
}
# i = get_question_id(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9812&pagesize=50'))
# unique(lapply(i, typeof))
# unique(lapply(i, class))
# length(i)
# i

Get the total number of views

#Get the number of views per question from the search page
get_views <- function(doc){
  view_count = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]/div/div[contains(@title, 'views')]/span[not(contains(., 'views'))]/text()")
  view_count = lapply(view_count, function(x) as.character(xmlValue(x)))
  return(view_count)
}
# e = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9812&pagesize=50"
# v = get_views(rhtml(e))
# unique(lapply(v, typeof))
# unique(lapply(v, class))
# v

Get the total number of votes

#Get number of votes per question from the search page
get_votes <- function(doc){
  votes_count = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]/div/div[contains(@title, 'Score of')]/span[not(contains(., 'vote'))]/text()")
  return(xmlValue(votes_count))
}
# v = get_votes(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9812&pagesize=50'))
# unique(lapply(v, typeof))
# unique(lapply(v, class))
# v

Get the text body

#Get the post body text from a question, from a question page
get_body <-function(doc){
  body = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@class, 'postcell post-layout--right')]/div[contains(@class, 's-prose ')]")
  return(xmlValue(body))
}
#get_body(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76346497/error-penman-monteith-fao56-reference-crop-et'))

Get the tags

#Get the tags per post from the search page
get_tags <- function(doc){
  t_str = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]/div/div/div[contains(@class, 'js-tags')]/@class")
  #Not the cleanest way to extrac the tags, but it seems to work
  #[5] collapse string-lists together
  tags = sapply(t_str, function(x) regmatches(x, gregexpr('(?<= t-)[^ ]+', x, perl = TRUE)))
  tags = lapply(tags, function(x) paste(x, collapse = ','))
  tags = lapply(tags, as.character)
  
  return(as.character(tags))
}

# t = get_tags(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9812&pagesize=50'))
# length(t)
# unique(lapply(t, typeof))
# unique(lapply(t, class))
# t

When were the questions posted?

#Get the post time per question from the search page
get_Qtime <- function(doc){
  #time = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]/div/div/div/time/span/@title")
  time = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//div/time/span[@class = 'relativetime']/@title | //div[contains(@title, 'community owned ')]/text()[1]")
  
  #debug for when last page is empty - avoids crash
  if (length(time) == 0){return()}
  
  #debug for when the last page has strange info = a community post
  for (i in 1:length(time)){
  if (typeof(time[[i]]) == "externalptr"){
      time[[i]] = "2009-11-08 07:33:00Z"
    } else {
      time[[i]] = as.character(time[[i]])
    }}
  
  return(paste(time))
}

# t = get_Qtime(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9813&pagesize=50'))
# unique(lapply(t, typeof))
# unique(lapply(t, class))
# print(t)
# length(t)

Get Username & Id

#Get the question poster username from the search page
get_Qusername <- function(doc){
  username = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//div[contains(@class, 's-user-card--link')]/a/text()")
  username = xmlValue(username)
  
  #Some usernames aren't links anymore, so we get a 2nd set to compare
  usernames_v2 = list()
  deadusername = xmlValue(getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//div[contains(@class, 's-user-card--link')]/text()"))
  for (i in 1:length(deadusername)){
    if (nchar(trimws(deadusername[[i]])) > 0){
    usernames_v2 = append(usernames_v2, trimws(deadusername[[i]]))}
  }
  
  return(as.character(append(username, usernames_v2)))
}

#Get the question ID per post from the search page
get_Qid <- function(doc){
  #includes an option to get community posts
  id = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//a/@data-user-id | //div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//span/@data-user-id | //div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//div[contains(@title, 'community owned')]/text()[1]")
  
  #handles when there are "Community Wiki Posts"
  for (i in 1:length(id)){
  if (typeof(id[[i]]) == "externalptr"){
      id[[i]] = "0"
    } else {
      id[[i]] = as.character(id[[i]])
    }}
  
  return(as.numeric(id))
}

# u = get_Qusername(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9812&pagesize=50'))
# print(unique(lapply(u, typeof)))
# unique(lapply(u, class))
# print(length(u))
# print(u)
# 
# u = get_Qid(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9812&pagesize=50'))
# print(unique(lapply(u, typeof)))
# unique(lapply(u, class))
# print(length(u))
# print(u)

Get reputation

#Get the reputation per question from the search page
get_reputation <- function(doc){
  n_users = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//div[@class = 's-user-card--info']//li/span/@title | //div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]//div[@class = 's-user-card--info' and count(./ul) = 0]/text()[1]")
  
  #Turns all nodes that don't have a reputation score blank OR gets Rep Score
  for (i in 1:length(n_users)){
    if (typeof(n_users[[i]]) == "externalptr"){
      n_users[[i]] = trimws(xmlValue(n_users[[i]]))
    } else {
      n_users[[i]] = gsub('reputation score ', '', as.character(n_users[[i]]))
    }
  }
  
  #Finds rep a 2nd more reliable way to replace any missing from n_user rep
  old_rep = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]/div/div/div/div/ul/li/span/text()")

  if (length(n_users) != length(old_rep)){warning(paste('Reputation scores do not match! Nrep:', length(n_users), 'OldRep:', length(old_rep)))}
  
  #replaces any missing rep scores with the rep found via old_rep
  for (i in 1:length(old_rep)){
    if (nchar(n_users[[i]]) == 0){n_users[[i]] = xmlValue(old_rep[[i]])}
  }
  
  n_users = lapply(n_users, function(x) if (nchar(x) == 0){x = 0} else {x=x})
  
  return(as.character(n_users))
}
# r = get_reputation(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9813&pagesize=50'))
# print(unique(lapply(r, typeof)))
# unique(lapply(t, class))
# print(length(r))
# r

Get badges

#Gets badges per user from the question page
get_badges_author <- function(doc){
  #bdg = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'post-signature owner flex--item']")
  b_bdg = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'post-signature owner flex--item']/div[contains(@class, 'user-info')]//div[contains(@itemprop, 'author')]//span[@class = 'badge3']/ancestor::span[contains(@title, 'badges')]/span[@class = 'badgecount']/text()")
  
  s_bdg = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'post-signature owner flex--item']/div[contains(@class, 'user-info')]//div[contains(@itemprop, 'author')]//span[@class = 'badge2']/ancestor::span[contains(@title, 'badges')]/span[@class = 'badgecount']/text()")
  
  g_bdg = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'post-signature owner flex--item']/div[contains(@class, 'user-info')]//div[contains(@itemprop, 'author')]//span[@class = 'badge1']/ancestor::span[contains(@title, 'badges')]/span[@class = 'badgecount']/text()")
  
  #If a user doesnt have a specific type of badge they get 0
  if (length(b_bdg) < 1){b_bdg = 0} else (b_bdg = xmlValue(b_bdg))
  if (length(s_bdg) < 1){s_bdg = 0} else (s_bdg = xmlValue(s_bdg))
  if (length(g_bdg) < 1){g_bdg = 0} else (g_bdg = xmlValue(g_bdg))
  return(c(b_bdg, s_bdg, g_bdg))
}
#get_badges_author(q_doc)

Finding who edited the question & when

#Gets the time and editors of a post from a question page
get_edits <- function(doc){
  edit_time = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'user-action-time']/a[contains(@title, 'show all edits to this post')]/span/@title")
  #print(edit_time)
  
  #Is there an edit? 
  if (length(edit_time) > 0){
    #Is the editor the original author?
    author = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'post-signature flex--item']//div[@itemprop = 'author']")
    #If the author edited this:
    if (length(author) > 0){ 
      #the original author
      editor = xmlValue(getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'post-signature owner flex--item']//div[@class = 'user-details']/a/text()"))
    } else {
      #There is another user as our editor, AKA not the author
      editor = xmlValue(getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'post-signature flex--item']//div[@class = 'user-details']/a/text()"))
    }
  } else {
    editor = NA
    edit_time = NA
  }
  
  return(list(editor, paste(edit_time)))
}
#get_edits(q_doc)

Question Page Reading

#Reads a given question URL
question_read <- function(url, qst_df, i){
  Sys.sleep(1) # Ensures we don't query SO too quickly
  qdoc = rhtml(url)
  
  #pastes the URL for debugging purposes
  print(paste('Current URL:', url))
  
  #Extract data from the question page
  body = get_body(qdoc)
  auth_badges = get_badges_author(qdoc)
  edit_gen_info = get_edits(qdoc) 
  editor = edit_gen_info[[1]]
  edit_time = paste(edit_gen_info[[2]], collapse =', ')
  
  #print(c(length(body),))
  
  #Insert the data into the empty data frame
  qst_df$body[i] = body
  qst_df$badgeGold[i] = auth_badges[[3]]
  qst_df$badgeSilver[i] = auth_badges[[2]]
  qst_df$badgeBronze[i] = auth_badges[[1]]
  qst_df$Editor[i] = editor
  qst_df$EditTime[i] = edit_time
  
  #print(qst_df)
 
  return(list(qst_df, qdoc))
}

#question_read('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9810&pagesize=50', 1, 1)

Read the answers from each page

Minor Issue: There are two values for the Reputation, one is abbreviated once it is above like 4 characters long so we have to extract the reputation from a @title value instead. However when the Reputation is like 4 characters or less that @title value is no longe present so we have to get the normal value.

#Reads a question page and returns it 
answer_read <- function(doc, i){
    #saves the link for debugging purposes
    why <<- getNodeSet(doc, "//head/link[@rel = 'canonical']/@href")
    #print(why)
    
    # --- The text ---
    a_text = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@itemprop = 'text']")
    a_text = lapply(a_text, function(x) as.character(xmlValue(x)))
    #print(paste('Text Length :', length(a_text)))
    
    
    # ---The poster ---
    a_poster = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/a/text() |//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details']/span[@class = 'community-wiki']/text()")
    a_poster = lapply(a_poster, function(x) trimws(xmlValue(x)))
    
    #Certain users arent in the SO database so we handle them here
    a_dead_poster = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/text()[1]")
    a_dead_poster = lapply(a_dead_poster, function(x) trimws(xmlValue(x)))
    #replace any missing values with the dead author
    
    if (length(a_dead_poster) < 1){a_dead_poster = c('')} #avoids crashing the loop when there are 0 answers
    for (i in 1:length(a_dead_poster)){
      if (nchar(a_dead_poster[[i]]) > 0){
        a_poster = append(a_poster, a_dead_poster[[i]], after = (i - 1))
      }}
    
    
    # --- When they posted ---
    a_time = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-action-time']/span/@title")
    a_time = lapply(a_time, as.character)
    #Deals with community wiki posts
    community_time = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details']/span[@class = 'community-wiki']/@title")
    community_time = lapply(community_time, function(x) gsub('(This post is community owned as of )?(. Votes do not generate reputation, and it can be edited by users with 100 rep)?', '', as.character(x)))
    community_time = lapply(community_time, function(x) gsub('at', '', x))
    
    c = 1
    if (length(community_time) > 0){for (i in 1:length(a_poster)){
      if (a_poster[[i]] == 'community wiki'){
        a_time = append(a_time, community_time[[1]], after = (i - 1))
        c = c + 1
      }
    }}
    
    
    # --- Their Reputation ---
    #Version One
    a_rep = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/div[@class = '-flair']/span[@class = 'reputation-score']/@title | //div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details']/span[@class = 'community-wiki']/text()")
    for (i in 1:length(a_rep)){
      if (typeof(a_rep[[i]]) == 'externalptr'){
        a_rep[[i]] = 'reputation score 0'}
      }
    #Reputation score is saved in a string for some reason so we pull out the number
    a_rep = lapply(a_rep, function(x) as.numeric(gsub('(reputation score )?,?', '', x)))
    
    #Version Two, as per same situation as get_rep()
    a_rep2 = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/div[@class = '-flair']/span[@class = 'reputation-score']/text()  | //div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details']/span[@class = 'community-wiki']/text()")
    # print(paste('REP 2:', a_rep2)
    a_rep2 = lapply(a_rep2, function(x) gsub('(reputation score )?,?', '', xmlValue(x))) 
    # print(a_rep2)
    #if there is no value from Version 1, then we use the Version 2 value instead
    if (length(a_text) > 0){
    for (i in 1:length(a_rep)){if (is.na(a_rep[[i]]) == TRUE){
      a_rep[[i]] = a_rep2[[i]]}}}
    
    #Handles dead users Reputation
    a_dead_rep = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/text()[1]")
    a_dead_rep = lapply(a_dead_rep, function(x) trimws(xmlValue(x)))
    if (length(a_dead_rep) < 1){a_dead_rep = c('')} #avoids crashing the loop when there are 0 answers
    for (i in 1:length(a_dead_rep)){
      if (nchar(a_dead_rep[[i]]) > 0){
        a_rep= append(a_rep, 0, after = (i - 1))
      }}
    

    # --- Their badge info ---
    
    #bronze badges
    a_bronze = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/div[@class = '-flair']/span[contains(@title, 'bronze badges')]/@title")
    a_bronze = lapply(a_bronze, function(x) as.numeric(gsub(' bronze badges', '', x)))
    if (length(a_bronze) < length(a_poster)){
      a_bronze = append(a_bronze, rep(0, length(a_poster) - length(a_bronze)))}
    
    #silver badges 
    a_silver = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/div[@class = '-flair']/span[contains(@title, 'silver badges')]/@title")
    a_silver = lapply(a_silver, function(x) as.numeric(gsub(' silver badges', '', x)))
    if (length(a_silver) < length(a_poster)){
      a_silver = append(a_silver, rep(0, length(a_poster) - length(a_silver)))}
    
    #gold badges
    a_gold = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'answers']/div[contains(@class, 'js-answer')]//div[@class = 'user-details' and @itemprop = 'author']/div[@class = '-flair']/span[contains(@title, 'gold badges')]/@title")
    a_gold = lapply(a_gold, function(x) as.numeric(gsub(' gold badges', '', x)))
    if (length(a_gold) < length(a_poster)){
      a_gold = append(a_gold, rep(0, length(a_poster) - length(a_gold)))}
    
    
    # --- question id ---
    #for reference's sake we get the question ID to link them
    a_id = rep(as.numeric(getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@class = 'question js-question']/@data-questionid")), length(a_poster))
    
    #debug statement
    # print(c('AiD', length(a_id), 'text', length(a_text), 'poster', length(a_poster), 'time', length(a_time), 'rep', length(a_rep), 'brnz',  length(a_bronze), 'slvr', length(a_silver), 'Gold', length(a_gold)))
    #print(a_poster)
    
    if (!(0 %in% c(length(a_id), length(a_text), length(a_poster), length(a_time), length(a_rep), length(a_bronze), length(a_silver), length(a_gold)))){
    a_df = data.frame(a_id, unlist(a_text), unlist(a_poster), unlist(a_time), unlist(a_rep), unlist(a_bronze), unlist(a_silver), unlist(a_gold))
    colnames(a_df) = c('ParentId', 'body', 'author', 'PostTime', 'Reputation', 'BronzeMedals', 'SilverMedals', 'GoldMedals')
      return(a_df)
    } else {return(FALSE)}
}
# a = answer_read(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2564258/plot-two-graphs-in-a-same-plot'),1)
# lapply(a, length)
# print(a)
# as.data.frame(a)

Read Comments

comment_preprocess <- function(qdoc){
  #Gather all question+answer IDs into a singular list, allowing us to get all comments - even the hidden ones!
  q_id = as.numeric(getNodeSet(qdoc, "//div/@data-questionid"))
  a_ids = lapply(getNodeSet(qdoc, "//div/@data-answerid"), as.numeric)
  comment_ids = append(q_id, a_ids)
  
  comment_data = list()
  for (i in 1:length(comment_ids)){
    Sys.sleep(1)
    comment_url = paste('https://stackoverflow.com/posts/', comment_ids[[i]], '/comments', sep='')
    
    #[7] Exception handling when there are no comments
    comment_data[[i]] = tryCatch({
        comment_read(rhtml(comment_url), q_id, comment_ids[[i]])
      }, error = function(e){})
    }
  
  return(do.call("rbind", comment_data))
}

#Actually read the comment
comment_read <- function(doc, q_id, parent_id){
  # Text
  c_text = xmlValue(getNodeSet(doc, "//li[contains(@class, 'comment js-comment')]//span[@class='comment-copy']"))
  
  # Comment User
  c_user = xmlValue(getNodeSet(doc, "//a[contains(@class, 'comment-user')]/text()"))
  
  # Time
  c_time = getNodeSet(doc, "//li[contains(@class, 'comment js-comment')]//span[@class = 'comment-date']//span/@title")
  c_time = lapply(c_time, function(x) substr(as.character(x), 0, 20))
  
  c_df = data.frame(list(list(rep(q_id, length(c_user))), list(rep(parent_id, length(c_user))), c_user, unlist(c_time), c_text))
  colnames(c_df) <- c('QuestionId', 'ParentId', 'UserId', 'CommentTime', 'body')
  return(c_df)
}
#c = rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2851327/combine-a-list-of-data-frames-into-one-data-frame-by-row')
#comment_preprocess(c)

# c = rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/posts/2851327/comments')
# print(c)
# comment_read(c, 20, 22)

Get next page functions

#Gets the URL for the next page
get_next_page <- function(doc){
  return(as.character(getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'mainbar']//a[@rel ='next']/@href")))
}

#Gets the URL for the "Last" page
get_last_page <- function(doc){
  #Adding extra loop to deal with the 'Last Page Mirage'
  last_pg = as.character(getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'mainbar']//a[@rel = 'next']/preceding-sibling::a[1]/@href"))
  #print(last_pg)
  
  #return('/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9800&pagesize=50')
  
  #If the last page is empty and has no value, retreat to a known page that works.
  #This might not be exactly the last page, but since the "last page" is broken 
  #I chose a number that is stable
  if (length(last_pg) < 1){
    print('Last page given broken! Retreating to stable backup at page 9800')
    return('/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9800&pagesize=50')
  }
  
  #Here we attempt to "retreat" and lower the page number to find a stable page
  #only works if there are page buttons
  mirage = TRUE
  #try to query that page, see how many post ids there are
  while (mirage == TRUE){
    #print(last_pg)
    Sys.sleep(1)
    mdoc = get_question_id(rhtml(paste(base_url, paste(last_pg), sep='')))
    if (length(mdoc) > 1){
      return(last_pg)
      mirage = FALSE
    } else {
      print('Mirage detected! Retreating!')
        last_page = paste(base_url, paste(as.character(getNodeSet(doc, "//div[@id = 'mainbar']//a[@rel ='prev']/@href"))), sep='')
      }
  } 
    
  return(last_pg)
}

get_last_page(rhtml('https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9820&pagesize=50'))
## [1] "Last page given broken! Retreating to stable backup at page 9800"
## [1] "/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9800&pagesize=50"

Read Generic Search Page

#Gathers all the information for a given page
search_read <- function(url, n_depth){
    doc = rhtml(url)
    #return(doc)
    
    #Get all URLs on the page
    #[2] Searching for specific values
    #[3] How to use 'AND contains'
    qlinks = getNodeSet(doc, "//div[contains(@id, 'question-summary')]/div/h3/a/@href")
    
    #Gathers the data from the search page
    #[4] Coercing xml values into lists
    id = get_question_id(doc)
    views = get_views(doc)
    votes = get_votes(doc)
    body_txt = get_body(doc)
    tags = get_tags(doc)
    question_times = get_Qtime(doc)
    Qusers = get_Qusername(doc)
    Qids = get_Qid(doc)
    reps = get_reputation(doc)
    
    # print(paste('ID', unique(lapply(id, class))))
    # print(paste('Views', unique(lapply(views, typeof))))
    # print(paste('votes', unique(lapply(id, typeof))))
    # print(paste('question_times', unique(lapply(tags, typeof))))
    # print(paste('Users', unique(lapply(Qusers, typeof))))
    # print(paste('Qids', unique(lapply(Qids, typeof))))
    # print(paste('Rep', unique(lapply(reps, typeof))))
    # 
    # print(c('id', length(id), 'view', length(views), 'votes', length(votes), 'tags', length(tags), 'qtime', length(question_times), 'qusers', length(Qusers), 'qIDs', length(Qids), 'rep', length(reps)))
    
    #print(reps)
    
    q_df_inc = data.frame(unlist(id), unlist(views), unlist(votes), unlist(tags), question_times, Qusers, Qids, reps, list(rep('', length(id))), list(rep('', length(id))),list(rep('', length(id))), list(rep('', length(id))), list(rep('', length(id))), list(rep('', length(id))))
    
    colnames(q_df_inc) <- c('id', 'views', 'votes', 'tags', 'question-time', 'OwnerUsername', 'ownerId', 'reputation', 'body', 'badgeGold', 'badgeSilver', 'badgeBronze', 'Editor', 'EditTime')
    #print(q_df_inc)

    #Queries each Question, updates the data frame with the missing infor about the poste
    #Then returns the HTML of that page so we don't have to query it again - not the cleanest solution
    q_html_objs = list()
    for (i in 1:length(qlinks)){
    q_query = question_read(paste(base_url, paste(qlinks[[i]]), sep=''),
                  q_df_inc,
                  i)
    q_df_inc = q_query[[1]]
    q_html_objs[[i]] = q_query[[2]]
    }
    #print(q_df_inc)
    
    # --- Answers ---
    j = 1
    ans_df_list = list()
    #Takes each Question Page HTML obj and parses through to get the answer 
    for (i in 1:length(q_html_objs)){
      a_query = answer_read(q_html_objs[[i]], i)

      if (length(a_query) > 1){
        #print(length(a_query))
        ans_df_list[[j]] = a_query
        j = j + 1
      }}
    
    a_df_inc = do.call("rbind", ans_df_list)
    #print(a_df_inc)
  
    
    # --- Comments ---
    k = 1
    com_df_list = list()
    for (i in 1:length(qlinks)){
      c_query = comment_preprocess(q_html_objs[[i]])
      
      if (length(c_query) > 1){
        com_df_list[[k]] = c_query
        k = k + 1
      }}
    
    c_df = do.call("rbind", com_df_list)
    #print(c_df)
  
    #Go to the next page of the search to n
    #if page_depth == n, then go to last page
  
    #get page depth from URL using REGEX
    page_depth = as.numeric(regmatches(url, gregexpr('(?<=page=)[0-9]+', url, perl = TRUE)))
    
    #define the next page
    if (page_depth == n_depth){
      #Return link to the last page
      next_url = get_last_page(doc)
      #next_url = TRUE
    } else if (page_depth > n_depth){
      #Once we are on the last page send the kill command back to the main module
      next_url = TRUE 
    }else {
    #Else return link to the next page
      next_url = get_next_page(doc)      
    }
    
    return(list(q_df_inc, a_df_inc, c_df, next_url))
}

# init_url = 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9812&pagesize=50'
# init_url = 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=1&pagesize=50'
# a = search_read(init_url, n_depth = 3)
# qq = a[[1]]
# qa = a[[2]]
# qc = a[[3]]

MAIN FUNCTION

This is the function that we actually call to run our script. Because there is no code beyond this chunk I’m going to keep outputs printing. Beyond looking at the last page, you can basically consider this the end of the document!

#Our main function, given a start page and a depth, it gathers data from that many
#search pages + last and returns a list of dataframes
scrape_so <- function(n_depth){
  input_url = 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=1&pagesize=50'
  scrping = TRUE
  questions_list = list()
  answers_list = list()
  comments_list = list()
  
  d = 1
  while (scrping == TRUE){
    search_data <<- search_read(input_url, n_depth)
    # print(paste("SEARCH DATA LENGTH:", length(search_data)))
    # print(c(typeof(search_data[[1]]), print(dim(search_data[[1]]))))
    # print(c(typeof(search_data[[2]]), print(dim(search_data[[2]]))))
    # print(c(typeof(search_data[[3]]), print(dim(search_data[[3]]))))
    
    questions_list[[d]] = search_data[[1]]
    answers_list[[d]] = search_data[[2]]
    comments_list[[d]] = search_data[[3]]
    next_url = search_data[[4]]
    d = d + 1
    
    if (next_url == TRUE){scrping = FALSE} #kill the loop once we are done

    input_url = paste(base_url, paste(next_url), sep='')
    print(paste('INPUT URL:', input_url))
  }
  
  questions_list <<- questions_list
  answers_list <<- answers_list
  comments_list <<- comments_list
  
  # print('Shape of Questions:')
  # print(lapply(questions_list, dim))
  # print('Shape of Answers:')
  # print(lapply(answers_list, dim))
  # print('Shape of Comments:')
  # print(lapply(comments_list, dim))
  
  q_df <<- do.call('rbind', questions_list)
  a_df <<- do.call('rbind', answers_list)
  c_df <<- do.call('rbind', comments_list)
  
  # print('experimental bind')
  # exp_df <<- rbind(questions_list[[1]], questions_list[[2]])
  # print(exp_df)
  
  print(kable(q_df))
  print(kable(a_df))
  print(kable(c_df))
  
  # print(typeof(q_df))
  # print(typeof(a_df))
  # print(typeof(c_df))
  
  final_df = list()
  final_df[[1]] = q_df
  final_df[[2]] = a_df
  final_df[[3]] = c_df
  return(final_df)
}

final_dataframes = scrape_so(3)
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76398208/why-monthly-mean-raster-output-seem-to-get-multiplied-by-10000"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76398196/analyze-an-entire-sheet-and-display-the-results-in-a-table"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397984/is-there-an-r-function-that-would-produce-results-similar-to-scipy-s-gaussian-fi"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397812/seurat-findclusters-seems-to-freeze-after-one-iteration"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397805/r-matching-a-matrix-to-a-dataframe"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397627/ggplot-reorder-within-order-month"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397512/ggplot-ordering-legends-with-guides-changes-continuous-legend-to-discrete"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397435/how-can-i-put-the-iterable-numbers-into-a-new-column-each-iteration"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397278/how-to-add-multiple-column-headers-that-span-specified-columns-to-a-dt-table-ren"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76397124/python-or-r-packages-to-draw-2d-diagrams-of-intermolecular-interactions"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396915/aggregating-model-summaries-from-list-of-models"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396811/using-call-for-c-pkolmogorov2x-in-r-package-submitted-to-cran"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396563/how-to-run-a-geographically-weighted-logistic-regression-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396425/how-to-fix-the-subscript-out-of-bounds-error-when-converting-nc-to-text-in-r-u"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396351/how-to-stitch-merge-two-rasterstack-map-overlapping-each-other"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396349/is-there-a-r-function-to-make-pairwise-correlation-tests-between-2-different-sub"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396323/spgwr-error-new-data-matrix-rows-mismatch"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396291/error-encountered-when-trying-to-plot-individual-trees-from-cforest-forest-usi"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396233/error-in-the-mapnames-operator-is-invalid-for-atomic-vectors"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76396165/how-to-create-a-spatial-gridlines-using-latitude-and-longitude-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395825/efficient-way-to-change-the-class-of-several-matrices-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395807/error-in-st-kriging-of-uneven-spacetime-data-the-leading-minor-of-order-2-is-n"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395682/how-to-merge-two-data-frames-by-first-4-digits-of-mergeable-values-only"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395579/error-publishing-flexdashboard-as-shiny-app-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395522/how-to-reshape-data-from-long-to-wide-format-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395332/extract-iteratively-data-in-subfolders-within-folder-into-googledrive"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395254/r-efficient-way-to-apply-a-match-function-on-every-element-of-vector"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395142/including-the-title-page-and-back-page-in-a-quarto-book-in-pdf-format"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76395098/dotplot-of-enrichgo-results-with-all-of-the-ontology-terms-on-same-plot-for-comp"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394809/create-a-variable-filtering-for-all-rows-which-are-based-on-a-numerical-value-wi"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394793/prior-posterior-predictive-distributions-for-an-unconstrained-constrained-ppo-mo"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394787/how-to-label-levels-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394767/is-there-a-way-to-add-an-external-term-to-the-bekk-garch-process-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394709/reshaping-data-frame-with-mutiple-value-columns-from-wide-to-long"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394485/grouping-data-with-condition-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394461/r-comparing-distance-calculations"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394455/function-with-shiny-survey"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394451/why-is-sub-in-r-not-recognizing-the-pattern-that-i-provided-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394390/how-to-replace-a-string-defined-by-starting-and-ending-index-by-another-string-i"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394371/create-columns-based-on-the-values-in-another-data-frame"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394359/simulating-a-spatio-temporal-gaussian-process"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394250/negative-gvif1-2df-values"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394080/single-season-occupancy-modeling-in-unmarked-how-to-create-a-model-averaged-pred"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76394018/node-inconsistent-with-parents"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393934/how-do-add-sign-of-rows-in-one-column-to-rows-in-new-column-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393814/complete-missing-non-overlapping-date-ranges"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393742/using-partykit-to-predict-survival-probabilities"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393686/how-to-set-external-variable-or-program-for-rstudio"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393636/interpretation-of-roc-curve-curving-early"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393577/how-can-i-find-the-length-of-row-wise-set-differences-between-two-list-columns-u"
## [1] "INPUT URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=2&pagesize=50"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393401/switching-columns-within-a-geom-col-plot-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393378/how-to-replace-multiple-occurrences-of-a-pattern-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393250/bslibvalue-box-within-bs4dash-displays-not-as-intended"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393244/how-can-i-disregard-the-theme-for-1-slide-in-xaringan"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393217/how-to-plot-multiple-plots-in-r-for-different-variables"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76393207/rselenium-timeout-error-while-trying-to-connect-to-server-running-on-docker-usi"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392914/removing-unwanted-special-etc-and-html-a8-etc-characters-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392902/how-to-launch-second-shiny-modal-based-on-an-event-in-the-main-shiny-app-ui-and"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392893/how-to-format-negative-numbers-with-parenthesis-with-openxlsx-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392884/complex-conditional-df-subsetting-with-nested-for-loops-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392840/how-can-i-conditionally-assign-values-to-a-column-in-data-table-using-a-function"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392784/how-do-i-automatically-plot-overlapping-curves-with-ggplot2"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392725/setting-dynamic-yaxis-labels-ggplot"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392709/create-a-custom-legend-for-facet-grid-variables"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392631/r-using-group-by-for-all-values"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392610/how-do-i-fix-errors-when-renaming-observations-in-r-for-filtering-purposes"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392410/how-can-i-make-movies-from-the-movies-dataset-with-multiple-genres-only-have-1"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392409/how-can-i-add-the-overall-histogram-in-a-grouped-histogram-plot"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392386/how-do-i-add-a-var-constraint-to-portfolioanalytics-optimization-function-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392367/write-to-google-sheet-skipping-1st-row"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392347/mixed-model-ancova-when-variables-are-not-of-the-same-length"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392326/rmarkdown-how-to-use-results-asis-and-fig-show-hold-together"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392259/how-do-i-plot-my-data-through-in-discrete-time-bins"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392228/lmer-gives-estimates-for-non-existing-variables-after-equation-with-interaction"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392177/how-to-assign-unique-observations-to-values-within-a-group"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392149/linear-programming-problem-r-using-lpsolveapi"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76392055/how-to-match-multiple-occurrences-of-strings-given-a-start-and-end-pattern-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391960/r-studio-add-row-with-dynamic-field-name"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391906/how-to-pass-an-unquoted-column-name-to-a-custom-summary-function-min-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391856/r-argument-is-not-a-character-vector-enc2utf8path"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391852/recreate-hist-binning-in-ggplot2-with-geom-histogram"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391835/format-graph-ggcuminc-cumulative-incidence"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391830/three-way-interaction-in-regression-does-not-show-the-interaction-terms-and-esti"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391751/if-match-between-column-id-in-two-different-datasets-then-create-a-new-dataset"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391676/r-how-to-mutate-strings-into-icons-within-one-cell"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391552/how-to-extract-a-string-that-starts-and-ends-with-a-specific-pattern-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391482/in-ggplot2-print-an-expression-in-the-facet-wrap"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391426/what-directory-do-i-use-to-install-libraries-for-a-container-image-with-r-for-an"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391151/how-program-to-join-2-different-tables-based-on-which-one-has-the-highest-number"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391100/r-add-current-row-value-of-adjacent-column-with-previous-row-value-of-current"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76391093/r-analysis-of-number-of-mature-animals"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390879/how-can-i-edit-shiny-servers-sockjs-websocket-to-add-content-type-headers-to-it"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390817/is-it-possible-to-conduct-anova-with-a-frequency-variable"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390798/undefined-columns-selected-when-subsetting-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390501/is-there-a-way-to-untar-a-file-and-merge-all-the-extracted-files-into-one-for-ef"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390478/import-decimal-interval-of-months-with-lubridate-to-convert-into-days"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390426/how-to-change-the-y-axis-to-scientific-annotation-problem-with-characters"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390374/web-crawling-with-naver-client-id-why-is-my-id-invalid-and-how-can-i-fix-it"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390329/change-x-or-y-position-of-density-plot"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390299/r-tapply-how-to-use-index-names-as-a-fun-additional-argument"
## [1] "INPUT URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=3&pagesize=50"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76390196/error-in-seq-defaultfrom-1-to-total-window-1-by-absstep"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389748/how-do-i-calculate-the-omega-values-for-my-bifactor-model"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389710/how-do-i-apply-conditional-statemtents-to-create-a-new-raster-layer-based-on-3-g"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389697/clean-data-in-r-from-image"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389613/r-append-matrix-rows-if-condition-is-met"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389515/retrieve-every-value-between-an-alphanumeric-range-in-r-using-ifelse"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389510/add-a-column-with-a-string-value-based-on-other-column-values-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389468/how-to-subtract-values-between-months-for-each-group-and-each-year-separately-in"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389386/r-function-that-summarize-rows-grouped-by-but-disregards-duplicate-strings-and"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389243/is-it-possible-to-bypass-the-9-argument-limit-in-commandargs-for-r-programs"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389056/how-to-achieve-k-anonymity-in-r-changing-python-to-r-function"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389050/cleaning-data-in-r-by-using-a-reference-date"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76389028/is-there-a-way-to-add-section-labels-to-the-x-axis-of-a-plot-using-ggplot2"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76388858/change-the-size-and-orientation-of-legend-title-while-plotting-raster"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76388339/r-data-table-lost-rows-after-order"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76388303/how-can-i-get-the-primary-key-of-a-selected-option-from-a-dataframe-based-select"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76388156/customise-and-order-legends-in-survival-analysis-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76388032/convert-data-frame-with-character-column-to-data-frame-with-integer-column"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387964/h2o-mean-residual-deviance-for-poisson-family"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387937/rearranging-a-dataframe-creation-of-new-columns-and-pivot-to-wide-format-based"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387472/tidyrpivot-longer-with-duplicate-problems-with-no-apparent-duplicate-column"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387441/obtaining-predicted-values-of-the-outcome-variable-using-margins-command"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387313/expectation-step-in-gaussian-mixture-model-for-matrix-data-not-producing-proper"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387295/error-in-installing-glmnet-4-1-7-in-r-4-2-3-in-rhel-7-9"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387189/fatal-error-relating-to-include-s-h-when-installing-r-scalop-package"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387115/ggplot2-dodge-overlapping-when-y-axis-is-not-count-frequency"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76387096/why-are-the-fitting-results-of-the-arima-and-glm-function-different"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386943/incompatible-shapes-1024-3-vs-1024-1024-in-neural-network-training"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386904/how-to-merge-columns-and-rows-in-r-so-that-i-can-calculate-the-average-number-o"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386871/how-do-i-automatically-set-a-custom-path-for-r-packages-when-using-ms-visual-stu"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386843/how-to-use-dplyr-verbs-rename-and-mutate-in-a-same-chunk"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386840/why-is-remove-punct-not-removing-apostrophes-when-tokenizing-a-corpus-in-quanted"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386786/after-stat-and-glue-do-not-work-together"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386732/how-do-i-stop-highlighted-r-code-runs-twice"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386620/fisher-exact-using-tidyr-or-dplyr-approach"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386429/how-can-i-download-pdfs-from-a-website-that-stores-them-on-aws-using-rvest-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386409/smoothing-splines-is-there-a-way-to-automatically-add-s-to-each-column-name"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386402/compatibility-issue-between-dplyr-versions-in-rstudio-error-with-mutate-functio"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386356/how-can-i-optimize-this-pattern-matching-function-to-handle-large-data-sets-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386347/how-can-i-convert-a-data-table-to-its-logarithm-1-base-2-form-in-r-while-ign"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386335/how-do-i-collapse-data-frame-rows-if-values-are-identical-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386256/export-a-plotly-graph-in-r-to-powerpoint"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386162/is-there-a-way-to-merge-two-mutated-dataframes-together"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386109/how-can-i-control-for-multiple-categorical-variables-in-my-regression-analysis-o"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386104/why-are-the-bars-inverted-on-the-x-axis-when-using-100-stacked-bar-plots-with-g"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386043/why-do-i-have-different-p-values-if-calculated-differently"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76386018/trying-to-create-a-date-column-for-tibble-want-to-take-the-values-from-the-inde"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76385903/randomly-selecting-50-columns-in-r-data-table-results-in-table-with-only-50-rows"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76385735/linearly-interpolating-values-in-a-large-r-data-frame-grouped-by-date-using-tidy"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76385712/what-is-causing-my-ggplot2-boxplot-to-turn-into-skinny-lines-instead-of-wide-box"
## [1] "INPUT URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/r?tab=newest&page=9817&pagesize=50"
## Warning in get_reputation(doc): Reputation scores do not match! Nrep: 7 OldRep:
## 4
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/255697/is-there-an-r-package-for-learning-a-dirichlet-prior-from-counts-data"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/127137/sample-code-for-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/103312/how-to-test-for-the-eof-flag-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/102056/how-to-search-for-r-materials"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/95007/explain-the-quantile-function-in-r"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79709/worse-sin-side-effects-or-passing-massive-objects"
## [1] "Current URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77434/how-to-access-the-last-value-in-a-vector"
## [1] "INPUT URL: https://stackoverflow.comTRUE"
## 
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |badgeGold |badgeSilver |badgeBronze |Editor            |EditTime                                                                                                                                                                       |
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## | 76398208|14    |0     |r,mean,raster                                                                 |2023-06-03 22:06:34Z |Michael_Brun                | 21621075|17         |I have various .tiff files (3 files per month (e.g. 20060103.tif, 20060113.tif, 20060124.tif, 20070203.tif. 20070213.tif, 20070224.tif...etc). I am calculating monthly mean using following code in R. But the problem is that the cell values of tiff files is in the range 0-1 but the final output of the code has cell values in the range 0-10000. I also checked it manually. For example, a cell whose monthly mean output should be .1265 has monthly mean as 1265. I don't understand that in which step, the values are getting multiplied by 10000 and how?
## setwd("D:/Data")
## library(raster)
## rast <- list.files(path="D:/Data/",pattern='.*tif',full.names=TRUE)
## rast[1:519]
## s <- stack(rast)
## names(s)[1:519]
## grp = substr(names(s),2,7)        
## grp[1:519]
## alb_mean <- stackApply(s, grp, mean)
## names(alb_mean)[1:519]
## for(n in names(alb_mean)){writeRaster(alb_mean[[n]], paste0(n,".tif"))}
## list.files(path=".",pattern=".tif")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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## | 76398196|11    |-1    |r                                                                             |2023-06-03 22:00:45Z |Rossy                       | 20504490|1          |How can I analyze a complete excel sheet and show the result in a table, classify them by area and by average population and on a map using R, in addition to creating a visualization, the population of a country is analyzed.
## compare columns and totals                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     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## | 76397984|29    |0     |python,r,scipy,gaussian                                                       |2023-06-03 20:46:58Z |JStorey                     | 11631725|13         |I’m working to recreate some Python code in R. How can I replicate the results of gaussian_filter() from the SciPy package in R (here)? I’ve tried a number of different functions from a number of different packages, and even after ensuring the parameters of these functions match those in the Python function and testing with very basic matrixes they’re producing different results. I can’t find something that is as simple or obvious as what’s offered in Python - am I missing something? If not, what approach should I take to recreating that function in R? Thanks very much!
## Here's an example of what I'm trying to achieve in Python:
## gaussian_filter([[1.0,1.0,1.0],[2.0,2.0,2.0],[3.0,3.0,3.0]], sigma=2)
## 
## array([[1.88842725, 1.88842725, 1.88842725],
##        [2.        , 2.        , 2.        ],
##        [2.11157275, 2.11157275, 2.11157275]])
## 
## This is the R function that I most expected to work, but the output doesn't match the output from the Python function:
## mmand::gaussianSmooth(matrix(rep(1:3, 3), ncol = 3), 2)
## 
##          [,1]     [,2]     [,3]
## [1,] 1.841918 1.841918 1.841918
## [2,] 2.000000 2.000000 2.000000
## [3,] 2.158082 2.158082 2.158082                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |0           |4           |JStorey           |2023-06-03 22:40:34Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76397812|24    |1     |r,multiprocessing,hpc,seurat                                                  |2023-06-03 19:52:33Z |user15141432                | 15141432|31         |I am trying to run FindClusters() on a dataset of about 20G, 300K cells using the following command on a RedHat Linux HPC:
## df <- FindClusters(df, resolution=seq(0.01,1,by=0.1), verbose = TRUE,algorithm=1)
## When running, I get the following output in my file, however, the code then seems to freeze after the following input.
## 0%   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100%
## [----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;----&#124;
## ****************************************************
## 
## Modularity Optimizer version 1.3.0 by Ludo Waltman and Nees Jan van Eck
## 
## Number of nodes: 311049
## Number of edges: 5724294
## 
## Running Louvain algorithm...
## Maximum modularity in 10 random starts: 0.9925
## Number of communities: 2834
## Elapsed time: 146 seconds
## 
## After this message, the program continues to run but doesn't seem to progress forward. Only after about 8 hours, does the next output for the next resolution value print. The program does work on a smaller dataset much faster (2G and about 4 min), and completes without any error, however, I don't believe that a 20G dataset should take this long.
## These are the RedHat HPC system settings, and I am submitting my job via the following qsub command: qsub multiCore.sh
## NAME="Springdale Linux"
## VERSION="7.9 (Verona)"
## ID="rhel"
## ID_LIKE="fedora"
## VERSION_ID="7.9"
## 
## cat multiCore.sh
## #!/bin/bash
## #$ -N MULTICORE
## #$ -cwd -S /bin/bash
## #$ -l mem=50G,time=6::
## #$ -pe orte 4
## #$ -o output.log
## #$ -e error.log
## 
## 
## # Run the MPI job with mpirun
## mpirun $HOME/bin/Rscript integrate2.R // integrate2.R is the file where FindClusters() is called
## 
## So far, I have tried looking through the Seurat documentation for parallel processing with future and running one resolution value at a time, but the issue is still there.
## Any suggestions would be appreciated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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## | 76397805|35    |0     |r,matrix                                                                      |2023-06-03 19:50:57Z |stats_noob                  | 13203841|5,117      |I am working with the R Programming Language.
## I have the following data frames:
## set.seed(123)
## 
## df_1 <- data.frame(
##   name_1 = c("john", "david", "alex", "kevin", "trevor", "xavier", "tom", "michael", "troy", "kelly", "chris", "henry", "taylor", "ryan", "peter"),
##   lon = rnorm(15, mean = -74.0060, sd = 0.01),
##   lat = rnorm(15, mean = 40.7128, sd = 0.01)
## )
## 
## df_2 <- data.frame(
##   name_2 = c("matthew", "tyler", "sebastian", "julie", "anna", "tim", "david", "nigel", "sarah", "steph", "sylvia", "boris", "theo", "malcolm"),
##   lon = rnorm(14, mean = -74.0060, sd = 0.01),
##   lat = rnorm(14, mean = 40.7128, sd = 0.01)
## )
## 
## My Problem: I want to find out the distance (e.g. haversine distance) between all people from df_1 and df_2 and then perform some summary statistics (e.g. for each person in df_1 - what is the distance to the closest person df_2, furthest person in df_2, average person in df_2, etc.)
## I think I know how to calculate the distance between all pairs of people:
##  library(geosphere)
## 
## haversine_distance <- function(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2) {
##   distHaversine(c(lon1, lat1), c(lon2, lat2))
## }
## 
## 
## distances <- matrix(nrow = nrow(df_1), ncol = nrow(df_2))
## # calculate the distances
## for (i in 1:nrow(df_1)) {
##     for (j in 1:nrow(df_2)) {
##         distances[i, j] <- haversine_distance(df_1$lon[i], df_1$lat[i], df_2$lon[j], df_2$lat[j])
##     }
## }
## 
## rownames(distances) <- df_1$name_1
## colnames(distances) <- df_2$name_2
## 
## The distance matrix looks like this:
##           matthew     tyler sebastian     julie      anna       tim     david     nigel     sarah     steph    sylvia     boris      theo  malcolm
## john    1052.8789 3247.1522 2729.5524 2786.8618 1617.3737 2333.5141 1948.9521 2064.2697 2048.1926  489.7949 2243.3701  423.1875 3760.5821 2663.365
## david    965.2928 1805.2741 1380.9300 1423.8518  941.3102 1009.7809  715.3872  602.9369  605.3148  977.5747  895.8301 1134.0782 2440.0083 2026.501
## alex    3660.8024 1824.7070 1828.6055 1765.7750 3120.1155 2221.2910 2612.6494 2554.4279 2657.5071 4057.3500 2715.1428 4154.0464 2428.5429 2886.329
## kevin    638.9259 2054.2783 1412.4940 1467.9787  639.6901 1017.4015  644.2898  820.1698  887.2768  834.5504 1217.3939  937.2919 2746.7912 1775.239
## trevor  1887.7327  807.6626  650.9167  631.9494 1511.9586  640.8622  884.1570  520.1834  603.2698 2094.4664  747.7145 2232.6381 1679.2678 2085.071
## xavier  2756.8628 1697.5262 1013.2502  972.9730 2190.7641 1396.8569 1767.1953 1893.9403 2051.9317 3237.6654 2239.1811 3302.8378 2571.7172 1878.935
## tom     1587.6118 1192.5724  420.2596  447.8639 1151.8284  243.6729  530.4778  488.9710  675.8181 1903.4973  975.1733 2011.5490 2077.7307 1695.655
## michael 2867.3117  825.7050 1950.4505 1912.7913 2672.4188 1954.2652 2093.8370 1504.5642 1361.1719 2768.1872 1012.5247 2967.4984  581.9209 3407.516
## troy    2351.8427  549.4500 1383.4185 1352.5158 2107.4240 1365.1343 1513.8307  941.2245  828.5550 2349.1859  560.1101 2531.9797 1035.0599 2818.647
## kelly   2169.1191  568.8260 1158.1408 1130.9239 1894.6183 1131.2607 1291.3101  738.7638  658.7015 2219.9931  491.6430 2392.3424 1239.3253 2584.679
## chris   3291.8547 1427.3840 1455.8430 1389.1659 2766.7982 1841.1226 2232.4323 2141.2351 2239.5804 3660.7231 2294.9747 3764.9145 2106.7084 2651.150
## henry    415.8956 2251.7187 1453.0914 1516.5279  394.8684 1062.2968  670.9220 1027.9476 1129.8791  859.7761 1481.0100  894.5358 2989.7708 1552.172
## taylor  1174.1631 1537.5152  746.6206  799.1515  782.6833  358.4041  170.5171  439.8022  635.0847 1504.8199 1016.1560 1601.9382 2359.4940 1567.225
## ryan    2625.2224  342.8375 1052.6759  989.0322 2217.8837 1271.4270 1593.4782 1243.7473 1268.9269 2821.0950 1222.0676 2967.2978 1248.0710 2587.342
## peter    830.2758 2655.1120 2213.5778 2265.3747 1276.1912 1821.6048 1455.0204 1487.1033 1458.7784  195.4891 1651.2295  414.2948 3176.7362 2416.527
## 
## My Question: I am struggling to convert this matrix into a dataframe. I am trying different approaches.
## Here are the codes I am using for the summary statistics:
## # Approach 1
## 
## 
## final <- data.frame(
##     name_1 = rep(df_1$name_1, each = nrow(df_2)),
##     lon_1 = rep(df_1$lon, each = nrow(df_2)),
##     lat_1 = rep(df_1$lat, each = nrow(df_2)),
##     name_2 = rep(df_2$name_2, nrow(df_1)),
##     lon_2 = rep(df_2$lon, nrow(df_1)),
##     lat_2 = rep(df_2$lat, nrow(df_1)),
##     distance = c(distances)
## )
## 
## final_summary <- aggregate(distance ~ name_1,
##                            data = final,
##                            FUN = function(x) c(min = min(x),
##                                                max = max(x),
##                                                mean = mean(x),
##                                                median = median(x),
##                                                sd = sd(x)))
## final_summary_1 <- do.call(data.frame, final_summary)
## names(final_summary_1)[-(1)] <- c("min_distance", "max_distance", "mean_distance", "median_distance", "sd_distance")
## 
## # Approach 2
## 
## final_summary_2 <- data.frame(name_1 = df_1$name_1,
##                             min_distance = apply(distances, 1, min),
##                             max_distance = apply(distances, 1, max),
##                             mean_distance = apply(distances, 1, mean),
##                             median_distance = apply(distances, 1, median),
##                             sd_distance = apply(distances, 1, sd))
## 
## 
## #Approach 3 (https://stackoverflow.com/a/76394618/13203841 - optimized for speed)
## 
##  haversine_distance <- function(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2) {
##   distHaversine(cbind(lon1, lat1), cbind(lon2, lat2))
## }
## 
## grid <- expand.grid(i = seq_len(nrow(df_1)), j = seq_len(nrow(df_2)))
## 
## #create master data frame with the pairwise information name & locations
## workingdf <- data.frame(
##       name_1 = df_1$name_1[grid$i],
##       lon_1 = df_1$lon[grid$i],
##       lat_1 = df_1$lat[grid$i],
##       name_2 = df_2$name_2[grid$j],
##       lon_2 = df_2$lon[grid$j],
##       lat_2 = df_2$lat[grid$j]
## )
## 
## #calculate the distances for every row, taking the columns as input
## workingdf$distance <- distHaversine(workingdf[ ,c("lon_1", "lat_1")], workingdf[ ,c("lon_2", "lat_2")])
## 
## #summarize
## final_summary_3 <- aggregate(
##    distance ~ name_1,
##    data = workingdf,
##    FUN = function(x) c(min = min(x), max = max(x), mean = mean(x), median = median(x), sd = sd(x))
## )
## 
## When I analyze the results for "alex" (approach_1, approach_2, approach_3):
##   name_1 min_distance max_distance mean_distance median_distance sd_distance
## 1   alex     342.8375     2729.552      1416.779        1397.956    716.7869
## 
## name_1 min_distance max_distance mean_distance median_distance sd_distance
## alex   alex     1765.775     4154.046      2749.092        2635.078     774.061
## 
##   name_1 distance.min distance.max distance.mean distance.median distance.sd
## 1   alex     1765.775     4154.046      2749.092        2635.078     774.061
## 
## And when I then compare it to the values of the original matrix:
## distances["alex", ]
##   matthew     tyler sebastian     julie      anna       tim     david     nigel     sarah     steph    sylvia     boris      theo   malcolm 
##  3660.802  1824.707  1828.605  1765.775  3120.115  2221.291  2612.649  2554.428  2657.507  4057.350  2715.143  4154.046  2428.543  2886.329 
## 
## I notice that:
## Approach 2 and Approach 3 produce the same results
## The values for Approach 2 and Approach 3 seem to be correct
## The values in Approach 1 (e.g. alex min distance 342 meters) do not even appear in the original matrix
## Thus - am I correct to conclude that Approach 1 is incorrect while Approach 2 and Approach 3 are both correct?
## Thanks!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |3         |21          |72          |NA                |2023-06-03 21:21:50Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76397627|24    |1     |r,ggplot2                                                                     |2023-06-03 19:02:49Z |Guilherme Lopes de Campos   | 13794490|19         |I am plotting a bar graph. However, the axes x show in different month order. Using the command reoder_within, doesn't work for the purpose.
## Follow below the ME.
## ggplot(de, aes(fill=Cidade, y = Leitura  , x = Mes ))+geom_bar(position='dodge', stat='identity')
## 
## Generate the follow plot:
## Plot
## My purpose is modify the axes x to: Jan, Fev, March .....
## The set of data is:
##   Cidade    Mes       Leitura
##   <chr>     <chr>       <dbl>
## 1 Petrolina Janeiro     74.2 
## 2 Petrolina Fevereiro   73.2 
## 3 Petrolina Março       68.7 
## 4 Petrolina Abril       42.9 
## 5 Petrolina Maio         9.84
## 6 Petrolina Junho        8.02                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |0         |0           |3           |Phil              |2023-06-03 21:06:20Z, 2023-06-03 19:14:47Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76397512|21    |0     |r,ggplot2,legend                                                              |2023-06-03 18:36:23Z |pcantalupo                  |  2992891|2,204      |I'm running ggplot2 v3.4.1. I created this 2 legend plot that by default it is placing the year2 size legend below the cty color legend. However, I would like the size legend to be on top.
## library(tidyverse)
## 
## mpg$year2 = factor(mpg$year)
## values = c(2,4); names(values) = c("1999", "2008")
## p = mpg %>%
##   ggplot(aes(x = cty, y = hwy, color = cty, size = year2)) + 
##   geom_point() +
##   scale_size_manual(name = "year2", values = values)
## p
## 
## 
## Therefore, I used guides() to specify the legend ordering but it changes the continuous color legend cty to discrete
## p + guides(size = guide_legend(order = 1), 
##            color = guide_legend(order = 2))
## 
## 
## I saw this post ggplot guide_legend argument changes continuous legend to discrete but am unable to figure out how to use guide_colorbar() when you have 2 or more legends.
## How do I change my code to keep the cty legend as continuous? Thx                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |17          |27          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76397435|21    |1     |r                                                                             |2023-06-03 18:20:59Z |Lara                        | 15804062|115        |# Creating an empty dataframe
## result_df <- data.frame()
## 
## # Iterating over the numbers 1 to 3
## for (i in 1:3) {
##   # Create a new column and populate it with values of i
##   result_df[, paste0("Column", i)] <- i
## }
## 
## I expect to have the following populated dataframe:
##   Column1 Column2 Column3
## 1       1       2       3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |0           |7           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76397278|19    |0     |css,r,json,shiny,dt                                                           |2023-06-03 17:45:44Z |Curious Jorge - user9788072 |  9788072|2,276      |I'm looking for examples of how to add multiple column headers to a table rendered with DT table in R Shiny but the examples of how to do this can be convoluted. Mostly adding JS and CSS but it can be difficult to pick out what are the necessary items to include in your code to add the column headers to the table.
## So let's start with this super-simple code example below. How to add multiple column headers, following the illustration below where I added mock headers in blue to show what I'm trying to add for the sake of example? Black font is fine, I only used blue to delineate what I added using Paint versus what was rendered by Shiny. Boxes around the headers are helpful.
## 
## Code:
## library(shiny)
## library(DT)
## 
## ui <- fluidPage(DTOutput('tbl'))
##   
## server <- function(input, output) {
##   output$tbl = renderDT(iris, options = list(lengthChange = FALSE))
##   }
##   
## shinyApp(ui,server)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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## | 76397124|33    |1     |python,r,diagram,interaction,docking                                          |2023-06-03 17:07:18Z |ginn                        | 20290723|95         |I've docked a large inorganic compound (receptor) with an organic molecule that isn't a protein (ligand). I wanted to see the interaction between them in a 2D diagram, but BIOVIA Discovery Studio (DS) doesn't work well with pdb files converted from pdbqt. And since the receptor isn't a protein or a fragment of DNA/RNA, DS won't show the diagrams as well (the same with PLIP and Proteins Plus). I've also tried LigPlot, LeView and PoseView, but none of them worked. Does anyone know another software that draws 2D diagrams, and, if not, would there be any way to do this in R??? (The language I have most affinity and experience in)
## @M__ kindly suggested using Python, in which I don't have any experience yet. So... Would anyone have, perhaps, any ideia of a package I could use to draw 2D diagrams of intermolecular interactions?
## I thank you in advance.
## DATA
## • Sample PDB file (the receptor and ligand's file extension):
## HEADER    EXAMPLE PROTEIN                         03-JUN-2023   PDB ID: 1XYZ
## TITLE     CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF EXAMPLE PROTEIN
## COMPND    EXAMPLE PROTEIN
## AUTHOR    J. Smith, A. Johnson
## REMARK    THIS IS AN EXAMPLE REMARK
## REMARK    THIS IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE REMARK
## SEQRES    1 A  100  ALA SER GLY GLN LEU CYS LEU GLY THR ...
## HETATM    1  N   ALA A   1       2.365   4.665  -0.486  1.00 20.00           N
## HETATM    2  CA  ALA A   1       1.348   5.580  -0.791  1.00 20.00           C
## HETATM    3  C   ALA A   1       0.081   4.867  -0.397  1.00 20.00           C
## ...
## ATOM    399  N   LEU A  50      -2.883  -1.380  -0.738  1.00 20.00           N
## ATOM    400  CA  LEU A  50      -4.093  -0.617  -0.419  1.00 20.00           C
## ATOM    401  C   LEU A  50      -5.337  -1.508  -0.714  1.00 20.00           C
## ...
## CONECT    1    2
## CONECT    2    1    3
## CONECT    3    2    4
## ...
## END
## 
## • (A PDBQT file is a PDB file processed and read by AutoDock... That's why other softwares usually don't work well with these files.)
## • Sample 2D diagram of intermolecular interactions:
## 
## Source: MARIN, Ruxandra-Cristina et al. Management of antiretroviral therapy with boosted protease inhibitors—Darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat. Biomedicines, v. 9, n. 3, p. 313, 2021.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |0         |0           |5           |ginn              |2023-06-03 18:10:09Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76396915|28    |0     |r,list,apply,plyr,sapply                                                      |2023-06-03 16:18:38Z |bison2178                   |  3135514|713        |I am running same models several times on different subset of data, for example,
##   data("mtcars")
##   head("mtcars")
## 
##   table(mtcars$cyl, useNA = "ifany")
## 
## I am fitting the model (mpg ~ hp + wt) for each cylinder type.
##  foo <- mtcars %>%
##           group_by(cyl) %>%
##              nest() %>%
##                mutate(model= map(data, rms::ols(mpg ~ hp + wt, data = .)))
## 
## When I try this
##   foo %>%
##     {map(.$model, summary)}
## 
## I get the model summary from all three models but this does not include the estimates for intercept.
## I am not interested in fitting the model using lm function, I am specifically interested in solutions involving fitting rms::ols() function.
## Any help on aggregating the summaries from multiple models using rms::ols() and that includes estimates for intercept, will be very helpful. Thanks.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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## | 76396811|25    |-1    |r,package,cran,p-value                                                        |2023-06-03 15:51:22Z |errenay                     | 22011971|1          |I'm preparing the package in R language for the CRAN submission. However, I've to calculate the p-value for the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnow test using the external call to the function C_pKolmogorov2x from the stats package, i.e.
## 1- .Call(stats:::C_pKolmogorov2x,PACKAGE = "stats", criticalValue, n1)
## 
## During checking and building my package it causes warnings:
## Foreign function call to a base package:
##     .Call(stats:::C_pKolmogorov2x, ..., PACKAGE = "stats")
##   Packages should not make .C/.Call/.External/.Fortran calls to a base
##   package. They are not part of the API, for use only by R itself and
##   subject to change without notice.
## 
## Because I've got a final value of the test statistic, to obtain the p-value I can't use ks.test, which can be applied only if we have a whole sample.
## Does anybody know the other way (e.g., function from other package to use directly) to calculate this p-value using cdf for the K-S one-sample test? Or maybe the warning will not cause rejecting my package from CRAN? Thank you in advance for your help!
## I've tried to found other packages intended to calculate the above-mentioned p-value. However, without success.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |0           |errenay           |2023-06-03 17:32:20Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76396563|31    |0     |r,polygon,logistic-regression,gwr                                             |2023-06-03 14:44:43Z |Saïd Maanan                 |  4889002|511        |I have the following data set containing socioeconomic variables:
## > glimpse(df)
## Rows: 730,099
## Columns: 9
## $ id     <int> 25500, 25501, 25502, 25503, 25504, 25505, 25506, 25507, 25508, 25509, 25510, 25511, 25512, 25513, 25514, 25515, 25516, 255…
## $ Prov   <fct> Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al Hoceïma, Al…
## $ Age    <dbl> 45, 15, 65, 55, 35, 75, 45, 25, 55, 40, 35, 50, 70, 20, 30, 75, 50, 35, 50, 40, 35, 70, 70, 35, 35, 75, 55, 35, 25, 50, 30…
## $ Edu    <dbl> 5, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 5, 4, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 14, 4, 0, 0, 3, 5, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 14, 3…
## $ Kids   <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 0, 5, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0,…
## $ Mil    <fct> Urban, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Rural, Urban, Urban, Rural, Urban, Urban, Rur…
## $ DSize  <dbl+lbl> 2, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 2, 4, 2, 3, 6, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 4, 1, 4, 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 2, 5, 3…
## $ taille <dbl> 2, 5, 5, 7, 5, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 5, 1, 5, 3, 7, 4, 6, 7, 2, 14, 3, 4, 1, 2, 9, 3, 3, 12, 4, 7, 2, 9, 2, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3, …
## $ EP     <fct> 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,…
## 
## The variable Prov indicates the 72 provinces of the country, it looks like this:
## > levels(df$Prov)
##  [1] "Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane"     "Al Haouz"                 "Al Hoceïma"               "Meknès"                   "Azilal"                  
##  [6] "Béni Mellal"              "Benslimane"               "Berkane"                  "Berrechid"                "Boujdour"                
## [11] "Boulemane"                "Casablanca"               "Chefchaouen"              "Chichaoua"                "Chtouka-Ait Baha"        
## [16] "Driouch"                  "El Hajeb"                 "El Jadida"                "El Kelâa des Sraghna"     "Errachidia"              
## [21] "Essaouira"                "Fahs-Anjra"               "Fès"                      "Figuig"                   "Fquih Ben Salah"         
## [26] "Guelmim"                  "Guercif"                  "Ifrane"                   "Inezgane-Ait Melloul"     "Jerada"                  
## [31] "Kénitra"                  "Khémisset"                "Khénifra"                 "Khouribga"                "Laâyoune"                
## [36] "Larache"                  "Marrakech"                "Médiouna"                 "Midelt"                   "Mohammadia"              
## [41] "Nador"                    "Nouaceur"                 "Ouarzazate"               "Ouezzane"                 "Oujda-Angad"             
## [46] "Rabat"                    "Rehamna"                  "Safi"                     "Salé"                     "Sefrou"                  
## [51] "Settat"                   "Sidi Bennour"             "Sidi Ifni"                "Sidi Kacem"               "Sidi Slimane"            
## [56] "Skhirate-Témara"          "Tanger-Assilah"           "Taounate"                 "Taourirt"                 "Taroudannt"              
## [61] "Tata"                     "Taza"                     "Tétouan"                  "M'Diq-Fnideq"             "Tinghir"                 
## [66] "Tiznit"                   "Youssoufia"               "Zagora"                   "Moulay Yacoub"            "Tan-Tan / Assa-Zag"      
## [71] "Es-Semara / Tarfaya"      "Oued Ed Dahab / Aousserd"
## 
## and I have another shapefile containing the location polygons for each province, it looks like this:
## > map_3
## Simple feature collection with 72 features and 1 field
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: -17.10496 ymin: 20.7715 xmax: -0.9987581 ymax: 35.92243
## Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
## # A tibble: 72 × 2
##    PROV                                                                                                     geometry
##  * <chr>                                                                                               <POLYGON [°]>
##  1 Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane ((-9.504189 30.3498, -9.503555 30.34989, -9.503493 30.34991, -9.502746 30.35016, -9.50251...
##  2 Al Haouz             ((-7.344661 31.67321, -7.344881 31.67344, -7.345 31.6736, -7.346125 31.67503, -7.346162 3...
##  3 Al Hoceïma           ((-3.926041 35.26096, -3.926289 35.26113, -3.926532 35.26142, -3.926776 35.26171, -3.9270...
##  4 Azilal               ((-5.908287 32.30598, -5.908415 32.3063, -5.913961 32.32005, -5.915668 32.32325, -5.92306...
##  5 Benslimane           ((-7.195987 33.18768, -7.191716 33.18865, -7.169873 33.19075, -7.164904 33.19066, -7.1557...
##  6 Berkane              ((-2.313083 34.58991, -2.312776 34.58996, -2.312381 34.59001, -2.308861 34.59052, -2.3085...
##  7 Berrechid            ((-7.250729 33.21856, -7.249378 33.22028, -7.246216 33.22429, -7.245882 33.22472, -7.2454...
##  8 Boujdour             ((-12.54495 24.46466, -12.49897 24.47041, -12.4321 24.48361, -12.38604 24.49452, -12.3777...
##  9 Boulemane            ((-4.202123 32.58081, -4.200447 32.58095, -4.183846 32.58234, -4.17291 32.58488, -4.15931...
## 10 Casablanca           ((-7.669198 33.49706, -7.668895 33.49699, -7.66875 33.49705, -7.668693 33.49707, -7.66854...
## # ℹ 62 more rows
## # ℹ Use `print(n = ...)` to see more rows
## 
## When I want to run a simple logistic regression I simply run this command and it gives me the results I want:
## > model <- glm(EP~Age+Edu+Kids+Mil+DSize+taille,family = binomial(link = "logit"), data = df)
## > summary(model)
## 
## Call:
## glm(formula = EP ~ Age + Edu + Kids + Mil + DSize + taille, family = binomial(link = "logit"), 
##     data = df)
## 
## Coefficients:
##               Estimate Std. Error  z value Pr(>&#124;z&#124;)    
## (Intercept) -0.0040682  0.0165088   -0.246    0.805    
## Age         -0.0060011  0.0002926  -20.511   <2e-16 ***
## Edu         -0.1165767  0.0010738 -108.562   <2e-16 ***
## Kids         0.0927567  0.0038183   24.293   <2e-16 ***
## MilRural     1.5594703  0.0078742  198.048   <2e-16 ***
## DSize       -0.4697581  0.0034187 -137.409   <2e-16 ***
## taille      -0.1368148  0.0026621  -51.393   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
## 
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
## 
##     Null deviance: 613335  on 719910  degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 497842  on 719904  degrees of freedom
##   (10188 observations deleted due to missingness)
## AIC: 497856
## 
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6
## 
## Now I want to run a Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression, and for that I checked the GWModel package manual, and found the function ggwr.basic, which has an option for logistic regression.
## DM<-gw.dist(dp.locat=coordinates(londonhp))
## bw.f2 <- bw.ggwr(BATH2~FLOORSZ,data=londonhp, dMat=DM,family ="binomial")
## res.binomial<-ggwr.basic(BATH2~FLOORSZ, bw=bw.f2,data=londonhp, dMat=DM,
##               family ="binomial")
## 
## But in their example, the location variable is a point (X Y coordinates), whereas in my case the locations are polygons, also they have one observation per location (they use the LondonHP data set), whereas I have more than 730,000 observations scattered across 72 provinces.
## Therefore, how can I run a Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression model on my data? I just gave the GWModel package as an example; if you know a different package or function that can get the job done, please feel free to use it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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  |4           |14          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76396425|12    |0     |r,text,ncdf4                                                                  |2023-06-03 14:03:28Z |AS1                         | 12369360|1          |I'm trying to convert NC files (SPEI index) to text in R using a package I found online. I managed to extract the NC files but am unable to convert them into text. I get the following error: Error in d[[s]] : subscript out of bounds
## I am attaching both codes below. The first one to compute the SPEI from cru files resulted in 4 output files: spei01.nc, spei03.nc, spei06.nc, and spei12.nc.
## if (!require('pacman')) install.packages('pacman')
## pacman::p_load(SPEI, ncdf4, snowfall, parallel, Hmisc)
## source('./R/functions.R')
## 
## # Init a parallel computing cluster; modify the parameter `cpus` to the
## # desired number of cores; otherwise, use all available cores
## #sfInit(parallel=TRUE, cpus=detectCores())
## sfInit(parallel=TRUE, cpus=4)
## sfExport(list='spei', namespace='SPEI')
## 
## # Compute SPEI at all time scales between 1 and 48 and store to disk
## #for (i in c(1:48)) {
## for (i in c(1,3,6,12)) {
##     spei.nc(
##       sca=i,
##           inPre='./inputData/cru_ts4.05.1901.2020.pre.dat.nc',
##           inEtp='./inputData/cru_ts4.05.1901.2020.pet.dat.nc',
##           outFile=paste('./outputNcdf/spei',
##                       formatC(i, width=2, format='d', flag='0'),'.nc',sep=''),
##           title=paste('Global ',i,'-month',
##                     ifelse(i==1,'','s'),' SPEI, z-values, 0.5 degree',sep=''),
##           comment='Using CRU TS 4.05 precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data',
##           block=36,
##           inMask=NA,
##           tlapse=NA
##       )
##   gc()
## }
## 
## # Stop the parallel cluster
## sfStop()
## type here
## 
## Here is the second one to convert the NC files to text:
## library(ncdf4)
## 
## #ff <- list.files('..','SPEIpen',full.names=TRUE)
## #system(paste('gzip -d',ff))
## 
## # open the netCDF files to read
## ff <- list.files('./outputNcdf','*.nc',full.names=TRUE)
## d <- list()
## for (i in 1:length(ff)) d[[i]] <- nc_open(ff[i])
## 
## # a matrix of coordinates for which we want to extract the data
## co <- matrix(NA,ncol=2,nrow=720*360)
## colnames(co) <- c('lon','lat')
## co[,1] <- rep(d[[1]]$dim$lon$vals,360)
## co[,2] <- sort(rep(d[[1]]$dim$lat$vals,720),decreasing=TRUE)
## co <- co[83260:259200,]
## 
## toText <- function(co, d) {
##     require(ncdf4)
##   lons <- d[[1]]$dim$lon$vals
##     lats <- d[[1]]$dim$lat$vals
##     tims <- d[[1]]$dim$time$vals
##     lo <- co[1]
##     la <- co[2]
##   if (file.exists(paste('./outputTxt/spei_',lo,'_',la,'.csv.gz',sep='')))
##     return()
##     x <- which(lons==lo)
##     y <- which(lats==la)
##     z <- ncvar_get(d[[1]],'spei',c(x,y,1),c(1,1,1))
##     t <- length(tims)
##     if (is.na(z)) {
##         rm(lons,lats,lo,la,x,y,z)
##         return()
##     }
##     a <- matrix(NA,ncol=48,nrow=t)
##     scales <- formatC(1:48, width=2, format='d', flag='0')
##     colnames(a) <- paste('SPEI',scales,sep='')
##     for (s in 1:48) {
##         a[,s] <- ncvar_get(d[[s]],'spei',c(x,y,1),c(1,1,-1))
##     }
##     b <- 'Description: Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at timescales between 1 and 48 months. Each column is a time series of monthly SPEI values starting on January 1901. Units: standard (Z) scores, i.e. normally distributed values with mean 0 and unit standard deviation. Missing value: NA. Not a number: nan. Version: 2.5 - July 2017. Comment: Using Penman equation for ET. Creators: Santiago Beguería - santiago.begueria_add_the_at_symbol_csic.es and Sergio Vicente-Serrano - svicen_add_the_at_symbol_ipe.csic.es.'
##     c <- paste('./outputTxt/spei_',lo,'_',la,'.csv',sep='')
##     write.table(b,c,row.names=FALSE,col.names=FALSE)
##     write.table(round(a,5),c,append=TRUE,row.names=FALSE,col.names=TRUE,sep=',',quote=FALSE)
##     system(paste('gzip',c))
##     #return(print(paste(lo,la,sep=', ')))
##     rm(lons,lats,lo,la,x,y,z,a,b,c)
##     gc()
##     return()
## }
## # toText(co[20000,],d)
## 
## apply(co, MARGIN=1, FUN=toText, d)
## 
## # Parallel: doesn't work due to multiple access to same files
## #library(snowfall)
## #sfInit(parallel=TRUE,cpus=10)
## #sfApply(co,margin=1,fun=toText,d)
## #sfStop()
## 
## #system(paste('gzip',ff))
## 
## 
## Any help in figuring out what went wrong would be greatly appreciated. I have never really dealt with NC files and I'm relatively new to R.
## I tried both codes but the second one to convert NC to text resulted in an error: Error in d[[s]] : subscript out of bounds, which suggests an issue with the matrix.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |0           |3           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76396351|16    |0     |r,raster,sentinel,satellite                                                   |2023-06-03 13:40:26Z |Johnny                      | 22013540|1          |I ama trying to merge two RastertStack satellite data located just about over each other. I want to have them both in a single plot and I already set their extent to ESPG:3857.
## I use the code:
## MergedMap<-merge(StackedBands1,StackedBands3,tolerance=0.05, filename="MergedMap",overlap=FALSE,ext=NULL,overwrite=TRUE)
## 
## StackBands1 - 4 layers of different bands from Sentinel from location one
## StackBands2 - 4 Layers of different bands from Sentinel from location two
## These two location are just beside each other and I want to have them on a single plot. After running the code they are turned into a rasterbrick and errors shows up while plotting them. There must be something wrong with my code so if someone can help. Thank you :)
## MergedMap<-merge(StackedBands1,StackedBands3,tolerance=0.05,filename="MergedMap",overlap=FALSE,ext=NULL,overwrite=TRUE)
## There were 50 or more warnings (use warnings() to see the first 50)
## 
## > plotRGB(MergedMap, r=4,g=3,b=2, axes = TRUE, stretch = "lin", main = "False Color Composite")
## Error in if (x@file@nodatavalue < 0) { : 
##   missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
## 
## > warning(MergedMap)
## Warning message:
## brick(ncol=10980, nrow=10980, nl=4, xmn=0, xmx=10980, ymn=0, ymx=10980, crs='+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0 +lon_0=0 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +k=1 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +wktext +no_defs') 
## 
## I thought maybe there's no other way to stitch or merge two rasterstack layers and just have to do it on QGIS. But I want to find a way to have them. Do I have to edit the extent of these objects?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |0         |0           |0           |Phil              |2023-06-03 21:08:32Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76396349|25    |0     |r,subset,correlation,pairwise                                                 |2023-06-03 13:39:53Z |Tig                         | 22013069|1          |I have a dataset (con) divided in 2 groups (A and B) and for each sample from group A (1-5), group B has a correspondent sample (1-5), each sample has different measures (zinc, iron, cadmium) pertaining to it.
## My intended goal is making a correlation test between A1-B1;A2-B2;A3-B3,...measures
## My question is, is there a way to make such a individual correlation and then trace a linear model graph or if i can just separate the groups and do a cor.tes() between the two subsets
## I have created two different subsets (conA, conB), using
## cor.tes(conA$Zinc,conB$Zinc, method="spearman",exact=FALSE) to get the overall correlation for each measure
## but I wanted to make each pair wise correlation which i dont think its dont its been done this way.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |0           |Progman           |2023-06-03 13:40:30Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76396323|14    |0     |r,gwmodel,spgwr                                                               |2023-06-03 13:30:49Z |gagrochowski                | 22009967|1          |I´m trying to run a GWR code with spgwr in R and I´m having a lot of hardships. I´m trying to run a Hedonic Model into GWR, using a point shapefile that I´ve prepared from a database of real estate transactions in my city, but I can´t run the model in any given form. My hedonic model, that is based on a multiple regression model, is extrapolated to GWR, as it is considered as the global regression. It uses numeric and categoric variables, and is used in the code below.
## ## Script - GWR ##
## 
## # Step 1: Install Packages
## # ---------------------------
## if (!require("sp")) install.packages("sp")
## library(sp)
## if (!require("tmap")) install.packages("tmap")
## library(tmap)
## if (!require("spdep")) install.packages("spdep")
## library(spdep)
## if (!require("spData")) install.packages("spData")
## library(spData)
## if (!require("sf")) install.packages("sf")
## library(sf)
## if (!require("classInt")) install.packages("classInt")
## library(classInt)
## if (!require("maptools")) install.packages("maptools")
## library(maptools)
## if (!require("GISTools")) install.packages("GISTools")
## library(GISTools)
## if (!require("spgwr")) install.packages("spgwr")
## library(spgwr)
## if (!require("GWmodel")) install.packages("GWmodel")
## library(GWmodel)
## if(!require(rgdal)){install.packages('rgdal')}
## library(rgdal)
## if(!require(terra)){install.packages('terra')}
## library(terra)
## 
## # Step 2: Read Shape
## # ---------------------------
## map <- readOGR("E:/SHP/2010/ITBI_TRANS-2010_0.shp")
## head(map@data)
## 
## # Step 3: Definition of the Influencing Variables
## # ---------------------------
## bwG_1 <- gwr.sel(map$X._M2_CORR ~ map$DIST_BRT + map$ANO_CONST + map$AREA_CONST + map$P_ACAB + map$TP_CONST + map$I_CENT, data = map, gweight = gwr.Gauss, verbose = FALSE)
## 
## gwrG_1 <- gwr(map$X._M2_CORR ~ map$DIST_BRT + map$ANO_CONST + map$AREA_CONST + map$P_ACAB + map$TP_CONST + map$I_CENT, data = map, bandwidth = bwG_1, gweight = gwr.Gauss)
## 
## Gaussian.summary_1 <- summary(gwrG_1$SDF)
## 
## Gaussian.stats_1 <- gwr.basic(map$X._M2_CORR ~ map$DIST_BRT + map$ANO_CONST + map$AREA_CONST + map$P_ACAB + map$TP_CONST + map$I_CENT, data = map, bw = bwG_1, kernel = "gaussian")
## 
## spplot(gwrG_1$SDF, "localR2", col = "black", main = "teste")
## 
## ## Save Map ein .shp
## writeOGR(gwrG_1$SDF, dsn = "~/Desktop", overwrite_layer = TRUE, layer = "gwr.shp", driver = "ESRI Shapefile")
## 
## The error from this try is described below:
## > Error in gwr(map$X._M2_CORR ~ map$DIST_BRT + map$ANO_CONST + map$AREA_CONST +  : 
##   new data matrix rows mismatch
## > warnings()
## Mensagens de aviso:
## 1: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 2: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 3: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 4: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 5: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 6: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 7: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 8: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 9: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 10: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 11: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 12: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 13: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 14: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 15: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 16: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 17: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 18: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 19: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 20: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 21: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 22: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 23: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 24: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 25: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 26: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 27: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 28: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 29: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 30: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 31: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 32: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 33: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 34: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 35: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 36: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 37: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 38: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 39: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 40: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 41: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 42: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 43: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 44: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 45: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 46: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 47: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 48: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 49: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 50: In w.i * weights :
##   longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length
## 
## It appears to be an error with bandwidth matrix, that have one value only. I really don´t know what to do more. Search into the forum and also asked chat GPT, but I don´t have a clue of what is going. I would be greatful with any help.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |0         |0           |0           |gagrochowski      |2023-06-03 14:19:04Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76396291|8     |0     |r,plot,tree                                                                   |2023-06-03 13:20:46Z |Junjie HE                   | 22013459|1          |I am doing conditional inference tree analysis using the partykit package in R. I want to plot any tree that is extracted from the forest grown by cforest(). But I got an error message when I am trying with the plot function. The following is a chunk of codes that may produce the like error message with the iris data. Answers are appreciated. Thank you!
## Code:
## library(partykit)
## cf <- cforest(Species ~., data=iris)
## tr <- gettree(cf, tree=1)
## plot(tr)
## Errors in console:
## Error in Summary.factor(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, :
## ‘min’ not meaningful for factors
## I am expecting plots for individual trees in the cforest() result.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76396233|11    |0     |r,tidyverse,cluster-computing,purrr                                           |2023-06-03 13:03:43Z |Ranji Raj                   | 14512983|748        |I am working on the following code to produce some clusters
## #Grouping pupils as per their performance at two intermediate examinations----
## library(tidyverse)
## library(purrr)
## library(cluster)
## student <- read_csv("clustering-student-mat.csv") #In workspace
## #student
## K <- 2:8
## list_clu_res <- vector("list", length(K))
## 
## list_clu_res <- map(K, ~kmeans(student %>% select(Exam1, Exam2), centers = .))
## for(i in seq_along(K)) {
##   student_clu <- student %>%
##     bind_cols(tibble(cluster = list_clu_res[[i]]$cluster)) %>%
##     mutate(cluster = factor(cluster))
##   # Filter points that lie on a cluster's convex hull
##   student_hull <- student_clu %>%
##     split(.$cluster) %>%
##     map(~ slice(., chull(.$Exam1, .$Exam2))) %>%
##     do.call("rbind", .)
##   print(ggplot(student_clu, aes(Exam1, Exam2, color = cluster, fill = cluster)) +
##           geom_polygon(data = student_hull, alpha = .5, color = "black") +
##           geom_point(pch = 21) +
##           geom_point(data = student_clu %>%
##                        group_by(cluster) %>%
##                        summarize_all(mean), shape = "+", color = "black",
##                      size = 8) +
##           guides(fill = FALSE, color = FALSE) +
##           labs(title = str_c("k=", K[i])))
## }
## 
## But when I invoked the map() it gives the following error:
## Error in the.map$names : $ operator is invalid for atomic vectors
## 
## The code worked few days back but now when I am running again it gives this error.
## Data here
## Any help is appreciated to fix the code.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |4           |17          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76396165|23    |0     |r,geolocation,geospatial,sf,rgdal                                             |2023-06-03 12:47:51Z |Usman YousafZai             |  1535580|1,018      |How to create a gridline of 7*7 sqkm using Latitude and Longitude values. These values should be the centroid value of a single square in the grid. I am not sure if I am doing it in the right way. I tried st_make_grid from sf (Simple Features) library but that shows me an empty plot.
## MyGrid <- st_make_grid(DF, cellsize = c(0.07, 0.07), square = TRUE, crs = 4326) 
## 
## Below is my example DF
## DF <- structure(list(lat = c(43.25724, 43.25724, 43.25724, 43.25616, 
## 43.25616, 43.25616), lon = c(-96.01955, -95.98172, -95.92336, 
## -96.40973, -96.25733, -96.17735)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
## 6L))
## 
## ## > DF
## ##        lat       lon
## ## 1 43.25724 -96.01955
## ## 2 43.25724 -95.98172
## ## 3 43.25724 -95.92336
## ## 4 43.25616 -96.40973
## ## 5 43.25616 -96.25733
## ## 6 43.25616 -96.17735
## 
## Thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |4         |17          |43          |I_O               |2023-06-03 13:32:47Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76395825|37    |0     |r,class,matrix,numeric                                                        |2023-06-03 11:22:41Z |s28                         | 21573410|29         |I have several matrices and I would like to apply something like
## class(matrix) <- "numeric" to all of them at once, i.e. the class of all matrices should be changed to numeric.
## Do you know how to do this?
## dput(matrix[1:3,]) results in structure(c(285.789361223578, 282.564165145159, 273.633228540421,  256.789452806115, 260.808130130172, 241.718192100525, 266.765343174338,  267.881099879742, 250.710165724158, 284.365977942944, 281.670583188534,  268.735618144274, 264.118778035045, 262.856532484293, 254.31867428124,  286.250801086426, 284.585711210966, 268.984649181366, 286.17267370224,  284.429456442595, 267.478255555034, 275.10055847466, 274.141056537628,  259.477523118258, 246.454664766788, 252.470473349094, 232.699362188578,  284.998321458697, 283.73363442719, 269.555955678225, 0, 0, 0), dim = c(3L,  11L), dimnames = list(NULL, c("", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",  "", "", "vec")))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |0         |0           |5           |s28               |2023-06-03 11:32:37Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76395807|8     |0     |r,spatial,kriging,gstat                                                       |2023-06-03 11:18:47Z |Candy                       |  4849505|1          |I am trying to use universal kriging on some irregular data. I keep getting an error:
## Error in chol.default(A) :
## the leading minor of order 2 is not positive definite
## When I run the krigST command.
## Here is a sample of my data:
## 
## long
## lat
## date_from
## date_to
## var1
## var2
## var3
## var4
## resp
## tid
## spid
## 144.12
## -33.73
## 2019-01-03
## 2019-02-02
## 700
## 103
## 48.6
## 4.93
## -4.04
## 1
## 1
## 144.46
## -32.59
## 2019-01-03
## 2019-02-02
## 698
## 89
## 65.8
## 16.69
## -2.93
## 1
## 2
## 144.98
## -31.05
## 2019-01-03
## 2019-02-02
## 1947
## 145
## 145.4
## 8.22
## -7.05
## 1
## 3
## 144.46
## -32.59
## 2019-01-07
## 2019-02-06
## 686
## 95
## 61.4
## 7.03
## -3.94
## 2
## 2
## 145.44
## -33.25
## 2019-01-07
## 2019-02-06
## 637
## 151
## 25
## 7.76
## -5.09
## 2
## 4
## 146.15
## -34.01
## 2019-01-07
## 2019-02-06
## 849
## 75
## 11
## 9.86
## -5.46
## 2
## 6
## 145.8
## -33.45
## 2019-02-03
## 2019-03-02
## 704
## 90
## 14.2
## 10.91
## -5.28
## 3
## 5
## 146.15
## -34.01
## 2019-02-03
## 2019-03-02
## 15
## 1
## 12.9
## 8.4
## -3.41
## 3
## 6
## 144.98
## -31.05
## 2019-03-13
## 2019-04-12
## 975
## 153
## 87.3
## 13.09
## -6.1
## 4
## 3
## 145.44
## -33.25
## 2019-03-13
## 2019-04-12
## 1025
## 124
## 33.4
## 22.13
## -6.89
## 4
## 4
## 144.46
## -32.59
## 2019-04-22
## 2019-05-21
## 264
## 192
## 20
## 5.52
## -4.28
## 5
## 2
## 145.44
## -33.25
## 2019-04-22
## 2019-05-21
## 530
## 136
## 17.2
## 9.27
## -5.48
## 5
## 4
## 145.8
## -33.45
## 2019-04-22
## 2019-05-21
## 790
## 87
## 16.6
## 15.63
## -6.57
## 5
## 5
## 145.8
## -33.45
## 2019-05-03
## 2019-06-02
## 1074
## 67
## 19.7
## 9.35
## -6.94
## 6
## 5
## 146.15
## -34.01
## 2019-05-03
## 2019-06-02
## 140
## 7
## 49.1
## 13.98
## -3.12
## 6
## 6
## 144.98
## -31.05
## 2019-06-02
## 2019-07-01
## 1104
## 126
## 21.2
## 17.88
## -6.96
## 7
## 3
## 144.46
## -32.59
## 2019-06-03
## 2019-07-02
## 351
## 174
## 61
## 7.45
## -5.14
## 8
## 2
## 145.44
## -33.25
## 2019-06-03
## 2019-07-02
## 573
## 122
## 1.4
## 13.98
## -6.42
## 8
## 4
## 146.15
## -34.01
## 2019-06-03
## 2019-07-02
## 651
## 53
## 12.4
## 9.06
## -6.21
## 8
## 6
## 145.8
## -33.45
## 2019-07-15
## 2019-08-14
## 1058
## 75
## 11.8
## 12.73
## -6.77
## 9
## 5
## 
## This is the code I'm using:
## dat<- read.csv("mydat.csv")
## 
## 
## #load libraries
## library(gstat)
## library(sp)
## library(spacetime)
## 
## #Format lat and long & remove the duplicates
## COOR=unique(cbind(dat$long,dat$lat))
## 
## #create SpatialPoints object from coordinates CRS stands for Coordinate reference system
## COOR.formatted=SpatialPoints(COOR,proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84"))
## 
## #create index  for STSDF object
## (index <- matrix(cbind(dat$spid, dat$tid), nrow= length(dat$spid), ncol=2, byrow = FALSE ))
## 
## dataframe<-data.frame(var1 = dat$var1,var2=dat$var2,
##                       var3 = dat$var3,var4 = dat$var4, resp = dat$resp,
##                       lat=dat$lat,     lat.sq=dat$lat^2, ID=paste("ID",1:nrow(dat)))
## DATE.formatted <- unique(as.Date(dat$date_from))
## DATE.formatted.end <- as.POSIXct(unique(as.Date(dat$date_to)))
## datST = STSDF(COOR.formatted, DATE.formatted,  dataframe, 
##               index, endTime=DATE.formatted.end )
## 
## 
## summary(datST)
## #################################create some theoretical models###################
## var.uk.o=variogramST(resp~ var1+var2+var3+var4,
##                      datST,tlags=0:7, 
##                      na.omit=TRUE,)
## plot(var.uk.o)
## type <-c("Exp", "Sph")
## psill=2
## spatialVgm = vgm(psill=psill,type[1], range=120, nugget=0)
## temporalVgm=vgm(psill=psill,type[1], range=150, nugget=0)
## jointVgm = vgm(psill=psill,type[2], range=120, nugget=0)
## fit.ssum.o = vgmST("sumMetric", space = spatialVgm, 
##                    time = temporalVgm, 
##                    joint = jointVgm, 
##                    nugget = 0, 
##                    stAni = 25)
## fit.ssum.o=fit.StVariogram(var.uk.o,  
##                            fit.ssum.o ,fit.method = 8)
## #this is where it goes wrong. 
## pred.a <- krigeST(resp~1,
##                   data=datST, newdata=datST,
##                   modelList=fit.ssum.o)
## pred.b <- krigeST(resp~var1+var2+var3+var4,
##                   data=datST, newdata=datST,
##                   modelList=fit.ssum.o)
## #I tried increasing the value of the response variable but I still get the error. 
## dat$resp= dat$resp+10000
## 
## 
## 
## I tried to increase the response variable to move it away from zero, because my data is very noisy, but it doesn't work (I've tried small increments 10, 20, 50....1000, 10000 nothing works. I added the optional endTime option in the STSDF object but that didn't work either.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |3           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76395682|47    |0     |r,dataframe,join,merge                                                        |2023-06-03 10:42:15Z |Usman YousafZai             |  1535580|1,018      |I have two data frames with Latitude , Longitude and speed values. DF1 has three values after the decimal point and DF2 has five values after the decimal point respectively. I want to merge DF1 and DF2 by Latitude and Longitude but by first 4 values. If the first four values of Lat and Long are matching then merge the rest of column in resultant DF. But I also want to keep the values after three decimal point that are existing in DF2. If the Lat and Long are not matching their first four values then ill ignore it. Below is the example for more clarification.
## Thanks
## DF1
## 
## A_Lat
## A_Long
## A_Speed
## 5.667
## 2.443
## 1345
## 
## DF1 <- structure(list(A_Lat = c(5.667, 5.667, 5.667, 5.667, 5.663, 5.662
## ), A_Long = c(2.443, 2.445, 2.445, 2.445, 2.445, 2.445), A_Speed = c(1345L, 
## 3551L, 3551L, 3551L, 3551L, 3551L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
## 6L))
## 
## DF2
## 
## B_Lat
## B_Long
## B_Speed
## 5.66781
## 2.44323
## 2345
## 
## DF2 <- structure(list(B_Lat = c(5.66781, 5.66783, 5.66743, 5.66723, 
## 5.66734, 5.66712), B_Long = c(2.44323, 2.44534, 2.44523, 2.44512, 
## 2.44512, 2.44543), B_Speed = c(2345L, 4551L, 5551L, 7551L, 7551L, 
## 8551L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 6L))
## 
## Resultant DF
## 
## R_Lat
## R_Long
## R_B_Speed
## R_A_Speed
## 5.66781
## 2.44323
## 2345
## 1345                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |4         |17          |43          |I_O               |2023-06-03 11:15:44Z, 2023-06-03 13:24:05Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76395579|11    |0     |r,shiny,publish,flexdashboard                                                 |2023-06-03 10:14:15Z |Enrique Villa Coronado      | 20848352|1          |I want to publish dashboard (flexdashboard) in shinyapp.io (R) but i constantly get the error:
## "Error detecting locale: Error in make.names(col.names, unique = TRUE): invalid multibyte string 3
## (Using default: en_US)"
## I researched and found nothing weird (non-ASCII) characters in my CSV.
## My code runs well in local but when i try to publish it, never works.
## I believe this is the critical part of the code:
## ---
## title: "Airbus Defence & Space"
## output: 
##   flexdashboard::flex_dashboard:
##     orientation: columns
##     social: ["linkedin"]
##     vertical_layout: fill
##     source_code: embed
##     theme:
##       version: 4
##       primary: "#0000FF"
##       navbar-bg: "#3ADAC6"
##       base_font: 
##         google: Prompt
##       heading_font:
##         google: Sen
##       code_font:
##         google: 
##           # arguments to sass::font_google() 
##           family: JetBrains Mono
##           local: false
## runtime: shiny
## ---
## 
## '''{r setup, include=FALSE}
##  (a bunch of libraries)
## # rsconnect::deploy app
##  library(rsconnect)
##  library(MASS)
##  rsconnect::deployApp("C:/Users/kiker/Documents/RDashBoards/Airbus")
##  rsconnect::setAccountInfo(name='<username>',
##               token='<token>',
##               secret='<secret>')
## (in my code i have my username, token and secret well written)
## 
## df <- read.csv('C:/Users/kiker/Documents/RDashBoards/airbus_raw_data.csv', encoding = "UTF-8")
## #df <- load("df.RData")
## data(df)
## save(df, file = "df.RData")
## #Init Variables
## ord_df <- df %>% select(-matches("Del&#124;Opr"))
## names(ord_df) <- gsub("^Ord_", "", names(ord_df))
## del_df <- df %>% select(-matches("Ord&#124;Opr"))
## names(del_df) <- gsub("^Del_", "", names(del_df))
## opr_df <- df %>% select(-matches("Ord&#124;Del"))
## names(opr_df) <- gsub("^Opr_", "", names(opr_df))
## aircraft <- ord_df %>% select(-matches("Reg&#124;Cou&#124;All"))
## aircraft <- names(aircraft)
## country <- sort(as.character(df$Country))
## '''
## 
## I tried to set apart the .rmd file alone in a new folder as well, but really found no real good answer yet. Would appreciate a lot any help :)
## This is how it looks now:
## Folder
## I am expecing to see the dashboard published correctly in shinyapp.io, as now I can see the status is "running" but shows in the logger:
## This is the whole Deploy log in R:
## Preparing to deploy document...DONE
## Uploading bundle for document: 9208413...Detecting system locale ... DONE
## Deploying bundle: 7299931 for document: 9208413 ...
## Waiting for task: 1306343830
##   building: Building image: 8667442
##   building: Installing system dependencies
##   building: Fetching packages
##   building: Installing packages
##   building: Installing files
##   building: Pushing image: 8667442
##   deploying: Starting instances
##   rollforward: Activating new instances
##   unstaging: Stopping old instances
## Document successfully deployed to https://enriquevillacoronado.shinyapps.io/Airbus_FlexDashBoard_Shiny/
## Deployment completed: https://enriquevillacoronado.shinyapps.io/Airbus_FlexDashBoard_Shiny/
## Warning message:
## Error detecting locale: Error in make.names(col.names, unique = TRUE): invalid multibyte string 3
##  (Using default: en_US) 
## 
## This is the .csv file:
## CSV File                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76395522|38    |0     |r,dataûtable,reshape                                                          |2023-06-03 09:59:52Z |SUMIT                       | 15021889|563        |Now, I have the same input data frame:
## AAA <- c('APIS', 'APIS', 'PIPIS', 'AGAROS', 'AGAROS', 'AGAROS', 'NOTHING')
## BBB <- c('a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'c', NA)
## CCC <- c(1, 2, NA, 4, 5, 6, 7)
## DDD <- c("Mat", "ASG", "MNT", "NBEH", "DJ", "EU", "DHR")
## test.data <- data.frame(AAA, BBB, CCC, DDD)
## test.data
## 
## I want to reshape it so that each unique "AAA" variable become single row. Multiple entry of the "AAA" variable automatically become new column with suffix or prefix 1,2,3..... Sort of like this:
## AAA <- c('APIS', 'PIPIS', 'AGAROS', 'NOTHING')
## BBB_1 <- c('a', 'a', 'b', NA)
## CCC_1 <- c(1, NA, 4, 7)
## DDD_1 <- c("Mat", "MNT", "NBEH", "DHR")
## 
## BBB_2 <- c('a', NA, 'b', NA)
## CCC_2 <- c(2, NA, 5, NA)
## DDD_2 <- c("ASG", NA, "DJ", NA)
## 
## BBB_3 <- c(NA, NA, 'c', NA)
## CCC_3 <- c(NA, NA, 6, NA)
## DDD_3 <- c(NA, NA, "EU", NA)
## 
## output <- data.frame(AAA, BBB_1, CCC_1, DDD_1, BBB_2, CCC_2, DDD_2, 
##                         BBB_3, CCC_3, DDD_3)
## output
## 
## I've looked at melt and cast and a few other things, but none seem to do the job.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |4           |12          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76395332|16    |0     |r,google-drive-api,export,readxl                                              |2023-06-03 09:06:50Z |12666727b9                  | 14712320|1,007      |In a general folder, I have this subset of subfolders which I would like to open iteratively to download datasets in .xlsx format
## These are the subfolders that as you could see have a specific pattern name
## 
## and within each of them, there is a .xlsx dataset
## 
## named aas similarly as the main subfolder where it is contained
## I was wondering on extract them using some iterative function. Based on code I have found through the forum I have found something that I have readapted as for loop, but with no results.
## url = 'urlnamexxx'
## for (folder in url) {
##   temp <- tempfile(fileext = ".xlsx")
##   download.file(url, temp)
##   readxl::read_xlsx(temp)
## }
## 
## Could you please give some suggestions?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |8           |19          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76395254|57    |1     |r,vector,match,sapply                                                         |2023-06-03 08:45:50Z |Anti                        |  7128113|353        |I have a long numeric vector x. For every element i in that vector I'd like to know the index of the next subsequent element (in x[(i+1):length(x)] that is greater or equal than the current value in x plus a given number, and smaller than the current value x minus a given number, i.e. x[i] <= 0.5 and x[i] >= 0.5. If no element in x[(i+1):length(x)] fulfills that criterion, the code should return 1e+06.
## I'm able to solve this with a loop, but this is rather slow. Thus, I thought about using a function and apply it on the vector x. I thought about using sapply, however, with the code below I didn't succeed. What's wrong? Which other way could you suggest to return a matrix with 2 rows or 2 columns for every entry in x that returns the indices?
## Here is the code I tried:
## x <- cumsum(rnorm(1000000))
## 
## fun <- function(x) {
##   val     <- x[1]
##   x       <- x[-1]
##   hit.max <- which(x >= val + 0.5)
##   hit.max <- ifelse(length(hit.max) > 0 , min(hit.max), 1e+06)
##   hit.min <- which(x >= val - 0.5)
##   hit.min <- ifelse(length(hit.min) > 0 , min(hit.min), 1e+06)
##   return(c(hit.max, hit.min))
## }
## 
## k <- sapply(x, fun)
## 
## As requested, here is an example. As mentioned above, I'm able to solve the task with a loop (that's what I've done below):
## x <- c(5, 6, 3, 1, 4, 10, 9, 2, 7, 8)
## 
## res <- matrix(nrow = 10, ncol = 2)
## for (i in 1:10) {
##   hit.max   <- which(x[(i + 1):length(x)] >= x[i] + 0.5)
##   res[i, 1] <- ifelse(length(hit.max) > 0 , min(hit.max), length(x))
##   hit.min   <- which(x[(i + 1):length(x)] <= x[i] - 0.5)
##   res[i, 2] <- ifelse(length(hit.min) > 0 , min(hit.min), length(x))
## }
## 
## The result would look like this:
## res <- structure(c(1L, 4L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 10L, 10L, 1L, 1L, 10L, 2L, 1L, 
## 1L, 10L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 10L, 10L, 10L), dim = c(10L, 2L))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |14          |Anti              |2023-06-03 13:07:54Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76395142|26    |0     |r,pdf,latex,title,quarto                                                      |2023-06-03 08:14:59Z |MYaseen208                  |   707145|22,494     |I'm interested in including the title page (have a title page as a .png image) and back page (have a title page as a .png image) in a quarto book that will be rendered as a PDF file. I tried the following code, however, I did not get the desired output. I would like to know the steps or methods to accomplish this.
## ---
## book:
##   title: "Title"
##   author: "MYaseen208"
## format:
##   pdf:
##     documentclass: scrreprt
##     toc: true
##     toc-depth: 3
##     include-in-header:
##       - text: &#124;
##           \usepackage{lipsum}
##           \usepackage{geometry}
##           \geometry{a4paper, total={170mm,257mm}, left=20mm, top=20mm, bottom=20mm, right=50mm}
## ---
## 
## # Introduction
## 
## \lipsum[1-50] 
## 
## # Material and Methods
## 
## \lipsum[1-20]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |36        |161         |304         |MYaseen208        |2023-06-03 08:20:24Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76395098|22    |0     |r,ggplot2,dot-plot                                                            |2023-06-03 07:58:49Z |Saleh Sarwar                | 22012056|1          |I want to create such a dotplot with dotplot of clusterprofiler. Here you can see that the Ontology terms are arranged on same plot with labels at the left of the plot. I was wondering if this can be done in a way that top five ontology terms for "Molecular function", "Cellular Components" and "Biological Processes" on the same plot with "Molecular function" terms on top with it's label on the left and then "Cellular Components" top five terms and so on.
## Can anybody please help me how to do that ? The solution shouldn't necessarily use clusterprofiler, doing all this with ggplot can also be helpful.
## The desired outcome
## Edit:
## Here is an example data that I made with Chatgpt.
## top_enriched <- data.frame(
##   Category = rep(c("MF", "CC", "BP"), each = 5),
##   Description = c(
##     "DNA binding",
##     "Kinase activity",
##     "Transporter activity",
##     "Cytoskeleton",
##     "Plasma membrane",
##     "Metabolic process",
##     "Cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process",
##     "Protein metabolic process",
##     "Cellular component organization",
##     "Nucleus",
##     "Signal transduction",
##     "Cytoplasm",
##     "Ribosome biogenesis",
##     "Mitochondrial organization",
##     "Cell cycle"
##   ),
##   p.adjust = runif(15, 0, 0.05),
##   Count = sample(5:20, 15, replace = TRUE),
##   GeneRatio = runif(15, 0.5, 1)
## )
## 
## 
## 
## 
## ggplot(top_enriched, aes(x = GeneRatio, y = Description, color = p.adjust, size = Count)) +
##   geom_point() +
##   facet_grid(Category ~ .) +
##   scale_color_gradient(low = "blue", high = "red") +
##   ylab("")
## 
## The results of the code is shown in below image
## The result of the above code
## In my real data I have separated the top five terms for each Ontology and made a separate data frame for that. The problem is if I use Facet grid it displays the description in all of the subplot of all of the Ontology terms. I rather want it to have the description related to the specific Ontology term on the subplot.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |0           |Saleh Sarwar      |2023-06-03 18:34:38Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76394809|20    |-1    |r,dataframe,sorting                                                           |2023-06-03 06:27:33Z |RedRageChicken              | 22011703|1          |UPDATE:  Q - Is there a better way of doing this?
## rows.contain.nineteen.ten <- head(summer.url.df, 30)
## Separates rows 1-30.
## #The next question requires further separating another date from the column list of dates and I came up with this...
## rows.contain.twenty.three.ten <- summer.url.df[31:55, ]
## #I need to create a variable filtering for all rows based on a numerical value of 201910.
## #Filter or select rows from within a data frame.
## read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/orban-classroom/Statistics-with-R/master/2023-spring/data/2300data.csv")
## #I see that rows [1:30] have the 201910 value, but I don't know how to ask R to separate those rows from the rest of the rows.
## #Trying to figure this out from the free Learning Statistics with R textbook. https://learningstatisticswithr.com/                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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## | 76394793|11    |0     |r,bayesian,stan,ordinal                                                       |2023-06-03 06:19:14Z |Chris S                     | 21991918|11         |I was wondering how one can use Stan to generate prior and posterior predictive distributions for partial proportional odds (PPO) models? I've provided code for an unconstrained PPO model below with my attempt of generating a posterior predictive distribution, not sure if it's correct, and where to start to code up a prior predictive distribution. Any help for this and the constrained model would be most helpful!
## Unconstrained PPO model Stan code:
## functions {
##   // pointwise log-likelihood contributions
##   vector pw_log_lik(vector alpha, vector beta, matrix tau,
##                     row_vector[] X, row_vector[] Z, int[] y) {
##     int N = size(X);
##     vector[N] out;
##     int k = max(y); // assumes all possible categories are observed
##     int j;
##     real cj;
##     real cj1;
##     for (n in 1:N) {
##       real eta = X[n] * beta;
##       j = y[n];
##       if (j == 1)        cj  = -( alpha[1] + eta );
##       else if (j == 2)   cj  = alpha[1] + eta;
##       else               cj  = alpha[j - 1] + eta + Z[n] * tau[ , j - 2];
##       if(j > 1 && j < k) cj1 = alpha[j] + eta + Z[n] * tau[ , j - 1];
##       
##       if (j == 1 &#124;&#124; j == k) out[n] = log_inv_logit(cj);
##       //    else out[n] = log(1./(1. + exp(-cj)) - 1./(1. + exp(-cj1)));
##       else out[n] = log_diff_exp(-log1p_exp(- cj),
##                                  -log1p_exp(- cj1));
##       //            else out[n] = log(-log1p_exp(-cj) + log1p_exp(-cj1));
##     }
##     return out;
##   }
##   
##   // Pr(y == j)
##   matrix Pr(vector alpha, vector beta, matrix tau,
##             row_vector[] X, row_vector[] Z, int[] y) {
##     int N = size(X);
##     int k = max(y); // assumes all possible categories are observed
##     matrix[N, k] out;
##     
##     for(n in 1:N) {
##       real eta = X[n] * beta ;
##       for(j in 1 : k) {
##         real cj;
##         real cj1;
##         if (j == 1)        cj  = -( alpha[1] + eta );
##         else if (j == 2)   cj  = alpha[1] + eta;
##         else               cj  = alpha[j - 1] + eta + Z[n] * tau[ , j - 2];
##         if(j > 1 && j < k) cj1 = alpha[j] + eta + Z[n] * tau[ , j - 1];
##         
##         if (j == 1 &#124;&#124; j == k) out[n, j] = log_inv_logit(cj);
##         //else out[n, j] = log(1./(1. + exp(-cj)) - 1./(1. + exp(-cj1)));
##         // else  out[n, j] = log_diff_exp(-log1p_exp(-cj),
##                                           //                              -log1p_exp(-cj1));
##         else out[n, j] = log(-log1p_exp(-cj) + log1p_exp(-cj1));
##       }
##     }
##     return exp(out);
##   }
## }
## data {
##   int<lower = 1> N;   // number of observations
##   int<lower = 1> p;   // number of predictors
##   int<lower = 1> q;   // number of non-PO predictors in Z
##   matrix[N, p] X;     // matrix of CENTERED predictors
##   matrix[N, q] Z;     // matrix of CENTERED PPO predictors
##   int<lower = 2> k;   // number of outcome categories
##   int<lower = 1, upper = k> y[N]; // outcome on 1 ... k
##   
##   // prior standard deviations
##   real<lower = 0> sds;
##   real<lower = 0> sdsppo;
##   real<lower = 0> conc;
## }
## 
## transformed data {
##   row_vector[p] Xr[N];
##   row_vector[q] Zr[N];
##   for (n in 1:N) Xr[n] = X[n, ];
##   for (n in 1:N) Zr[n] = Z[n, ];
## }
## 
## parameters {
##   vector[p] beta; // coefficients on X
##   matrix[q, k - 2] tau;  // coefficients on Z
##   simplex[k] pi;  // category probabilities for a person w/ average predictors
## }
## 
## transformed parameters {
##   vector[k - 1] alpha;                               // intercepts
##   vector[N] log_lik;                                 // log-likelihood pieces
##   for (j in 2:k) alpha[j - 1] = logit(sum(pi[j:k])); // predictors are CENTERED
##   log_lik = pw_log_lik(alpha, beta, tau, Xr, Zr, y);
## }
## 
## model {
##   target += log_lik;
##   target += dirichlet_lpdf(pi &#124; rep_vector(conc, k));
##   target += normal_lpdf(beta &#124; 0, sds);
##   for (j in 1:(k - 2)) target += normal_lpdf(tau[ , j] &#124; 0, sdsppo);
## }
## 
## //generated quantities {
##   //  vector[p] OR = -beta - tau[1,1];
##   //  vector[N] y_rep;
##   //  for (n in 1:N)
##     //    y_rep[n] = ordered_logistic_rng(X[n]*beta + Z[n]*tau[,1], -alpha);
##     //}
## 
## Constrained PPO model:
## functions {
##   // pointwise log-likelihood contributions
##   vector pw_log_lik(vector alpha, vector beta, vector tau, vector pposcore, 
##           row_vector[] X, row_vector[] Z, int[] y) 
##                       {
##     int N = size(X);
##     vector[N] out;
##     int k = max(y); // assumes all possible categories are observed
##         real zeta = 0.;
##         real r = 0.;
##         real r2 = 0.;
##         real ca;
##     real ca1;
##         int a;
##         int q = size(Z) > 0 ? cols(Z[1]) : 0;
##     for (n in 1:N) {
##       real eta  = X[n] * beta;
##             if(q > 0)  zeta = Z[n] * tau;
##       a = y[n];    
##               if(q == 0) {  // PO
##               if (a == 1)        ca  = -(alpha[1]     + eta);
##               else if (a == 2)   ca  =   alpha[1]     + eta;
##               else               ca  =   alpha[a - 1] + eta;
##                 if(a > 1 && a < k) ca1 =   alpha[a]     + eta;
##                 }
##                 else {
##               if (a == 1)        ca  = -( alpha[1]     + eta + pposcore[2]   * zeta);
##               else if (a == 2)   ca  =    alpha[1]     + eta + pposcore[2]   * zeta;
##               else               ca  =    alpha[a - 1] + eta + pposcore[a]   * zeta;
##                 if(a > 1 && a < k) ca1 =    alpha[a]     + eta + pposcore[a+1] * zeta;
##                 }
##       if (a == 1 &#124;&#124; a == k) out[n] = log_inv_logit(ca);
##             else out[n]  = log(1./(1. + exp(-ca)) - 1./(1. + exp(-ca1)));
##              // if(q > 0) r = pposcore[a] * zeta;
##             //  out[n] = log_inv_logit(alpha[a-1] + eta + r);
##     }
##     return out;
##   }
## }
## 
## data {
##   int<lower = 1> N;   // number of observations
##   int<lower = 1> p;   // number of predictors
##     int<lower = 0> q;   // number of non-PO predictors in Z
##   int<lower = 2> k;   // number of outcome categories
##     int<lower = 0, upper = k> lpposcore;  // extent of pposcore (1=PO)
##   matrix[N, p] X;     // matrix of CENTERED predictors
##     matrix[N, q] Z;     // matrix of CENTERED PPO predictors
##   int<lower = 1, upper = k> y[N]; // outcome on 1 ... k
##     vector[lpposcore] pposcore; // scores for constrained partial PO
## 
## // prior standard deviations
##   real<lower = 0> sds;
##   real<lower = 0> sdsppo;
##   real<lower = 0> conc;
## }
## 
## transformed data {
##     row_vector[p] Xr[N];
##     row_vector[q] Zr[N];
##   for (n in 1:N) Xr[n] = X[n, ];
##     for (n in 1:N) Zr[n] = Z[n, ];
## }
## 
## parameters {
##   vector[p] beta; // coefficients on X
##   vector[q] tau;  // coefficients on Z
##   simplex[k] pi;  // category probabilities for a person w/ average predictors
## }
## 
## transformed parameters {
##   vector[k - 1] alpha;                               // intercepts
##   vector[N] log_lik;                                 // log-likelihood pieces
##   for (j in 2:k) alpha[j - 1] = logit(sum(pi[j:k])); // predictors are CENTERED
##   log_lik = pw_log_lik(alpha, beta, tau, pposcore, Xr, Zr, y);
## }
## 
## model {
##   target += log_lik;
##   target += dirichlet_lpdf(pi &#124; rep_vector(conc, k));
##   target += normal_lpdf(beta &#124; 0, sds);
##     if(q > 0) target += normal_lpdf(tau &#124; 0, sdsppo);
## }
## 
## //generated quantities {
## //  vector[p] OR1 = exp(beta + pposcore[2]*tau[1]);
##  // vector[p] OR2 = exp(beta + pposcore[3]*tau[1]);
## //}
## 
## As an aside, I am curious what the values pposcore and lpposcore would take when using the constrained PPO model - let's say I specify a linear relationship between the cumulative log-OR and cumulative logits, what would the values of pposcore/lpposcore take in the Stan model? Or if I specify that only the highest cumulative logit diverges from the proportional odds assumption? (these are just random examples but it will help me think about it!)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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## | 76394787|15    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-03 06:16:59Z |Sou                         | 21976989|11         |There seems to be a difference between levels and labels of a factor in R.
## Up to now, I always thought that levels were the 'real' name of factor levels, and labels were the names used for output (such as tables and plots). Obviously, this is not the case, as the following example shows:
## 
## df <- data.frame(v=c(1,2,3),f=c('a','b','c'))
## str(df)
## 'data.frame':   3 obs. of  2 variables:
##  $ v: num  1 2 3
##  $ f: Factor w/ 3 levels "a","b","c": 1 2 3
## 
## df$f <- factor(df$f, levels=c('a','b','c'),
##   labels=c('Treatment A: XYZ','Treatment B: YZX','Treatment C: ZYX'))
## levels(df$f)
## [1] "Treatment A: XYZ" "Treatment B: YZX" "Treatment C: ZYX"
## 
## 
## I thought that the levels ('a','b','c') could somehow still be accessed when scripting, but this doesn't work:
## 
## > df$f=='a'
## [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## 
## 
## But this does:
## 
## > df$f=='Treatment A: XYZ' 
## [1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE
## 
## 
## So, my question consists of two parts:
## 
## What's the difference between levels and labels?
## Is it possible to have different names for factor levels for scripting and output?
## Background: For longer scripts, scripting with short factor levels seems to be much easier. However, for reports and plots, this short factor levels may not be adequate and should be replaced with preciser names.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |4         |25          |26          |divibisan         |2018-09-05 17:10:09Z, 2015-10-08 21:30:30Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76394767|5     |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-03 06:09:38Z |user22011657                | 22011657|1          |BEKK-GARCH model with external term
## I tried to use the BEKK-GARCH process with an external term, but I couldn't find any built-in function which takes into account the external term. Does anyone give me any idea about this?
## Thanks in advance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                          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## | 76394709|29    |0     |r,reshape                                                                     |2023-06-03 05:45:18Z |user257122                  | 12353013|31         |This question already has answers here:
##                                 
##                             
##                     
##                 
##             
##                     
##                         Reshaping wide to long with multiple values columns [duplicate]
##                             
##                                 (5 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                 Closed 15 hours ago.
##         
## 
## 
## I need to reshape a wide formate data into long fromat, for example, to reshape this data
## dw <- read.table(header=T, text='
##  sbj gender  age  avg.1 sd.1 avg.2  sd.2  
##    A    1     22   10    6     50     10
##    B    1     23   12    5     70     11
##    C    2     21   20    7     20     8 
##    D    2     20   22    8     22     9 
## ')
## 
## into
## ##      sbj gender age  var avg sd
## ## A.1   A  1      22   1   10  6
## ## B.1   B  1      23   1   12  5
## ## C.1   C  2      21   1   20  7
## ## D.1   D  2      20   1   22  8
## ## A.2   A  1      22   2   50 10
## ## B.2   B  1      23   2   70 11
## ## C.2   C  2      21   2   20  8
## ## D.2   D  2      20   2   22  9
## 
## There is a similar question, see here. However, when I input the code:
## lg <- reshape(dw, 
##     idvar = c("sbj", "gender", "age"), 
##     varying = list(4:7), 
##     v.names = c("avg", "sd"), 
##     timevar = "var", 
##     direction = "long")
## 
## It output the wrong result. I was quite confused with the document of the reshpe function in R, is there something wrong with my code?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |0           |4           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76394485|53    |1     |r,dplyr,tidy                                                                  |2023-06-03 03:49:08Z |Fadhil Dzikri               | 21339125|113        |i want to grouping the data but there have a rules
## ex my df is
## df <- data.frame(NAME = c("ALEX", "ALEX", "ALEX", "BRODI", "BRODI", "BRODI"),
##                  CLASS = c("A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B"),
##                  TIME = c(1213, 1314, 1415, 1213, 1415, 1617),
##                  SALARY = c(100, 200, 300, 100, 200, 300))
## 
## the time is starttime to endtime and with char type data
## i want to group by name,class and time to summarize the salary but the time will be group if there are equal start and end time (ex 1213,1314,1415) will be 1 group to (1215) and salary will be summarize and (1213,1415,1617) can't be group because the time isn't continue.
## my expected df is
## df2 <- data.frame(NAME = c("ALEX", "BRODI", "BRODI", "BRODI"),
##                  CLASS = c("A", "B", "B", "B"),
##                  TIME = c(1215, 1213, 1415, 1617),
##                  SALARY = c(600, 100, 200, 300))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |5           |jpsmith           |2023-06-03 03:53:24Z, 2023-06-03 04:50:43Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76394461|50    |0     |r,geosphere                                                                   |2023-06-03 03:32:20Z |stats_noob                  | 13203841|5,117      |I am working with the R programming language.
## I have the following data frames:
## set.seed(123)
## 
## df_1 <- data.frame(
##   name_1 = c("john", "david", "alex", "kevin", "trevor", "xavier", "tom", "michael", "troy", "kelly", "chris", "henry", "taylor", "ryan", "peter"),
##   lon = rnorm(15, mean = -74.0060, sd = 0.01),
##   lat = rnorm(15, mean = 40.7128, sd = 0.01)
## )
## 
## df_2 <- data.frame(
##   name_2 = c("matthew", "tyler", "sebastian", "julie", "anna", "tim", "david", "nigel", "sarah", "steph", "sylvia", "boris", "theo", "malcolm"),
##   lon = rnorm(14, mean = -74.0060, sd = 0.01),
##   lat = rnorm(14, mean = 40.7128, sd = 0.01)
## )
## 
## My Problem: I want to find out the distance between all people from df_1 and df_2 and then perform some summary statistics (e.g. for each person in df_1 - what is the distance to the closest person df_2, furthest person in df_2, average person in df_2, etc.)
## I did this myself like this:
##  library(geosphere)
## 
## haversine_distance <- function(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2) {
##   distHaversine(c(lon1, lat1), c(lon2, lat2))
## }
## 
## 
## distances <- matrix(nrow = nrow(df_1), ncol = nrow(df_2))
## # calculate the distances
## for (i in 1:nrow(df_1)) {
##     for (j in 1:nrow(df_2)) {
##         distances[i, j] <- haversine_distance(df_1$lon[i], df_1$lat[i], df_2$lon[j], df_2$lat[j])
##     }
## }
## 
## 
## 
## final <- data.frame(
##     name_1 = rep(df_1$name_1, each = nrow(df_2)),
##     lon_1 = rep(df_1$lon, each = nrow(df_2)),
##     lat_1 = rep(df_1$lat, each = nrow(df_2)),
##     name_2 = rep(df_2$name_2, nrow(df_1)),
##     lon_2 = rep(df_2$lon, nrow(df_1)),
##     lat_2 = rep(df_2$lat, nrow(df_1)),
##     distance = c(distances)
## )
## 
## final_summary <- aggregate(distance ~ name_1,
##                            data = final,
##                            FUN = function(x) c(min = min(x),
##                                                max = max(x),
##                                                mean = mean(x),
##                                                median = median(x),
##                                                sd = sd(x)))
## final_summary <- do.call(data.frame, final_summary)
## names(final_summary)[-(1)] <- c("min_distance", "max_distance", "mean_distance", "median_distance", "sd_distance")
## 
## In another question (R: Improving the Speed of Pairwise Calculations), I learned how to do the same thing but in a more efficient way (I made some modifications):
##  haversine_distance <- function(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2) {
##   distHaversine(cbind(lon1, lat1), cbind(lon2, lat2))
## }
## 
## # calculate the distances
## distances <- expand.grid(i = seq_len(nrow(df_1)), j = seq_len(nrow(df_2)))
## distances$dist <- haversine_distance(
##   df_1$lon[distances$i],
##   df_1$lat[distances$i],
##   df_2$lon[distances$j],
##   df_2$lat[distances$j]
## )
## 
## final <- data.frame(
##   name_1 = df_1$name_1[distances$i],
##   lon_1 = df_1$lon[distances$i],
##   lat_1 = df_1$lat[distances$i],
##   name_2 = df_2$name_2[distances$j],
##   lon_2 = df_2$lon[distances$j],
##   lat_2 = df_2$lat[distances$j],
##   distance = distances$dist
## )
## 
## final_summary1 <- aggregate(
##   distance ~ name_1,
##   data = final,
##   FUN = function(x) c(min = min(x), max = max(x), mean = mean(x), median = median(x), sd = sd(x))
## )
## final_summary1 <- do.call(data.frame, final_summary1)
## names(final_summary1)[-(1)] <- c("min_distance", "max_distance", "mean_distance", "median_distance", "sd_distance")
## 
## My Question: When I compare the results from both methods on the same data - apparently they are not the same:
## > identical(final_summary, final_summary1)
## [1] FALSE
## 
## Can someone please help me understand why these two outputs are not the same and how can I make them the same? Are both approaches correct?
## Thanks!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |3         |21          |72          |Dave2e            |2023-06-03 12:52:35Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76394455|18    |0     |r,shiny                                                                       |2023-06-03 03:30:15Z |yefersonG                   | 14376017|151        |I am working on a function in R using Shiny Survey. Here is the code that I have so far.
## # Load packages
## library(shiny)
## library(shinysurveys)
## library(shiny.semantic)
## 
## # Register a "check" input type
## extendInputType("check", function() {
##   shiny::checkboxGroupInput(
##     inputId = surveyID(),
##     label = surveyLabel(),
##     choices = surveyOptions()
##   )
## })
## 
## # Define question in the format of a shinysurvey
## ice_cream_question <- data.frame(
##   question = "Elija el software donde se trabajó este script.",
##   option = c("Nfield", "Dimension", "Survey to Go","Question Pro"),
##   input_type = "select",
##   input_id = "favorite_ice_cream",
##   dependence = NA,
##   dependence_value = NA,
##   required = TRUE
## )
## 
## # Define shiny UI
## ui <- fluidPage(
##   surveyOutput(df = ice_cream_question,
##                survey_title = "Procesamiento Mercaplan",
##                theme = 'mercaplan'
##   )
## )
## 
## # Define shiny server
## server <- function(input, output, session) {
##   survey_env <- new.env()  # Crear y inicializar el objeto survey_env
## 
##   # Observar cambios en la selección de tema y actualizar el tema en el entorno survey_env
##   observe({
##     survey_env$theme <- ifelse(input$theme == "mercaplan", "mercaplan", survey_env$theme)
##   })
## 
##   renderSurvey()  # Renderizar la encuesta en la interfaz de usuario
## 
##   # Observar el evento de envío de la encuesta
##   observeEvent(input$submit, {
##     response_data <- getSurveyData()  # Obtener los datos de la encuesta
##     print(response_data)  # Imprimir los datos de la encuesta en la consola
##   })
## }
## 
## #' Aplicación Shiny para una encuesta interactiva sobre el software utilizado en un script.
## #'
## #' Esta aplicación utiliza el paquete "shinysurveys" para crear una encuesta interactiva en Shiny.
## #' El usuario puede seleccionar el software utilizado en un script de una lista de opciones.
## #'
## #' @importFrom shiny shinyApp fluidPage
## #' @importFrom shinysurveys extendInputType surveyOutput renderSurvey getSurveyData
## #' @importFrom shiny.semantic surveyLabel surveyOptions
## #' @return None
## #' @examples pantalla
## #' @export pantalla
## #'
## pantalla <- function() {
##   shinyApp(ui, server)
## }
## 
## # Ejecutar la aplicación Shiny
## return(pantalla())
## 
## 
## Now I am trying to create the package with the following function in order to generate the .Rd file, but the following issue occurs.
## devtools::load_all()
## 
## Loading procesamientomerca
## Input Type "check" registered with {shinysurveys}. If the session restarts, you will need to re-register it.
## To see all registered input extensions, please call shinysurveys::listInputExtensions().
## Warning messages:
## 1: object ‘surveyLabel’ is not exported by 'namespace:shiny.semantic'
## 2: object ‘surveyOptions’ is not exported by 'namespace:shiny.semantic'
## 3: Objects listed as exports, but not present in namespace:
## • app
## I hope you can help me because this Shiny app needs to be composed of other functions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |8           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76394451|22    |0     |r,string,substr                                                               |2023-06-03 03:27:56Z |Adrian                      |  3391549|9,275      |mystring <- c("code IS (384333)\n   AND parse = TURE \n ) \n 
##               \n code IS (43343344)\n ) some information here
##               code IS (23423422) ) and more information")
## 
## I'm trying to replace the 2nd to 40th characters of mystring with "HELLO". However, sub is not giving me the correct output:
## > sub(pattern = substr(mystring, 2, 40), replacement = "HELLO", mystring)
## [1] "code IS (384333)\n   AND parse = TURE \n ) \n \n              \n code IS (43343344)\n ) some information here\n              code IS (23423422) ) and more information"
## 
## The correct output is
## [1] "cHELLO \n \n              \n code IS (43343344)\n ) some information here\n              code IS (23423422) ) and more information"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |24        |73          |131         |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76394390|34    |2     |r,string,substr                                                               |2023-06-03 03:00:13Z |Adrian                      |  3391549|9,275      |string <- "this is a funny cat"
## 
## I want to replace the first 15 characters of string with 'orange`. The desired output is
## 'orange cat'
## 
## However, using substr gives me
## substr(string, 1, 15) <- "orange"
## > string
## [1] "oranges a funny cat"
## 
## which is not the desired output.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |24        |73          |131         |Adrian            |2023-06-03 03:11:24Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76394371|19    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-03 02:49:56Z |Aztec22                     | 10724981|31         |I have a data frame called df that contains 2 columns; user and artist.
## head(df, 5)
##                                   user               artist
## 1 3bd73256-3905-4f3a-97e2-8b341527f805      betty blowtorch
## 2 f2fb0ff0-5679-42ec-a55c-15109ce6e320            die Ärzte
## 3 b3ae82c2-e60b-4551-a76d-6620f1b456aa    melissa etheridge
## 4 3d6bbeb7-f90e-4d10-b440-e153c0d10b53            elvenking
## 5 bbd2ffd7-17f4-4506-8572-c1ea58c3f9a8 juliette & the licks
## 
## I want to create another data frame that gives each entry in the artist column a row that is then represented by a 0 or 1 based on if the user ID has an entry for that artist. Here is an example of the results I am trying to get:
## user                                             betty blowtorch   die Ärzte    melissa etheridge   elvenking   juliette & the licks
##         1 3bd73256-3905-4f3a-97e2-8b341527f805             1              0           0                   0            0
##         2 3bd73256-3905-4f3a-97e2-8b341527f805             0              1           0                   0            0
##         3 f2fb0ff0-5679-42ec-a55c-15109ce6e320             0              1           0                   0            0
##         4 b3ae82c2-e60b-4551-a76d-6620f1b456aa             0              0           1                   0            0
##         5 3d6bbeb7-f90e-4d10-b440-e153c0d10b53             0              0           0                   1            0
##         6 bbd2ffd7-17f4-4506-8572-c1ea58c3f9a8             0              0           0                   0            1
##         7 bbd2ffd7-17f4-4506-8572-c1ea58c3f9a8             0              0           0                   1            0
## 
## If the user ID appears in df multiple times, then I need a new row for that user, so each row will only have one 1 value (see above example).
## Any suggestions?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |7           |Phil              |2023-06-03 03:13:45Z, 2023-06-03 03:19:39Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76394359|16    |0     |r,spatial,covariance,temporal                                                 |2023-06-03 02:42:40Z |EM823823                    | 14336849|121        |I'd like to simulate a Gaussian process with mean zero and a non-separable Gneiting correlation function. The R-code for this function is:
## Gneiting<-function(h,u, al = 0.75, s2 = 0.968, a=0.5,c=1,beta)
## {
##   part1=a*abs(u)^(2*al)+1;
##   denom=part1^(beta/2);
##   part2=exp(-c*h/denom);
##   return(s2*part2/part1);
## }
## 
## 
## To simulate the process with this correlation function I do:
## library(fields)
## time <- 1:6
## loc <- cbind(expand.grid(seq(-83, -74, len = 16), seq(30, 36, len = 16)))
## locdist <- rdist.earth(loc)
## #spatial locations
## ns = dim(loc)[1]
## #time points
## nt = 6
## #Compute the Covariance
## Sigma=matrix(0,ns*nt,ns*nt)
## for(space1 in 1:ns){
##     for(space2 in 1:ns)
##     {
##       hlag=locdist[space1,space2]
##       for(time1 in 1:nt)
##       {
##         for(time2 in 1:nt)
##         {
##           ulag=time2 - time1
##           index1=(time1-1)*ns+space1;
##           index2=(time2-1)*ns+space2;      
##           Sigma[index1,index2]=Gneiting(h = hlag, u=ulag, beta = .6)
##         }
##       }
##     }
##   }
## 
## #Simulate the covariance
## set.seed(123)
## xx.gneiting <- crossprod(chol(Sigma), rep(rnorm(nrow(loc) * 6)))
## 
## However, from the level plot the resulting process doesn't seem to have any spatio-temporal structure:
## simdf.gneiting <- data.frame(lon = rep(loc[,1], each = 6), 
##                              lat = rep(loc[,2], each = 6), 
##                             dat= xx.gneiting, 
##                             time = rep(1:6,  nrow(loc)) )
## 
## # plot
## lattice::levelplot(dat~ lon + lat&#124;time, data = simdf.gneiting)
## 
## I was wondering if my correlation setup is properly done, or could I visualize my process differently than a levelplot to get a better idea about the spatio-temporal structure?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |5           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76394250|11    |0     |r,linear-regression,least-squares,multicollinearity,variance-inflation-factor |2023-06-03 01:37:18Z |José Amorim                 | 22010904|1          |I am using the GVIF method in my analyses to check for multicollinearity of my variables using the 'car' package in R, but some of the GVIF values are negative, so GVIF^(1/(2df)) values can't be calculated.
## How can I fix this? Or is it correct to use these negative GVIF values to calculate (GVIF^(1/(2df)))²?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76394080|27    |0     |r,categorical-data,unmarked-package                                           |2023-06-03 00:06:53Z |AllyDavidge                 | 22010681|1          |I am fairly new to unmarked as a package, but I'm trying to estimate the occupancy of Cooper's Hawks across Denver considering a list of covariates. I've found that percent tree canopy cover (PCT_CAN) and redlining grade (GRADE) out compete the other covariates I've considered in an AICc table and now I'm trying to create partial derivative xy plots of the estimates I get for occupancy for each of these within their own models. I'm having a difficult time creating predictions using my unmarked dataframe because R can't process an estimate around the categorical GRADE. I've included a screenshot of my unmarkedFrame. I need to 1) identify how to separate out GRADE and correctly process it because I'll need to create occupancy estimates for that covariate as well and 2) figure out the code for developing these xy plots with a 95% confidence interval envelope around it. Happy to provide more info, I'm not entirely sure what would be most useful.
## Here's what I usually get back when I try to run this:
## occu_modavg_psi_predict_df <- data.frame(Predicted = occu_modavg_psi_predict$mod.avg.pred,
## +                                     lower = occu_modavg_psi_predict$lower.CL,
## +                                     upper = occu_modavg_psi_predict$upper.CL,
## +                                     siteCovs)
## > head(occu_modavg_psi_predict_df)
## > occu_PCTCAN_newdata <- data.frame(PCT_CAN = seq(min(siteCovs$PCT_CAN), 
## +                                                  max(siteCovs$PCT_CAN), by = 0.5),
## +                                   Pct_Built = mean(siteCovs$Pct_Built), # hold other variables constant
## +                                   NDVI = mean(siteCovs$NDVI),
## +                                   NN = mean(siteCovs$NN))
## > # Model-averaged prediction of occupancy and confidence interval
## > occu_PCTCAN_pred <- modavgPred(occu_model_list,
## +                                # c.hat =    # to change variance inflation factor, default = 1) 
## +                                parm.type = "psi", # psi = occupancy
## +                                newdata = occu_PCTCAN_newdata)[c("mod.avg.pred",
## +                                                                 "lower.CL",
## +                                                                 "upper.CL")]
## Error in eval(predvars, data, env) : object 'GRADE' not found
## > occu_PCTCAN_newdata <- data.frame(PCT_CAN = seq(min(siteCovs$PCT_CAN), 
## +                                                  max(siteCovs$PCT_CAN), by = 0.5),
## +                                   Pct_Built = mean(siteCovs$Pct_Built), # hold other variables constant
## +                                   NDVI = mean(siteCovs$NDVI),
## +                                   NN = mean(siteCovs$NN),
## +                                   GRADE= mean(siteCovs$GRADE))
## Warning: argument is not numeric or logical: returning NA
## > occu_PCTCAN_pred <- modavgPred(occu_model_list,
## +                                # c.hat =    # to change variance inflation factor, default = 1) 
## +                                parm.type = "psi", # psi = occupancy
## +                                newdata = occu_PCTCAN_newdata)[c("mod.avg.pred",
## +                                                                 "lower.CL",
## +                                                                 "upper.CL")]
## Warning: variable 'GRADE' is not a factorError in .local(obj, coefficients, ...) : 
##   ncol(coefficients) == length(est) is not TRUE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |0           |Jon Spring        |2023-06-03 00:28:59Z                                                                                                                            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## | 76394018|30    |0     |r,statistics,bayesian,jags,rjags                                              |2023-06-02 23:40:49Z |0yl3r                       | 15738464|1          |I am new to Bayesian statistics and I have been trying to write up a logistic model for JAGS in R.
## I have defined the priors and the likelihood accordingly. However. I keep getting an error "Node Inconsistent with parents". I have 6 categorical variables and 4 Numerical variables. Any advise would be much appreciated. Thank you.
## Code:
## model = "model{
## # Priors
## beta1~dnorm(0,1/100^2);beta2~dunif(0,1);
## beta3~dnorm(64.4,1/100^2);beta4~dunif(0,1);
## beta5~dunif(0,1);beta6~dunif(0,1);
## beta7~dunif(0,1);beta8~dnorm(0.40,1/100^2);
## beta9~dnorm(0.64,1/100^2);beta10~dunif(0,1);
## 
## # Likelihood
## for(i in 1:N) {
##   p[i] = 1/(1 + exp(-(beta1 
##   + beta2*genderMale[i] 
##   + beta3*age[i] 
##   + beta4*hypertension1[i]
##   + beta5*heart_disease1[i]
##   + beta6*ever_marriedYes[i] 
##   + beta7*Residence_typeUrban[i] 
##   + beta8*avg_glucose_level[i]
##   + beta9*bmi[i] 
##   + beta10*smoking_statussmokes[i])));
##   Y[i] ~ dbern(p[i])
## }
## }"
## 
## data$gender <- as.factor(data$gender)
## data$hypertension <- as.factor(data$hypertension)
## data$heart_disease <- as.factor(data$heart_disease)
## data$Residence_type <- as.factor(data$Residence_type)
## data$smoking_status <- as.factor(data$smoking_status)
## data$work_type <- as.factor(data$work_type)
## 
## X <- model.matrix(stroke ~ gender + age + hypertension + heart_disease + ever_married + Residence_type + avg_glucose_level + bmi + smoking_status, data=data) # Design matrix
## Y <- data$stroke;
## 
## library("rjags");library(coda);
## set.seed(42)
## 
## data = list(Y = Y, genderMale = X[,"genderMale"], age = X[,"age"], hypertension1 = X[,"hypertension1"], heart_disease1 = X[,"heart_disease1"], ever_marriedYes = X[,"ever_marriedYes"], Residence_typeUrban = X[,"Residence_typeUrban"], avg_glucose_level = X[,"avg_glucose_level"], bmi = X[,"bmi"], smoking_statussmokes = X[,"smoking_statussmokes"], N =length(Y));
## variable_names = c("beta1","beta2","beta3","beta4","beta5","beta6","beta7","beta8","beta9","beta10","p");
## 
## fileConn=file("model.temp");
## writeLines(model, fileConn);
## close(fileConn);
## m = jags.model(file="model.temp", data=data)
## 
## 
## draw = jags.samples(m, 1000, thin=1, variable.names = variable_names)
## # Convert to a list
## make_list <- function(draw)
## {
##   results = list()
##   for(name in names(draw))
##   {
##     # Extract "chain 1"
##     results[[name]] = as.array(draw[[name]][,,1])
##     
##     # Transpose 2D arrays
##     if(length(dim(results[[name]])) == 2)
##       results[[name]] = t(results[[name]])
##   }
##   return(results)
## }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76393934|35    |0     |r,dataframe,function,dplyr,multiple-columns                                   |2023-06-02 23:11:25Z |Sylvia Rodriguez            | 11478372|1,193      |I would like to create a new column in a data.frame with the values of one column but using the sign (+ or -; <0 or >0) added. Here is an example.
##  set.seed(12345)
##  df = data.frame(a=c(rep("a",8), rep("b",5), rep("c",7), rep("d",10)), 
##     b=rnorm(30, 0, 2), 
##     c=rnorm(30, 12, 3.5), 
##     d=rnorm(30, 8, 3)
##     )
## 
## How can I create a column d_signed, which has each value of column d, but with the sign of column b? Expected result:
##  df$d_signed <- c(8.448776, 3.972406, -9.659909, -12.769889, 6.239361, -2.502868, 10.664418,
##  -12.780465, -9.550564, -4.112985, -8.163847, 5.646052, 4.851942, 14.991536,
##  -12.208116, 10.827803, -10.478775, -5.565379, 9.428745, 11.063775, 9.936149,
##  11.129431, -7.086893, -15.431333, -10.913662, 13.601298, -10.016127, 7.076140,
##  9.609571, -10.474610)
## 
## Thank you.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |10          |26          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76393814|32    |1     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 22:35:33Z |TJ87                        |  9120273|372        |My question is a variation on Complete missing dates based on start and end. I would like to fill in missing date ranges using a floor date and ceiling date, but the date ranges in my example should be non-overlapping.
## have <- data.frame(ID = c(1, 1),
##                  date1 = as.Date(c("2000-01-29", "2000-07-16")),
##                  date2 = as.Date(c("2000-07-15", "2001-04-30")))
## 
## > have
##   ID      date1      date2
## 1  1 2000-01-29 2000-07-15
## 2  1 2000-07-16 2001-04-30
## 
## want <- data.frame(ID = c(1, 1),
##                  date1 = as.Date(c("2000-01-01", "2000-01-29", "2000-07-16", "2001-05-01")),
##                  date2 = as.Date(c("2000-01-28", "2000-07-15", "2001-04-30", "2001-07-31")))
## 
## > want
##   ID      date1      date2
## 1  1 2000-01-01 2000-01-28
## 2  1 2000-01-29 2000-07-15
## 3  1 2000-07-16 2001-04-30
## 4  1 2001-05-01 2001-07-31
## 
## Using the answer to the previous post nearly works, except that date2 and the following date1 overlap.
## library(dplyr)
## start <- as.Date("2000-01-01"); end <- as.Date("2001-07-31")
## 
## ex <- have %>%
##   group_by(ID) %>%
##   summarize(newdate1 = c(start, date2), newdate2 = c(date1, end)) %>%
##   rename(date1 = newdate1, date2 = newdate2) %>%
##   filter(date2 > date1) %>%
##   ungroup() %>%
##   bind_rows(have) %>%
##   arrange(ID, date1)
## 
## > ex
## # A tibble: 5 × 3
##      ID date1      date2     
##   <dbl> <date>     <date>    
## 1     1 2000-01-01 2000-01-29
## 2     1 2000-01-29 2000-07-15
## 3     1 2000-07-15 2000-07-16
## 4     1 2000-07-16 2001-04-30
## 5     1 2001-04-30 2001-07-31
## 
## Thank you.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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## | 76393742|24    |2     |r,machine-learning,party                                                      |2023-06-02 22:16:41Z |Remy M                      |  7605919|577        |I am trying to use the MOB procedure from the R package partykit to predict survival probabilities based on a set of covariates X1,...,X25 and a treatment effect W. The linear predictor in each node in MOB only uses W, X1, and X2, but each covariate is used for selection for node splitting. I would like to force the MOB to only split according to parameter instability for the treatment effect W. When doing prediction in the final line of code below, I get the following error:
## Error in rval[ix[[i]], ] <- preds[[i]] : 
##   number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
## In addition: Warning messages:
## 1: 'newdata' had 1070 rows but variables found have 1029 rows 
## 2: 'newdata' had 1337 rows but variables found have 1291 rows 
## 3: 'newdata' had 1690 rows but variables found have 1680 rows 
## 4: 'newdata' had 903 rows but variables found have 1000 rows 
## 
## I believe this error occurs because the number of test observations falling in each terminal node is different than that of the training observations. How can I modify the predict statement to handle this issue and obtain predictions on the test set? I would also like to know if I'm using the parm option correctly in specifying that parameter instability should be assessed according to W.
## library("survival")
## library("partykit")
## 
## n=5000;n.test=5000;p=25;pi=0.5;beta=1
## gamma=0.5;rho=2;cen.scale=4;n.mc=10000;
## Y.max=2
## 
## generate_data <- function(n, p, pi = 0.5, beta = 1, gamma = 1, rho = 2, cen.scale = 4,
##                           Y.max = NULL){
##   W <- rbinom(n, 1, pi)
##   X <- matrix(rnorm(n * p), n, p)
##   numerator <- -log(runif(n))
##   cox.ft <- (numerator / exp(beta * X[ ,1] + (-0.5 - gamma * X[ ,2]) * W))^2
##   failure.time <- pmin(cox.ft, Y.max)
##   numeratorC <- -log(runif(n))
##   censor.time <- (numeratorC / (cen.scale ^ rho)) ^ (1 / rho)
##   Y <- pmin(failure.time, censor.time)
##   D <- as.integer(failure.time <= censor.time)
##   list(X = X, Y = Y, W = W, D = D)
## }
## 
## data <- generate_data(n, p=p, pi = pi, beta = beta, gamma = gamma, rho = rho, cen.scale = cen.scale,
##                       Y.max = Y.max)
## 
## data.test <- generate_data(n.test, p=p, pi = pi, beta = beta, gamma = gamma, rho = rho, cen.scale = cen.scale,
##                       Y.max = Y.max)
## 
## X=data$X
## Y=data$Y
## W=data$W
## D=data$D
## 
## var_prog <- c("X1","X2")
## colnames(X) <- paste("X", 1:25, sep="")
## cov.names <- colnames(X)
## 
## wbreg <- function(y, x, start = NULL, weights = NULL, offset = NULL, ...) {
##   survreg(y ~ 0 + x, weights = weights, dist = "weibull", ...)
## }
## 
## dat <- data.frame(Y=Y,D=D,W=W,X)
## 
## eqn <- paste0("Surv(Y, D) ~ W + ",paste0(var_prog, collapse = "+")," &#124; ",
##               paste0(cov.names, collapse = "+"))
## 
## glmtr <- partykit::mob(as.formula(eqn), data = dat,
##                        fit = wbreg, control = mob_control(parm=2,minsize = 0.2*nrow(dat), 
##                                                           alpha = 0.10, bonferroni = TRUE))
## 
## plot(glmtr)
## 
## dat.test <- data.frame(Y=data.test$Y,D=data.test$D, W=data.test$W,data.test$X)
## pct <- 1:98/100
## quantile_pred <- predict(glmtr, newdata = dat.test, type = "quantile",p=pct)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |4           |17          |desertnaut        |2023-06-03 12:00:46Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76393686|35    |1     |r,macos,rstudio                                                               |2023-06-02 22:03:46Z |abraham                     |  9097452|659        |I know that this question is available in this page, but I have tried most of them, and I just can’t make it works. How can I set an external program as blast permanently using Sys.setenv  for my personal functions in R
## I’m using a MacOS with R4.1.1 and RStudio 2021.09.0.
## The common way that I usually call an external program, in this case BLAST (ncbi-blast-2.2.29+) is just copy and paste the line in RStudio console, something like:
## Sys.setenv(PATH = paste(Sys.getenv("PATH"), "/Users/myname/myprograms/ncbi-blast-2.2.29+/bin/", sep= .Platform$path.sep))
## 
## And then I just run my personal functions that use blast, and I have no problem with that.  But I just want to set blast permanently in RStudio, and don’t need to copy and paste that line every time that I start RStudio. So I tried to paste that line in .Renviron, and then start up Rstudio and tried to run blast functions, and it didn’t work !!!
## So I tried different, add the path in .zshrc (I’m using /bin/zsh), using nano or sublime text:
## nano ~/.zshrc
## export BLAST_PATH=$PATH:~/genetools/ncbi-blast-2.2.29+/bin/
## 
## And then just add the BLAST_PATH to Sys.setenv in .Renviron
## nano .Renviron
## 
## Sys.setenv(PATH = paste(Sys.getenv("PATH"), "BLAST_PATH", sep= .Platform$path.sep))
## 
## or
## Sys.setenv(PATH = paste(Sys.getenv("PATH"), BLAST_PATH, sep= .Platform$path.sep))
## 
## And restart RStudio and just it didn’t work when I use my personal functions !!!
## Any way to set it permanently in RStudio ?
## By the way, My .Renviron is located at home (~/.Renviron) and my working directory (R sessions ) in RStudio is located in ~/R !!!
## Thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |8           |13          |Konrad Rudolph    |2023-06-03 10:04:50Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76393636|33    |0     |r,logistic-regression,roc,auc                                                 |2023-06-02 21:47:50Z |Jason Connelly              | 21476994|1          |I am running a binary LASSO logistic regression using glmnet. The initial data I work with is raster spatial data. When I create an ROC (AUC ~ 0.72) curve based on the test data, the resulting curve appears to curve early and has a very strange shape (shown below).
## Does anyone know how I can interpret this curve and apply changes to my model to improve it?
## 
## When I generate the ROC using the training data (AUC ~ 0.93), it does not appear like this.
## Also, when I run the same script on coarser resolution data (30 m as opposed to the 5 m currently being used), AUC curves on training and testing data look as expected (AUC's of ~0.94 and 0.90).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |0           |Calimo            |2023-06-03 06:13:47Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76393577|23    |0     |r,for-loop,matrix,dplyr,set-difference                                        |2023-06-02 21:33:40Z |moriahtaylor                | 15127026|1          |I'm trying to take the row-wise set difference of two different list columns. So, line 1 column A would be a list of IDs for one year (m_lag), and line 2 column A would be a different list of IDs for the next year (m), and then finding the length of those set differences.
## I've tried both dplyr techniques and using a for loop. Some example code below that I've tried so far:
## for (i in 1:nrow(test)){
##     m <- test[i,3][1]
##     m_lag <- test[i,5][1]
##     names(m_lag) <- "m"
##   
##     Diff1 <- setdiff(m_lag, m)
##     Diff2 <- setdiff(m, m_lag)
##   
##     L1 <- length(Diff1)
##     L2 <- length(Diff2)
## 
## }
## 
## test %>% mutate(Diff1 = setdiff(m_lag, m), Diff2 = setdiff(m, m_lag))
## 
## test %>% mutate(Diff1 = map2(m_lag, m, setdiff), Diff2 = map2(m, m_lag, setdiff))
## 
## 
## I've also tried different variations of indexing, such as m[[1]] instead of m, and in the for loop using nrow() in place of length().
## What I need at the end (eventually) is the length of each difference represented as an integer.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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## | 76393401|34    |1     |r,ggplot2,geom-col                                                            |2023-06-02 20:49:40Z |tatertot2                   | 22010120|11         |This question already has answers here:
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##                 
##             
##                     
##                         Order discrete x scale by frequency/value
##                             
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##                             
##                     
##                     
##                         How do you specifically order ggplot2 x axis instead of alphabetical order? [duplicate]
##                             
##                                 (2 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                     
##                         ggplot2, Ordering y axis
##                             
##                                 (1 answer)
##                             
##                     
##                     
##                         R ggplot ordering bars within groups
##                             
##                                 (1 answer)
##                             
##                     
##                 Closed yesterday.
##         
## 
## 
## I am attempting to switch the plotted bars so the first column is for Budgeted and the second column in for Actual. Any help is much appreciated.
## 
## This is my code.
## library(tidyverse)
## library(ggplot2)
## library(dplyr)
## library(scales)
## 
## Mississppi <-as.data.frame(R_test_8)
## head(Mississppi)
## 
## 
## ggplot() + geom_col(data = Mississppi, aes( x = Ship, y = Mandays , fill = Type), position = "dodge") +  geom_point() +
##  scale_y_continuous(labels = label_number (suffix = " K", scale = 1e-3), limits = c(0, 400000), breaks = seq(0, 400000, by = 50000)) + geom_hline(yintercept = 200000, color = "#7c7d81", linetype = 2) + scale_fill_manual(values = c("#6b9bb1", "#102031")) +  geom_point() +
##   theme_classic() + theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(), axis.title.y = element_blank()) + ggtitle("Days of Labor (Thousands)")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |2           |Peter             |2023-06-02 21:07:47Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76393378|34    |0     |r,regex,string                                                                |2023-06-02 20:45:29Z |Adrian                      |  3391549|9,275      |This question already has answers here:
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##                     
##                 
##             
##                     
##                         Replace Nth occurrence of a character in a string with something else
##                             
##                                 (5 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                     
##                         how to replace nth character of a string in a column in r
##                             
##                                 (3 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                 Closed yesterday.
##             The community is reviewing whether to reopen this question as of 20 hours ago.
##         
## 
## 
## mystring <- c("code IS (384333)\n    AND parse = TURE \n ) \n 
##               \n code IS (43343344)\n ) some information here
##               code IS (23423422) ) and more information")
## 
## > gsub(pattern = 'code IS \\([0-9]+\\)[\\s\\S]+?\\)', replacement = "HELLO", mystring, perl = TRUE)
## [1] "HELLO \n \n              \n HELLO some information here\n              HELLO and more information"
## 
## In the above example, using gsub replaced all occurrences of the pattern with HELLO. What if I want to just replace the 2nd occurrence (i.e., ind_replacement = 2)? The desired output is:
## [1] "code IS (384333)\n    AND parse = TURE \n ) \n \n              \n HELLO some information here\n              code IS (23423422) ) and more information"
## 
## Now, what about replacing the 2nd and 3rd occurrences (i.e., ind_replacement = c(2, 3))? The desired output is:
## [1] "code IS (384333)\n    AND parse = TURE \n ) \n \n              \n HELLO some information here\n              HELLO and more information"
## 
## Is there a way to write the code in a generalizable way that involves ind_replacement such that I'm only replacing multiple occurrences of a pattern?
## Edit:
## I've looked at the other suggested posts, but they do not answer my question. Specifically, I want to replace MULTIPLE occurrences of a pattern. For example, the first and third occurrences, or the second and third together.
## Trying something like the following to replace the 2nd and 3rd occurrences together does not work as intended:
## > gsub(pattern = 'code IS \\([0-9]+\\)[\\s\\S]+?\\){2-3}', replacement = "HELLO", mystring, perl = TRUE)
## [1] "code IS (384333)\n    AND parse = TURE \n ) \n \n              \n code IS (43343344)\n ) some information here\n              code IS (23423422) ) and more information"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |24        |73          |131         |Adrian            |2023-06-03 02:22:43Z                                                                                  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## | 76393250|11    |0     |r,shiny,shinydashboard,bs4dash,bslib                                          |2023-06-02 20:19:08Z |bikeactuary                 |  4954719|455        |I am trying to adapt for my own application the last example in this documentation of creating valueBoxes with "showcase"d sparklines made interactive via plotly. The example does not go as far as rendering within a shiny app and the bslib package does not include render/output functions.
## I have gotten something sort of working via the renderUI/uiOutput functions but the result does not respect proportioning and positioning between the value and the showcased sparkline within the bs4Dash (or any other framework). Running the code interactively in RStudio shows the desired result in the Viewer pane. I am looking for help to match the rendered output in my shiny app to the article linked above
## MRE below
## ## app.R ##
## library(shiny)
## library(plotly)
## library(dplyr)
## library(bs4Dash)
## library(bslib)
## 
## 
## ui <- bs4DashPage(
##   dashboardHeader(title = "Test Dash"),
##   bs4DashSidebar(
##     sidebarMenu(id = "tab",
##                 menuItem("Test 1", tabName = "t1", icon = icon("dashboard")),
##                 menuItem("Test 2", tabName = "t2", icon = icon("triangle-exclamation"))
##     )
##   ),
##   bs4DashBody(
##     tabItems(
##       tabItem(tabName = "t1",
##               
##               fluidRow(
##                 box(width = 3,
##                     uiOutput("papq_vbox_quote")
##                 )
##               )               
##       ),
##       tabItem(tabName = "t2"
##       )
##     )
##   )
## )
## 
## server <- function(input, output) {
##   
##   dat <- tibble(Date = seq(Sys.Date()-59, Sys.Date(), by = 1),
##                 measure = rnorm(length(Date), 20 + (Date - min(Date)), 5))
##   
##   output$papq_vbox_quote <- renderUI({
##     
##     sparkline <- plot_ly(dat) %>%
##       add_lines(
##         x = ~Date, y = ~measure,
##         color = I("white"), span = I(1),
##         fill = 'tozeroy', alpha = 0.2
##       ) %>%
##       layout(
##         xaxis = list(visible = F, showgrid = F, title = ""),
##         yaxis = list(visible = F, showgrid = F, title = ""),
##         hovermode = "x",
##         margin = list(t = 0, r = 0, l = 0, b = 0),
##         font = list(color = "white"),
##         paper_bgcolor = "transparent",
##         plot_bgcolor = "transparent"
##       ) %>%
##       config(displayModeBar = F) %>%
##       htmlwidgets::onRender(
##         "function(el) {
##       var ro = new ResizeObserver(function() {
##          var visible = el.offsetHeight > 200;
##          Plotly.relayout(el, {'xaxis.visible': visible});
##       });
##       ro.observe(el);
##     }"
##       )
##     
##     value_box("Series Data",
##               value = formatC(mean(dat$measure), format = "d", big.mark = ","),
##               showcase = sparkline,
##               showcase_layout = showcase_left_center(),
##               full_screen = TRUE,
##               # height = "100px",
##               # width = .2,
##               # max_height = "100px",
##               theme_color = "success"
##     ) %>%
##       return()
##   })
##   
## }
## 
## options(shiny.host = '0.0.0.0')
## options(shiny.port = 8080)
## 
## shinyApp(ui, server)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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## | 76393244|22    |0     |r,xaringan                                                                    |2023-06-02 20:16:33Z |mikeytop                    | 14219038|150        |I am using the metropolis theme in a xaringan presentation. I would like to be able to negate the theme for a couple slides, or alternatively, use a new theme for some other slides.
## Most importantly, I want to be able to get a "blank white" slide with no overhead padding/colors/anything.
## So far, I have tried fiddling around with some css from other questions here and here.
## (EDIT: added content below)
## As of now, I have tried to create a new slide-style by creating a new CSS file, saving it in the same folder as my rmarkdown file, and calling it in the YAML:
## ----
## title: "The Effect of X"
## subtitle: "Conference"
## author: ""
## institute: ""
## date: "6/9/2023"
## output:
##   xaringan::moon_reader:
##     css: [default, metropolis, metropolis-fonts, "fullfigure.css"] 
##     lib_dir: libs
##     nature:
##       ratio: "16:9"
##       highlightStyle: github
##       highlightLines: true
##       countIncrementalSlides: false
## editor_options: 
##   chunk_output_type: inline
## 
## 
## The CSS file (fullfigure.css) has the following code in it:
## .remark-slide-content.full-slide-fig{
##   padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
##   width: 100%;}
## 
## I have tried using this to create a "full picture" slide by creating a new slide with the class full-slide-fig:
## ---
## class: full-slide-fig
## background-image: url("libs/figures/shotspot_works.png")
## background-size: cover
## ---
## 
## 
## However, this still gives me a blue overhead that cuts off part of the image.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |9           |mikeytop          |2023-06-02 20:34:22Z                                                               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## | 76393217|28    |0     |r,for-loop,plot,pie-chart                                                     |2023-06-02 20:09:23Z |rheabedi1                   | 20743292|61         |I have 5 genes and I want to plot their snp distribution in R.
## So, basically 5 plots in R.
## I tried to use loop for this but in my case it generate one plot only for a gene:
## The code that I tried is:
## set.seed(5)
## library(dplyr)
## library(tidyverse)
## library(tibble)
## gene_exp <- read.table(file = "chr22_gene.txt", header = TRUE, sep = "\t" )
## g <- round(runif(5,1,dim(gene_exp)[1])) ##creates 5 random var to select 5 random gene from chr22gene file
## gene <- sapply(strsplit(rownames(gene_exp),"_"),`[`, 2)
## for(i in g){
## genename <- gene[g]
## gene1 <- gene_exp %>% 
##   rownames_to_column() %>% 
##   separate(rowname, into = c(NA, 'gene_name'), sep = '_') %>% 
##   filter(gene_name == genename)
## 
## rsid_list <- NULL
## snp <- strsplit(rownames(gene_exp), "_")
## for(i in 1:dim(gene1)[1]){
##   value <- snp[[i]][1]
##   rsid_list <- rbind(rsid_list,value)
## }
## 
## rownames(gene1) <- rsid_list
## gene1 <- gene1[,-c(1)]
## 
## ##pie plot: ##for same and different tissues:
## pdf(paste0("rplot",sep="_",genename,".pdf"))
## 
## snp_onetissue <- dim(one_tissueonly)[1]
## snp_difftissue <- dim(samesnp_difft)[1]
## x <- c(snp_onetissue,snp_difftissue)
## labels <- c("onesnp_onetissue","samesnp_differentissue")
## #pie(x,labels)
## pct <- round(x/sum(x)*100)
## lbls <- paste(labels, pct) 
## lbls <- paste(lbls,"%",sep="") 
## 
## pie(x, labels=lbls,main = paste0("pie plot of snps for gene:",genename),col = rainbow(length(x)))
## legend(0.8, 0.9, c("onesnp_onetissue","samesnp_differenttissue"), cex = 0.8,
##        fill = rainbow(length(x)))
## dev.off()
## }
## 
## This code generate the plot but only for one gene.
## Is there anyway to modify it to plot the pie chart for all the gene in separate pdf.
## Thank you.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |0         |0           |7           |pjs               |2023-06-02 21:21:25Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76393207|11    |0     |r,selenium-webdriver,ip,rselenium,connection-timeout                          |2023-06-02 20:07:47Z |pcoppi                      |  9820648|23         |This problem seems to be relatively common but none of the fixes I have seen work for me.
## I am using 64 bit Windows 10.
## I am trying to use RSelenium using docker. I have been trying to roughly follow the documentation here:
## https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RSelenium/vignettes/docker.html
## I have tried starting the docker container using both of the following:
## docker run -d -p 4445:4444 selenium/standalone-chrome
## 
## docker run -d -p 4445:4444 selenium/standalone-chrome:latest
## 
## I have been using inspect  on the resulting container to get the docker host IP. I found that it was 172.17.0.2.
## In R I have tried running the following, using the host IP I found above.
## remDr <- RSelenium::remoteDriver(remoteServerAddr = "172.17.0.2", port = 4445L, browserName = "chrome")
## Sys.sleep(15)
## remDr$open()
## 
## I get the following output:
## Error in checkError(res) : 
##   Undefined error in httr call. httr output: Timeout was reached: [172.17.0.2:4445] Connection timeout after 10012 ms
## 
## I have tried using "localhost" as the value for remoteServerAddr in remoteDriver(). Doing so does not give me a timeout but the remote driver does not seem to actually connect to anything:
## > remDr <- RSelenium::remoteDriver(remoteServerAddr = "localhost", port = 4445L, browserName = "chrome")
## > Sys.sleep(15)
## > remDr$open()
## [1] "Connecting to remote server"
## $id
## [1] NA
## 
## I read that using "localhost" does not work on Windows in general, so it might not be worth paying attention to this.
## I also read somewhere that 172.17.0.2 is an internal address that is not open to the actual Windows computer and that I should use 192.168.99.100 instead. Using this second address gives me the same error:
## Error in checkError(res) : 
##   Undefined error in httr call. httr output: Timeout was reached: [192.168.99.100:4445] Connection timeout after 10009 ms
## 
## Most of the advice I have seen suggests fixing this error by correctly defining remoteServerAddr in remoteDriver() so I am not sure what else I can do. I would like to try increasing the timeout time but I have not figured out how to do so for remDr$open(). I am aware that you can change the timeout time for remote drivers, but this seems to only be for commands that are executed once a server has been connected to.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |0         |0           |2           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76392914|34    |0     |r,replace,gsub                                                                |2023-06-02 19:09:46Z |Simon Harmel                | 16762740|913        |I'm getting the responses to a survey (which is a data.frame) but the responses included several unwanted special (*, " etc.) and HTML (<a8> etc.) characters such as the one show below.
## I was wondering if there might be a way to remove these unwanted characters from Input to achieve my Desired_output?
## Input = "<a8>""""If you do not participate in any school or community activities or clubs, please describe why. (If you do not want to respond to this item, type """"""""skip"""""""".)""""<a8>"
## 
## Desired_output = "If you do not participate in any school or community activities or clubs, please describe why. (If you do not want to respond to this item, type "skip".)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |0           |9           |Wiktor Stribiżew |2023-06-02 19:25:27Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392902|13    |0     |r,shiny                                                                       |2023-06-02 19:07:51Z |ifoxfoot                    | 19803766|119        |I have a shiny app where an event can and should trigger multiple shinyModals, but it only shows one modal. Here is my app code:
## library(shiny)
## library(rlang)
## library(dplyr)
## library(shinyjs)
## 
## 
## ui = fluidPage(
##   sidebarLayout(
## 
##     sidebarPanel(
##       selectInput("select_data_type",
##                   "select data type",
##                   choices = c("letters", "numbers")),
##       uiOutput("select_data"),
##       actionButton("add_data", "Add Data")
##     ),
## 
##     mainPanel(
##       tableOutput("data")
##     )
## 
##   )
## )
## 
## server = function(session, input, output) {
## 
##   #empty df
##   empty_df <- data.frame()
## 
##   #reactive to store data
##   data <- reactiveVal(empty_df)
## 
##   #reactive to store modal dialog btn choice
##   confirm_change <- reactiveVal("empty")
## 
##   #add data to reactive
##   observeEvent(input$add_data, {
##     dat <- data.frame(a = input$select_data) %>%
##       dplyr::rename(!!sym(input$select_data_type) := a)
##     if (nrow(data()) < 1) {
##       data(dat)
##     } else {
##       new_dat <- rbind(data(), dat)
##       data(new_dat)
##     }
##   })
## 
##   #output data selector
##   output$select_data <- renderUI({
##     if (input$select_data_type == "letters") {
##       data_choices <- c("A", "B", "C")
##     } else {data_choices <- c(1:3)}
## 
##     selectizeInput("select_data", "select data", c("", data_choices),
##                    selected = NULL,
##                    multiple = FALSE)
##   })
## 
##   #output data table
##   output$data <- renderTable({
##     data()
##   })
## 
##   #create reactive to store choices
##   previous_dtypes <- reactiveValues(prev = NULL)
## 
##   #store current and previous data type value in reactive element
##   observeEvent(input$select_data_type, {
##     previous_dtypes$prev <- c(tail(previous_dtypes$prev, 1), input$select_data_type)
##   })
## 
##   #if user changes letter, show modal
##   observeEvent(input$select_data_type, {
##     req(nrow(data()) > 0)
## 
##     #here I am attempting to some flow control of sorts to make sure modal isn't triggered endlessly
##     if(confirm_change() != "empty") {
##       confirm_change("empty") }
##     else {
##       #modal code
##       showModal(modalDialog(
##         "Are you sure you want to change your data type?! All data will be deleted!",
##         footer = tagList(actionButton("confirm", "Yes, I'm Sure!",
##                                       class = "btn-danger"),
##                          actionButton("cancel", "Cancel"))
##       ))
##     }
##   })
## 
##   #if numbers is selected, show another modal
##   observeEvent(input$select_data_type, {
##     req(nrow(data()) == 0)
##     if (input$select_data_type == "numbers"){
##       showModal(modalDialog("UHG, NUMBERS?!"))
##     }
##   })
## 
##   #if confirm, erase all data
##   observeEvent(input$confirm, {
##     confirm_change(TRUE)
##     data(empty_df)
##     shinyjs::reset("select_data")
##     removeModal()
##     confirm_change("empty")
##   })
## 
##   #if cancel, go back to prevous data type value
##   observeEvent(input$cancel, {
##     confirm_change(FALSE)
##     updateSelectInput(session, inputId = "select_data_type",
##                       selected = previous_dtypes$prev[1])
##     removeModal()
##   })
## 
## }
## 
## shinyApp(ui, server)
## 
## 
## to reproduce my problem open the app, select any letter from the select data dropdown list, then click add data. Then go back up to the select data type dropdown list and select numbers. A modal will pop up asking to confirm changing the data type. click "yes, I'm sure". It should work but no other modals pop up. What I want is for the the "uhg numbers" modal to pop up.
## The "uhg numbers" modal should pop up only if a. the user choses numbers when there is no other data entered, or b. the user changes to numbers and then clicks "yes, I'm sure" button in the confirm data type modal.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |0         |0           |6           |NA                |NA                                                                                  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## | 76392893|38    |1     |r,openxlsx                                                                    |2023-06-02 19:06:26Z |Laura                       | 21174713|31         |I'm using R to process some data and then OpenXLSX to output to an .xlsx file. I'd like negative numbers to be in accounting format, so in parenthesis (-100 is (100)), but without the $ or decimals.
## If I add the parenthesis during my data processing phase before the OpenXLSX section, that turns it into a character vector, which does not work, I need it to export as a number type. I've also tried
## num <- createStyle(numFmt = "ACCOUNTING")
## addStyle(wb, 1, style = num, rows = 4:53, cols = 3:6, gridExpand = T, stack = T)
## 
## which does add the parenthesis but also adds a dollar sign and two decimals, which I do not want.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |0         |0           |4           |r2evans           |2023-06-02 19:29:56Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392884|33    |0     |r,range,nested-for-loop                                                       |2023-06-02 19:05:27Z |grace.cutler                | 20999380|61         |I apologize in advance for this headache, and in particular, the minimum amount of data I need to give you to reproduce my situation.
## I have two data frames that look like:
## > dput(df_long[1:60,])
## structure(list(id = c("20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", 
## "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", 
## "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", 
## "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", 
## "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", 
## "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-01", 
## "20230420-01", "20230420-01", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", 
## "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", 
## "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", 
## "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", 
## "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", 
## "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", "20230420-02", 
## "20230420-02", "20230420-02"), condition = c("control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", "control", 
## "control", "control", "control", "control"), pairscores = c(4.1, 
## 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 
## 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 
## 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 
## 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 
## 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1), round = c("1", "2", "3", 
## "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", 
## "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", 
## "27", "28", "29", "30", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", 
## "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", 
## "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30"
## ), win = c(1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
## 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
## 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 
## 1), sound = c(1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 
## 7, 8, 8, 1, 4, 8, 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 8, 8, 8, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 
## 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 1, 4, 8, 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 8, 
## 8, 8), ttrs = c(34.8679761886597, 53.7323212623596, 72.872288942337, 
## 95.00337266922, 108.467720985413, 127.519412279129, 140.932771205902, 
## 152.619723320007, 164.774888753891, 189.440443992615, 199.848607540131, 
## 211.736871480942, 228.6589448452, 240.730955839157, 258.806998729706, 
## 272.826892614365, 285.802761793137, 301.402906894684, 314.37718629837, 
## 330.579266309738, 342.812170028686, 353.819888830185, 370.405727863312, 
## 379.25874209404, 386.349495410919, 398.328526258469, 408.155629873276, 
## 420.099550485611, 430.813805341721, 441.291796922684, 34.8679761886597, 
## 53.7323212623596, 72.872288942337, 95.00337266922, 108.467720985413, 
## 127.519412279129, 140.932771205902, 152.619723320007, 164.774888753891, 
## 189.440443992615, 199.848607540131, 211.736871480942, 228.6589448452, 
## 240.730955839157, 258.806998729706, 272.826892614365, 285.802761793137, 
## 301.402906894684, 314.37718629837, 330.579266309738, 342.812170028686, 
## 353.819888830185, 370.405727863312, 379.25874209404, 386.349495410919, 
## 398.328526258469, 408.155629873276, 420.099550485611, 430.813805341721, 
## 441.291796922684), ttbp = c(42.8691244125366, 57.7340142726898, 
## 79.8788452148437, 101.018859148026, 114.473237752914, 130.520850658417, 
## 144.944416761398, 158.633060216904, 173.786515951157, 193.448391675949, 
## 203.859516382217, 220.743315935135, 233.666549682617, 249.745782613754, 
## 265.810203790665, 278.836834669113, 291.811623334885, 302.416656732559, 
## 320.388904809952, 335.58996462822, 347.819845914841, 361.828748226166, 
## 372.408302783966, 380.263983488083, 390.360696315765, 402.329761266708, 
## 411.160075902939, 425.111953496933, 435.816273927689, 450.295118093491, 
## 42.8691244125366, 57.7340142726898, 79.8788452148437, 101.018859148026, 
## 114.473237752914, 130.520850658417, 144.944416761398, 158.633060216904, 
## 173.786515951157, 193.448391675949, 203.859516382217, 220.743315935135, 
## 233.666549682617, 249.745782613754, 265.810203790665, 278.836834669113, 
## 291.811623334885, 302.416656732559, 320.388904809952, 335.58996462822, 
## 347.819845914841, 361.828748226166, 372.408302783966, 380.263983488083, 
## 390.360696315765, 402.329761266708, 411.160075902939, 425.111953496933, 
## 435.816273927689, 450.295118093491), ttbi = c(50.7323212623596, 
## 69.872288942337, 92.00337266922, 105.467720985413, 124.519412279129, 
## 137.932771205902, 149.619723320007, 161.774888753891, 186.440443992615, 
## 196.848607540131, 208.736871480942, 225.6589448452, 237.730955839157, 
## 255.806998729706, 269.826892614365, 282.802761793137, 298.402906894684, 
## 311.37718629837, 327.579266309738, 339.811122179031, 350.818850278854, 
## 367.405727863312, 376.25874209404, 383.348484039307, 395.328526258469, 
## 405.155629873276, 417.099550485611, 427.813805341721, 438.291796922684, 
## 454.063094377518, 50.7323212623596, 69.872288942337, 92.00337266922, 
## 105.467720985413, 124.519412279129, 137.932771205902, 149.619723320007, 
## 161.774888753891, 186.440443992615, 196.848607540131, 208.736871480942, 
## 225.6589448452, 237.730955839157, 255.806998729706, 269.826892614365, 
## 282.802761793137, 298.402906894684, 311.37718629837, 327.579266309738, 
## 339.811122179031, 350.818850278854, 367.405727863312, 376.25874209404, 
## 383.348484039307, 395.328526258469, 405.155629873276, 417.099550485611, 
## 427.813805341721, 438.291796922684, 454.063094377518)), row.names = c(NA, 
## -60L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))
## 
## and the other one I must upload as a .txt file (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oZ-0y5rAEsEuQ0gA_9bdWH6fr4wT7xkJ/view?usp=sharing)
## I would like to get a mean of each emotion in au_slim within au_slim$timestamp ranges equal to range df_long$ttbi - 1 to df_long$ttbi - 1 for each row in df_long. I need to keep track of these by the id in each df, and by the df_long$win associated with each df_long$ttbi. My expected output would be a new df that looks something like:
## 
## id
## win
## ttbi
## happiness
## sadness
## surprise
## fear
## anger
## disgust
## 20230420-01
## 1
## 1
## #
## #
## #
## #
## #
## #
## 20230420-01
## 0
## 2
## #
## #
## #
## #
## #
## #
## 20230420-01
## 1
## 3
## #
## #
## #
## #
## #
## #
## 
## This would, of course, continue for all ids, where each id would have 30 rows (for the 30 ttbi's). I have been poking at this for a few days with basically no success. Frankly, I am just way in over my head code-wise. I know I need to use a for loop to iterate through each id, and probably a nested for loop to run each ttbi in each id. Any help would be great.
## *Note that a lot of the cells in the new df will be 0 (or very close to it). That's fine.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       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      |4           |grace.cutler      |2023-06-03 06:48:49Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392840|40    |1     |r,dataûtable                                                                  |2023-06-02 18:58:05Z |baobab                      | 22007784|13         |I want to conditionally generate output in a column based on values in two other columns using data.table. This is something I want to achieve using a function containing 'if' statements specifically, as I'm just trying to learn how to use data.table. The if statement contains shift(), and I think that this may be the cause of my problems.
## What I have tried so far is the following:
## library(data.table)
## 
## #Data
## 
## DT <- data.table(V1 = sample(LETTERS[1:3], 20, replace = TRUE),
##                  V2 = sample(1:5, 20, replace = TRUE))
## 
## #function
## 
## fun1 <- function(x, y){
##   if(x == "C" & shift(y,  type = "lead") > y){
##     return("Greater")
##   } else if(x == "C" & shift(y,  type = "lead") < y){
##     return("Lesser")
##   } else{
##     return(NA)
##   }
## }
## 
## #function implementation
## 
## DT.v1 <- DT[, V3 := mapply(fun1, x = V1, y = V2)]
## 
## If I run the above, I get the error:
## Error in if (x == "C" & shift(y, type = "lead") > y) { : 
##   missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
## 
## I had an inkling that this error may be caused by comparison with NA in the last iteration as shift(y, type = "lead") would equal NA. Addition of the condition !is.na(shift(y, type = "lead")) in the 'if' statement did stop the error from appearing but leads to generation of only NULL values.
## I have been able to generate my desired output (see script below) but would also like to learn how i can achieve this using 'if' statements in a function.
## DT.v2 <- DT[V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type = "lead") > V2, V3 := "Greater"][
##             V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type = "lead") < V2, V3 := "Lesser"]
## 
## #or an alternative way to generate the desired output:
## 
## DT.v3 <- DT[, V3 := ifelse(V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type = "lead") > V2, "Greater",
##                            ifelse(V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type = "lead") < V2, "Lesser", NA))]
## 
## Can someone help me understand how to implement the function in a correct way? Thanks for taking the time to help!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      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## | 76392784|13    |0     |r,ggplot2                                                                     |2023-06-02 18:50:02Z |Diego                       | 14058289|31         |This question already has answers here:
##                                 
##                             
##                     
##                 
##             
##                     
##                         Use ggplot2 to plot multiple curves
##                             
##                                 (1 answer)
##                             
##                     
##                     
##                         Add multiple curves / functions to one ggplot through looping
##                             
##                                 (2 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                 Closed yesterday.
##         
## 
## 
## I am creating a function that automatically plots curves based on user input. Using the curve() function in base R I managed to plot it like this:
## 
## I would prefer, however, to use ggplot2 instead of base R, but it seems that I need to create a geom_function() line for every curve instead of it being determined automatially based on user input. Is there a solution using loops or maybe lapply? Here is a recreation of my data and the part of the script for plotting that I used with base R:
## df<-data.frame(
##   PseudoA=c(0.3287622, 0.8539452, 0.3293448, 0.1859212, 0.7030731, 0.1382480, 0.4184386, 1.0786543, 1.3189188, 0.9217081, 2.6668777),
##   PseudoB=c(1.0387213, -0.4028699,  0.3206788,  0.8403824, -0.3619186, 0.22062480, -2.95486273, -1.73832891, -1.54281422, -0.44192827, -0.78999262),
##   items<-c('i1','i2','i3','i4','i5','i6','i7','i8','i9','i10','i11')
## )
## 
## rownames(df)<-df$items  
## 
## p<-list()
## eq<- function(x){(1/(1+2.71828^(-1.7*(df$PseudoA[1]*(x-df$PseudoB[1])))))}
## p<-curve(eq, col="white", xlim=c(-4,4),ylim=c(0,1), xlab="Level of Trait", ylab="p(1.0)")# setting up an empty plot to add the curves
## colors<-rainbow(n = nrow(df))
## 
## for(i in 1:11){
##   eq<-function(x){(1/(1+2.71828^(-1.7*(df$PseudoA[i]*(x-df$PseudoB[i])))))}
##   p[i]<-curve(eq, col=colors[i], xlim=c(-4,4), ylim=c(0,1), main="Item Characteristic Curve", lwd=3,add=TRUE)
##   legend(x=-4, y=1, legend=rownames(df), fill=colors, pt.cex=3)
##   p
## }
## 
## Keep in mind that the user would specify the range in the loop (instead of being 1:11 it could be any other range, like 5:9). Any tips would be appreciated!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |0           |2           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76392725|23    |1     |r,ggplot2                                                                     |2023-06-02 18:38:25Z |caveman                     | 19361693|79         |I'm trying to set a dynamic yaxis label that adjusts to either millions or thousands. Because the data is constantly changing each time pulled in, I can't just hardcode it.
## I couldn't find anything on the subject so I was thinking something like an if_else statement would work, but I'm getting an error.
## Reprex is using ChickWeight dataset. Here I was trying to get it scale to million since it meets the minimum threshold, but if it didn't to switch to thousand. Thinking maybe I need to include min and max. Would an if_else even be the right approach? Thanks for any suggestions.
## df <- ChickWeight
## 
## lumpy <- (ChickWeight$weight * 10000)
## 
## df %>% 
##   ggplot(., aes(x = `Time`, y = lumpy)) +
##   if_else(lumpy >= 1000000,
##   scale_y_continuous(name = NULL, 
##                      labels =  ~scales::comma(., scale = 1/1000000, suffix = "M", accuracy = 1)),
##   scale_y_continuous(name = NULL, 
##                      labels =  ~scales::comma(., scale = 1/100000, suffix = "K", accuracy = 1)))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |6           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76392709|17    |0     |r,ggplot2,legend,facet-wrap,facet-grid                                        |2023-06-02 18:34:36Z |Linton                      |  8671652|11         |I am using ggplot2 to create a heatmap, and am grouping my y variable by a categorical variable using facet_grid(). My y variables are genes of interest, and I am grouping them by their respective Pathways using facet_grid().
## The pathway names are so long that I gave most of them acronyms, but want to use a legend to detail exactly what each acronym stands for.
## How can I add a separate legend specifically for the variable I am calling in facet_grid()?
## So far, everything I have found online tells me how to customize legends pertaining to the x or y variable - but I can't seem to find anything on how to create a legend specifically for the facet_grid() or facet_wrap() variables.
## I already have a legend describing the color gradient in the heatmap, and do not want to lose this legend.
## I have also included a screenshot of the kind of legend I'd like to make.
## I have attached a screenshot of one of my heatmaps showing the facet_grid() labels - some of these labels are abbrevations that I want to explain in a legend.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 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## | 76392631|53    |2     |r,dataframe,summarize                                                         |2023-06-02 18:22:09Z |stats_noob                  | 13203841|5,117      |I am working with the R programming language.
## I have the following dataset:
## library(dplyr)
## 
## df = structure(list(ethnicity = c("c", "c", "c", "b", "c", "b", "b", 
## "b", "c", "a", "b", "b", "a", "b", "c", "a", "c", "c", "a", "a", 
## "a", "a", "c", "b", "c", "b", "a", "b", "c", "b", "a", "c", "c", 
## "a", "c", "b", "a", "c", "a", "a", "b", "c", "c", "a", "c", "a", 
## "c", "b", "a", "b", "a", "a", "c", "a", "b", "a", "a", "c", "a", 
## "b", "a", "c", "a", "c", "b", "c", "b", "b", "c", "b", "b", "c", 
## "c", "a", "b", "b", "a", "b", "a", "a", "b", "c", "c", "a", "b", 
## "a", "b", "a", "c", "c", "b", "c", "a", "b", "b", "c", "b", "a", 
## "c", "c"), number_of_degrees = c(3L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 
## 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 3L, 2L, 
## 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 
## 2L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 
## 3L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 1L, 
## 3L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 
## 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 2L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
## -100L))
## 
## 
## df %>%
##     # Group the data by number_of_degrees
##     group_by(number_of_degrees) %>%
##     # Calculate the percentage of each ethnicity within each group
##     summarize(
##         percent_a = mean(ethnicity == "a") * 100,
##         percent_b = mean(ethnicity == "b") * 100,
##         percent_c = mean(ethnicity == "c") * 100
##     )
## 
## This produces the following output:
## # A tibble: 3 x 4
##   number_of_degrees percent_a percent_b percent_c
##               <int>     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>
## 1                 1      33.3      36.7      30  
## 2                 2      31.6      21.1      47.4
## 3                 3      34.4      40.6      25  
## 
## My Question: Is there a more "compact" way to write this code such that I don't have to manually write "percent_a","percent_b", etc.? This way, it would be much faster and automatically do it for all values of ethnicity.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |3         |21          |72          |ThomasIsCoding    |2023-06-02 18:50:17Z, 2023-06-02 18:49:34Z, 2023-06-02 20:03:15Z                                                                                                               |
## | 76392610|27    |0     |r,rename,mutate                                                               |2023-06-02 18:18:35Z |Sara Haas                   | 22009067|11         |I am trying to rename observations in R so that I can filter and I keep running into errors.  For example, if the data set was
##        farmer           fruit           number 
## 1       Sally       strawberries        32
## 2       Joe         strawberry         12
## 3       Bob           pear            42
## 
## but I wanted to calculate how many farmers are growing strawberries.
## How would I get it to be
##        farmer           fruit           number 
## 1       Sally       **strawberry**          32
## 2       Joe         strawberry         12
## 3       Bob           pear            42
## 
## I tried
## df1 <- df %>% 
##   mutate(fruit = str_replace(fruit, "strawberries", "strawberry"))
## 
## and nothing changed.
## I also tried
## df1 <- df %>% 
## +   mutate(fruit = as.character(fruit)) %>%
## +   mutate(fruit = replace(fruit, fruit = "strawberries", "strawberry"))
## 
## and got an error.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |0           |joran             |2023-06-02 18:19:59Z, 2023-06-02 18:29:28Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76392410|29    |1     |r,plot                                                                        |2023-06-02 17:46:11Z |Adeeb Graissy               | 14773496|11         |I am making a diagram with R and i want to make a diagram showing movie budgets for different genres.
## My problem is that most movies have more than one genre, for example (Drama, Comdey) or (Drama,Adventure, Sci-Fi):
## 
## How can i make movies have only one genre?, like (Drama), (Adventure), (Horror), (Western),...
## for example movie with genre(Drama, Comdey) and movie with genre (Drama,Adventure, Sci-Fi) will be added to genre (Drama)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |0           |2           |Konrad Rudolph    |2023-06-02 17:51:17Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392409|39    |0     |r,ggplot2,histogram                                                           |2023-06-02 17:45:54Z |Billy                       | 19763658|27         |I have a dataset which has multiple columns and one of them is a categorical variable. The categorical variable takes 3 values: 1, 2, 3. I want to create a plot in ggplot which will have the 3 histograms one below the other and then I want to add below the third histogram, the histogram in which we don't take into consideration the categorical variable. So far I have written the below code
## #The name of the dataset is dataset.clust
## 
## dataset.clust$cluster = factor(dataset.clust$cluster)
## 
## library(patchwork)
## library(ggplot2
## 
## dataset.clust$cluster = factor(dataset.clust$cluster)
## 
## hist_plot1 = ggplot(dataset.clust, aes(x = population, fill = cluster)) +
##   geom_histogram(position = "identity", alpha = 0.7) +
##   facet_wrap(~ cluster, nrow = 3) +
##   scale_fill_manual(values = c("red", "green", "blue")) +
##   guides(fill = guide_legend(title = "Cluster")) +
##   ggtitle("Grouped Histograms for population")
## 
## # Second Histogram
## hist_plot2 = ggplot(dataset.clust, aes(x = population)) +
##   geom_histogram(fill = "yellow", color = "black")
## 
## # Combine histograms and arrange vertically
## combined_plot = hist_plot1 / hist_plot2
## 
## print(combined_plot)
## 
## The above code gives me this
## Does anyone know how to combine these plots in one so that the four plots have the same x and y axis?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |6           |Billy             |2023-06-03 14:43:04Z, 2023-06-03 15:45:07Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76392386|10    |0     |r,mathematical-optimization,portfolio,r-portfolioanalytics                    |2023-06-02 17:40:40Z |Manolo Medina               | 19671360|13         |How to add a VaR constraint to the portfolio optimization function?
## I'm trying to optimize a portfolio using PortfolioAnalytics maximizing the Sharpe Ratio, given the following constraints:
## The sum of the weights must equal 1.
## The maximum weight per asset must not exceed 0.1.
## The maximum VaR of the porfolio must not exceed 0.025.
## I have tried adding the VaR constraint...
## # As type = "risk".
## portf <- PortfolioAnalytics::add.constraint(portf, type = "risk",
##                                             return_target = -0.025,
##                                             sense = "<=",
##                                             name = "VaR")
## ######
## portf <- PortfolioAnalytics::add.constraint(portf, type = "risk", name = "VaR",
##                                             max = 0.025)
## 
## # As type = "return".
## 
## portf <- PortfolioAnalytics::add.constraint(portf, type = "return",
##                                             return_type = "VaR",
##                                             return_threshold = -0.025,
##                                             sens = "<=")
## ####
## portf <- PortfolioAnalytics::add.constraint(portf, type = "return", name = "VaR",
##                                             max = 0.025)
## 
## # As add.objective(portf, type = "risk")
## 
## port <- PortfolioAnalytics::add.objective(port, type = "risk",
##                                           name = "VaR", max = 0.025)
## 
## 
## Any help would be greatly appreciated.
## Thanks in advance!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |3           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76392367|25    |0     |r,googlesheets4                                                               |2023-06-02 17:37:06Z |Zack                        | 11672339|98         |When using the package googlesheets4 is there any method for writing data to a sheet skipping the first row so that the data being written to a sheet starts at row 2? I am hoping to leverage something similar to when you read a sheet and utilize ex. skip = 2 to read data starting at the 3rd row
## I have tried the following which does not work
## write_sheet(data = df, ss = "google_sheet_url", skip = 1, sheet = "test")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |0           |6           |Konrad Rudolph    |2023-06-02 17:52:31Z, 2023-06-02 19:03:55Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76392347|15    |0     |r,mixed-models                                                                |2023-06-02 17:33:27Z |Phoenix Byrne               | 19648368|1          |I want to run a mixed ANCOVA with the Block as a within-subject factor and Condition as a between-subject factor. My DV is ResponseBias and my covariates are Age and mA. Here is an example of what my dataframe looks like:
## Subject Condition   Block   Age  mA   ResponseBias
## 705        c          1     22   2.1  0.133297538
## 705                   2               0.109737012
## 705                   3              -0.064639146
## 706        u          1     21  0.9  -0.012777052
## 706                   2              -0.118587142
## 706                   3              -0.423479985
## 
## My question is, how do I deal with the fact that some variables are not the same length? Surely duplicating the Condition, Age and mA columns per subject ID to make them the same length would influence the ANCOVA?
## I hope this makes sense, any clarification would be greatly appreciated!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |0           |Phil              |2023-06-02 18:18:43Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392326|15    |0     |r,r-markdown,knitr                                                            |2023-06-02 17:28:41Z |qdread                      |  2854608|3,309      |I would like to use results = 'asis' in a RMarkdown chunk option, to programmatically print section headings in a loop, as described in the cookbook.
## I would also like to have multiple figures side-by-side using fig.show = 'hold', out.width = '50%' as also described in the cookbook.
## However when I try to combine both those options into one chunk, it doesn't work because it causes all the headings to print first, then all the plots at the end.
## Is there any way to programmatically create headings in a loop and show side-by-side figures at the same time?
## Example of what I have tried
## ---
## title: "fig.show asis reprex"
## output: html_document
## ---
## 
## ```{r, results = 'asis', fig.show = 'hold', out.width = '50%', echo = FALSE, warning = FALSE, message = FALSE}
## library(ggplot2)
## 
## for (i in 1:3) {
##   cat(paste('\n\n# Column', i, 'of the wonderful mtcars dataset\n\n'))
##   print(ggplot(mtcars, aes_string(x = names(mtcars)[1])) + geom_boxplot())
##   print(ggplot(mtcars, aes_string(x = names(mtcars)[1])) + geom_histogram())
##   
## }
## ```
## 
## Sadly, I get this output, instead of having each header appear directly above the appropriate figures:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |0         |19          |34          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76392259|33    |0     |r,plot,time-series,scatter-plot                                               |2023-06-02 17:18:21Z |Damiano                     | 20177423|1          |I am trying to create a series of scatterplots (x=PC1, y=PC2) for a bunch of data I have collected. I am having issues plotting the data through time, specifically, automating the creation of plots relative to specific time bins. I have hundreds of entries and I already wasted too much time trying to divide the dataset manually.
## The data has been collected similarly to this example:
## 
## SPECIES
## GROUP
## APPEARANCE
## DISAPPEARANCE
## PC1
## PC2
## Alpha
## A
## 1
## 2
## -0.100119669
## 0.0595756
## Beta
## B
## 1
## 2
## 0.217854357
## -0.010260947
## Gamma
## B
## 1
## 5
## 0.193998962
## -0.029757206
## Delta
## B
## 2
## 3
## 0.126089613
## 0.014409345
## Epsilon
## D
## 3
## 4
## -0.094182811
## -0.004406088
## 
## Here we assume that each time bin lasts 1 unit (i.e.  a species appears at time 1 and disappears at time 2). As you see, some species last longer than others, thus belonging to multiple time bins.
## I have tried all that my beginner knowledge allowed me to conjure and searched for an answer on the internet,  but I am still very much a pen-and-paper scientist. I really need some help with this.
## I have tried all that my beginner knowledge allowed me to conjure and searched for an answer on the internet.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |0         |0           |0           |Phil              |2023-06-02 18:17:50Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392228|19    |0     |r,regression,lme4                                                             |2023-06-02 17:14:14Z |Svenja                      | 22009129|11         |I have a dataset on students in classrooms. After multiple multilevel imputation with mice (pooling with mitml), I have 20 datasets. I now want to apply multilevel regression. The "normal" regressions work fine, but as soon as I include interaction terms I don't understand the output anymore. Example:
## I want to calculate the effect of the interaction between mean achievement (meanmath, L2) and classroom climate (cc, L2) on individual achievement (math, L1). The equation looks like this:
## Int1 <- with(data, lmer(math ~ meanmath*cc + (1&#124;classID)))
## 
## In the output I now get the following estimates:
## (Intercept) 0.34
## meanmath    0.22
## cc1        -0.43
## cc2        -0.69
## cc3        -0.66
## meanmath*cc1 -0.16
## meanmath*cc2 0.12 
## meanmath*cc3 0.23
## 
## These cc1-3 variables do not exist in my dataset, neither in the original one, nor in the imputed ones. Could maybe someone tell me how I could find where these variables come from?
## I tried to run the equation with just one of the imputed datasets -> Same thing happened
## I made sure that there are the same variables in all imputed datasets -> This is the case
## Details from comment:
## data$cc is a Factor w/ 4 Levels: "1", "2", "3", "4". Otherwise the variables are all continuous.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |0         |0           |0           |user20650         |2023-06-02 17:24:44Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392177|34    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 17:05:33Z |Sou                         | 21976989|11         |How do you number values by group in R?
## for example i want the following table:
## 100 1
## 100 2
## 100 3
## 200 1
## 200 2
## 200 3
## 300 1
## 300 2
## 300 3
## 
## I want to write a function that will create a unique value for each member of particular group. Group here being '100', '200', '300'. I want to generate unique value for each member of the group and then when the group changes, I want R to start numbering each of the values in that group from 1 again. How do I accomplish this? Is it possible to do this with base R?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |0           |0           |margusl           |2023-06-02 17:10:46Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76392149|26    |0     |r,linear-programming,lpsolve                                                  |2023-06-02 17:00:22Z |Lcsballer1                  | 15343136|97         |Here is the data I'm working with:
## structure(list(Name = c("Jokic", "Butler", "Murray", "Adebayo", 
## "Porter", "Gordon", "Martin", "Pope", "Vincent", "Lowry", "Brown", 
## "Strus", "Robinson", "Green", "Highsmith"), Points = c(62.8, 
## 48.8, 45.8, 41.8, 35.3, 30.3, 29.3, 23.8, 23.3, 22.3, 21.8, 19, 
## 16.3, 8.5, 6.8), Cost = c(14000, 13400, 10800, 9200, 7600, 6600, 
## 7400, 5600, 5800, 5200, 6200, 4800, 4200, 2200, 1400)), class = c("tbl_df", 
## "tbl", "data.frame"), row.names = c(NA, -15L))
## 
## Here's my current code:
## library(readxl)
## library(tidyverse)
## library(lpSolveAPI)
## 
## # Read the data from Excel
## data <- read_excel("C:/Users/M0185JN/Downloads/NBA_1.xlsx")
## data$cpt_points <- 1.5*data$Points
## data$cpt_cost <- 1.5*data$Cost
## 
## #Players
## num_players <- rep(1,nrow(data))
## num_captain <- rep(1,nrow(data))
## 
## # Define the objective function coefficients
## obj <- data$Points*num_players + data$cpt_points*num_captain
## 
## # Create a new LP model
## lprec <- make.lp(nrow(data), nrow(data))
## 
## # Set the optimization direction to maximize
## lp.control(lprec, sense = "maximize")
## 
## # Set the objective function coefficients
## set.objfn(lprec, obj)
## 
## # Set type of decision variables
## set.type(lprec, 1:nrow(data), type = "binary")
## 
## # Constraint: Pick exactly 5 players
## add.constraint(lprec, num_players, "=", 5)
## add.constraint(lprec, num_captain, "=", 1)
## 
## # Constraint: Total cost must be less than or equal to 50,000
## add.constraint(lprec, data$Cost*num_players + data$cpt_cost*num_captain, "<=", 50000)
## 
## # Constraint: No Duplicate Players
## add.constraint(lprec, num_players + num_captain, "<=", 1)
## 
## # Solve the linear programming problem
## solve(lprec)
## 
## # Get the solution status
## status <- get.solutioncount(lprec)
## 
## # Check if a solution was found
## if (status > 0) {
##   # Retrieve the values of the decision variables
##   player_picked <- get.variables(lprec)
##   
##   # Create a data frame with the players and their corresponding picked status
##   result <- data.frame(Name = data$Name, Picked = player_picked)
##   
##   # Filter the data frame to show only the players that were picked (Picked = 1)
##   picked_players <- result[result$Picked == 1, ]
##   
##   # Print the picked players
##   print(picked_players)
## } else {
##   print("No feasible solution found.")
## }
## 
## The code is continuing to give me a "No Feasible Solution Found." when I know for a fact there is. Here are the constraints better explained:
## I have to pick 6 players
## 1 is going to get cpt_points and cpt_cost while the others are getting Points and Cost.
## You can also not pick the same player to get both.
## Total cost cannot exceed 50000.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |0         |0           |8           |Dave2e            |2023-06-02 20:57:51Z, 2023-06-02 22:31:42Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76392055|46    |0     |r,regex,string                                                                |2023-06-02 16:44:33Z |Adrian                      |  3391549|9,275      |library(stringr)
## string <- string <- c("pat1 hello333\n pat2 ok i mean pat1 again pat2 some more text pat1")
## 
## I want to match all strings that start with pat1 and end with pat2.
## > str_extract_all(
##   string,
##   regex(
##     "pat1.+pat2",
##     dotall=TRUE
##   )
## )
## [[1]]
## [1] "pat1 hello333\n pat2 ok i mean pat1 again pat2"
## 
## This gives me 1 string that starts with pat1 and ends with pat2. However, my desired output is something like:
## > output
## [1] "pat1 hello333\n pat2"
## [2] "pat1 again pat2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |24        |73          |131         |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76391960|28    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 16:29:38Z |dicegods                    | 13332692|25         |I have a function here, where my intent is to add a record to the table.  The column name is dynamically defined based on the firstCharVar variable.
## The dataframe tblname is a blank table.  The first character field in that table is called myvar.  There are other columns in that table, and they should remain blank.
## #update tables if no records
## NoData = function(tblname) {
##   if (nrow(tblname) == 0) {
## 
##   #get column name of first character field
##   allColumns = data.frame(
##     colName = colnames(tblname),
##     colIndex = 1:ncol(tblname),
##     colClass = sapply(tblname, class)
##   )
##   charVars     = allColumns[allColumns$colClass == 'character', ]
##   firstCharVar = unfactor(charVars$colName[1])
## 
##   #run insert statement
##   #this doesn't work
##   #Error: unexpected '=' in "tblname = tblname %>% add_row(!!firstCharVar ="
##   #tblname = add_row(tblname, !!firstCharVar = 'No Data Found')
## 
##   #but this does
##   tblname = add_row(tblname, myvar = 'No Data Found')
## 
##   
##   #clean up stuff used in function
##   #rm(allColumns, charVars, firstCharVar)
## }}
## 
## temp2 = NoData(temp2)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |6           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76391906|32    |1     |r,ggplot2,custom-function                                                     |2023-06-02 16:21:37Z |seansteele                  | 12032850|619        |TLDR -Why doesn't this custom function work?
## library(ggplot2)
## dat <- data.frame(date = c("2023-06-01", "2023-06-02", "2023-06-03"),
##                   shots = c(8, 12, 10),
##                   passes = c(340, 410, 390))
## 
## cust_ggplot <- function(df, date, metric){
##   
##   min_date <- min({{ date }}) # invalid 'type' (closure argument)
##   # min_date <- min(!! ensym(date))  # Error in !ensym(x): invalid argument type.
##   # min_date <- min(df[[date]]) # works if date is enclosed in quotes like this dat &#124;> cust_title("date", "shots")
##                                 # But I want it to look like tidyverse function with no quotes needed.
##   
## }
## 
## dat &#124;> 
##   cust_ggplot(date, shots)
## 
## I would like to emulate the tidyverse style and not have to use dat &#124;> cust_title("date", "shots")
## Full walkthru:
## I am trying to turn this simple ggplot code into a function.
## ### Data
## dat <- data.frame(date = c("2023-06-01", "2023-06-02", "2023-06-03"),
##                   shots = c(8, 12, 10),
##                   passes = c(340, 410, 390)
## )
## 
## ### Working Code
## dat &#124;>
##   ggplot(aes(x = date, y = shots)) +
##   geom_col() +
##   ggtitle(
##     paste(
##       "Shot Totals from",
##       min(dat$date),
##       "-",
##       max(dat$date)
##     )
##   )
## 
## I can get the plot to work just fine via
## ### Turn it into a function
## 
## # This portion works
## cust_ggplot <- function(df, date, metric){
##   
##   df &#124;>
##     ggplot(aes(x = {{ date }}, y = {{ metric }} )) +
##     geom_col() 
##   
## }
## 
## dat &#124;> 
##   cust_ggplot(date, shots) +
##   ggtitle("Shot Totals")
## 
## But when I try to find the min or max dates to pass to the subtitle, none of my attempts work.
## cust_ggplot <- function(df, date, metric){
##   
##   # min_date <- min({{ date }}) invalid 'type' (closure argument)
##   # min_date <- min(!! ensym(date))  #Error in !ensym(x): invalid argument type.
##   # min_date <- min(df[[date]]) # works if date is enclosed in quotes like this dat &#124;> cust_title("date", "shots")
##                                 # But I want it to look like tidyverse function with no quotes needed.
##   
##   df &#124;>
##     ggplot(aes(x = {{ date }}, y = {{ metric }} )) +
##     geom_col() 
##   
## }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |3           |10          |NA                |2023-06-02 16:49:39Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76391856|13    |0     |r,tidyverse                                                                   |2023-06-02 16:15:46Z |Gato                        | 14336726|365        |I cannot understand what's going on. I think this is related to the updating of R that I did before this problem occured. After running the code below I get an error message "Error in enc2utf8(path) : argument is not a character vector"
## My data comes from an ordinary csv file.
## Mydata <- read_csv(Mydata, col_names = c(
##     "var1", "var2", "var3", "var4", 
##     "var5", "var6", "var7")) %>% 
##   mutate(var7 = factor(var7))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |2           |10          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76391852|31    |0     |r,ggplot2,histogram                                                           |2023-06-02 16:15:02Z |roma                        | 21763379|25         |(if you are only interested in the problem, then go to "What if in short?")
## What kind of stupid question?
## I'm doing work and before that I built all graphics with x and I don't want to change the style.
## And now I need a histogram, but it does not suit me with ggplot2.
## What do I mean?
## I took the width of the column from hist(), so there will be the same number of them
## (which can be seen from the graphs),
## but in hist() and as I want,
## the bars do NOT cross the important/magic number 0.0012,
## and in `geom_histogramm' intersects.
## And if it's short?
## How to "shift" histogram bars with ggplot2 so that they do not cross a certain number (0.0012)?
## Or, how to make a histogram shorter with "data" from hist() and design with ggplot2?
## Here is my code:
## # check bin width
##   standart_hist <- hist(my_vector, plot = F)
##   bw <- standart_hist$breaks[2] - standart_hist$breaks[1]
##   
##   # create hist with ggplot and bw from standart hist
##   gghist <- ggplot(mapping = aes(my_vector)) +
##     geom_histogram(
##       binwidth = bw,
##       color = "black",
##       fill = "white"
##     ) 
## 
## and result:
## my hist
## 
## standard hist
## 
## FIX:
## from joran --- instead of geom_histogram() use stat_bin() as here:
## stat_bin(geom = 'bar',breaks = <breaks vector from hist() output>)
## 
## My data:
## my_vector <- (0.001201367, 0.001199250, 0.001198337, 0.001199200, 0.001199353, 0.001198439, 0.001202447, 0.001205639, 0.001207056, 0.001209714, 0.001204478, 0.001200064, 0.001199386, 0.001199976, 0.001200569, 0.001204738, 0.001208508, 0.001201491, 0.001200995, 0.001199861, 0.001200242, 0.001196367, 0.001200365, 0.001201807, 0.001194364, 0.001197196, 0.001192705, 0.001196178, 0.001192991, 0.001189777, 0.001194227, 0.001197158, 0.001204336, 0.001201081, 0.001201100, 0.001204755, 0.001198810, 0.001202090, 0.001194370, 0.001188529, 0.001191450, 0.001193616, 0.001195733, 0.001198886, 0.001201353, 0.001206878, 0.001201262, 0.001194806, 0.001196192, 0.001193215, 0.001195030, 0.001198202, 0.001184351, 0.001191890, 0.001192882, 0.001194621, 0.001203256, 0.001204150, 0.001197425, 0.001198002, 0.001196185, 0.001194915, 0.001198281, 0.001201858, 0.001195349, 0.001196401, 0.001205476, 0.001201740, 0.001197276, 0.001189442, 0.001192760, 0.001196846, 0.001201342, 0.001204854, 0.001202979, 0.001203136, 0.001199926, 0.001197398, 0.001199905, 0.001199252, 0.001198486, 0.001197114, 0.001196829, 0.001200228, 0.001199666, 0.001194918, 0.001204005, 0.001201363, 0.001204183, 0.001205889, 0.001204553, 0.001202369, 0.001203922, 0.001197001, 0.001200020, 0.001202672, 0.001201746, 0.001203532, 0.001198699, 0.001200975, 0.001202635, 0.001203121, 0.001190614, 0.001199029, 0.001200372, 0.001193731, 0.001193428, 0.001200259, 0.001195203, 0.001194854, 0.001193173, 0.001198266, 0.001195362, 0.001195252, 0.001201008, 0.001199291, 0.001196653, 0.001200357, 0.001201623, 0.001207463, 0.001199381, 0.001198047, 0.001196305, 0.001200419, 0.001208689, 0.001197434, 0.001193885, 0.001198708, 0.001204741, 0.001204281, 0.001193663, 0.001200234, 0.001203809, 0.001199003, 0.001195127, 0.001192189, 0.001187610, 0.001191390, 0.001200602, 0.001197817, 0.001202045, 0.001203998, 0.001205508, 0.001201051, 0.001202057, 0.001208911, 0.001203928, 0.001202267, 0.001201434, 0.001202647, 0.001210024, 0.001210509, 0.001207881, 0.001206928, 0.001206128, 0.001203866, 0.001202204, 0.001204511, 0.001202310, 0.001197504, 0.001199019, 0.001200713, 0.001204197, 0.001204649, 0.001207965, 0.001201847, 0.001200585, 0.001203446, 0.001195972, 0.001202405, 0.001197182, 0.001191603, 0.001197663, 0.001202259, 0.001201008, 0.001200354, 0.001198090, 0.001193479, 0.001202457, 0.001201156, 0.001196038, 0.001201092, 0.001205488, 0.001212173, 0.001203497, 0.001208846, 0.001198349, 0.001200047, 0.001200799, 0.001206939, 0.001207142, 0.001201970, 0.001202742, 0.001204795, 0.001198463, 0.001201559, 0.001201344, 0.001206085, 0.001205526, 0.001197508)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |0         |0           |8           |roma              |2023-06-02 16:54:20Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76391835|14    |0     |r,ggplot2                                                                     |2023-06-02 16:12:52Z |Bruno Avila                 | 18543318|43         |I'm on a project to evaluate the competitive risk between my variable of interest and the competitive event. I created the following code that returned a graph.
## cuminc(Surv(TIME,STATUS,type="mstate") ~ SEX, BASE) %>%
## ggcuminc(outcome = c(“1”,“2”)) + xlim(0,90) + ylim(0,0.2) + add_risktable() + scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 90, by = 10), limits = c(0, 90)) +theme_classic() + theme(legend.position = 'bottom', legend.direction = “horizontal”)
## 
## 
## I'd like to insert some information and formatting, but I'm not having success.
## 1 - Insert the p-value (0.12 and 0.25) and the name of the variables (death and non-death) at the end of the upper and lower lines;
## 2 - Change the legend, because 1 and 2 are coming. I would like to change it to death and non-death. I tried using “rename” inside “outcome” and it didn't work.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |0         |0           |3           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76391830|10    |0     |r,linear-regression,glm,interaction                                           |2023-06-02 16:12:36Z |Ajna F Kertesz              | 22008813|1          |I'm running a linear regression model with a 3-way interaction, and the model runs, but it does not give me the actual interactions, how can I check if there's any interaction between the 3 terms (smart, behave and grades)?
## Generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood (Laplace
##   Approximation) [glmerMod]
##  Family: binomial  ( logit )
## Formula: Conformity_pref ~ Smart * Behave * Grades + (1 &#124; PID)
##    Data: MV_final
## 
##      AIC      BIC   logLik deviance df.resid 
##   8310.7   8340.2  -4151.4   8302.7    11585 
## 
## Scaled residuals: 
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.62796 -0.11064  0.07686  0.11559  2.22275 
## 
## Random effects:
##  Groups Name        Variance Std.Dev.
##  PID    (Intercept) 20.66    4.545   
## Number of obs: 11589, groups:  PID, 1295
## 
## Fixed effects:
##             Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>&#124;z&#124;)    
## (Intercept)  3.83492    0.30598   12.53   <2e-16 ***
## Smart       -0.81602    0.07850  -10.39   <2e-16 ***
## Behave       1.15429    0.08672   13.31   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
## 
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
##        (Intr) Smart 
## Smart  -0.228       
## Behave -0.005  0.415
## fit warnings:
## fixed-effect model matrix is rank deficient so dropping 5 columns / coefficients
## 
## I expect prediction terms such as Smart x Behave, Behave x Grades, Grades x Smart.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |0         |0           |0           |Phil              |2023-06-02 16:33:46Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76391751|19    |0     |r,if-statement,match                                                          |2023-06-02 16:01:00Z |hcg                         |  7395807|316        |I have two datasets using r:
## df_100= data.frame(siteid=c(seq(1,5,1),conflu=c(3,2,4,5,6),diflu=c(9,2,30,2,5))
## df_full= data.frame(siteid=c(seq(1,10,2),conflu=c(6,3,5,2,3),diflu=c(5,9,2,30,7))
## 
## If the siteid is the same between df_100 and df_full, I want to take the difference between the conflu columns of each data frame and the same with the diflu columns. I also want that output to be put into a new dataframe, where the siteid is retained and the difference between the columns creates a new column. For example:
## df_difference=data.frame(siteid=c(1,3,5), diff_con=c(3,1,-3), diff_dif=c(-4,-18,2))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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## | 76391676|21    |0     |r,ggplot2,icons,gt,mutate                                                     |2023-06-02 15:50:44Z |Essi                        |  8962951|767        |I want to create a table with different symbols depending on a string. I have a big df with multiple character values in one cell. I created this simple example:
## df = as.data.frame(c("AP1, BP3, CP2, AN2", "AN3", "BN1, CP3, AP3", "AP2, BN3, CN1"))
## colnames(df) = "V1"
## 
## df$V2 = c("CP1", "BN2, CP1", "AP2, AN1", "CP3")
## df$V3 = c("BP2", "AN2, CP2", "AP3, BN1", "CN1")
## 
##                   V1       V2       V3
## 1 AP1, BP3, CP2, AN2      CP1      BP2
## 2                AN3 BN2, CP1 AN2, CP2
## 3      BN1, CP3, AP3 AP2, AN1 AP3, BN1
## 4      AP2, BN3, CN1      CP3      CN1
## 
## I want to mutate the character values into different colored symbols with the letters A, B or C in it. For example "AP1", should be a light red square with an "A" in it. The first letter is the letter that should be in the symbol, the 2nd letter is either "P" or "N". P should be red, N should be blue. And the number in the string is the intensity of the color, so 1 is only light, 3 is strong.
## I know gt-table and also how to mutate CP1 into a symbol like that. But the problem now is, that I have multiple entries within 1 cell.
## I would like to devide each column into a P and N column and then list the individual strings in rows by 2, so that in the end I have something like that:
## 
## Any idea how I can easily transfer this df into a table like that?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |3         |12          |20          |NA                |NA                                   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## | 76391552|44    |0     |r,regex,string                                                                |2023-06-02 15:30:40Z |Adrian                      |  3391549|9,275      |This question already has answers here:
##                                 
##                             
##                     
##                 
##             
##                     
##                         How do I match any character across multiple lines in a regular expression?
##                             
##                                 (26 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                 Closed yesterday.
##         
## 
## 
## mystring <- "some irrelevant information999 \n ELSEIF\n                            (\n                                number IN (11112234) \n                                AND value = 1  \n                                AND  reference >= 230.0\n                            )) criteria ) followed by more irrelevant info \n \n"
## 
## From the string above, I would like to extract the substring that starts with ELSEIF\n      (\n and ends with )) criteria ).
## Interestingly, I can match the starting pattern and ending pattern separately:
## library(stringr)
## > str_extract_all(mystring, "ELSEIF\n[[:space:]]+\\(\n")
## [[1]]
## [1] "ELSEIF\n                            (\n"
## 
## > str_extract_all(mystring, "\\)\\) criteria \\)")
## [[1]]
## [1] ")) criteria )"
## 
## but just not together:
## > str_extract_all(mystring, "ELSEIF\n[[:space:]]+\\(\n.+\\)\\) criteria \\)")
##   [[1]]
##   character(0)
## 
## The desired output is this:
## > output
## [1] "ELSEIF\n                            (\n                                number IN (11112234) \n                                AND value = 1  \n                                AND  reference >= 230.0\n                            )) criteria )"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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## | 76391482|22    |0     |r,ggplot2                                                                     |2023-06-02 15:20:50Z |MOHAMMED                    | 14380761|396        |I want to plot some functions with their gradients using the ggplot2 package in r.
## p = 3
## n0 = 100
## z0 = seq(0.01, 0.99, length = n0)
## AB0 = matrix(rbeta(600,4,1), nrow = n0)
## 
## library(ggplot2)
## ab.names=c(paste("g",1:p,sep=""),paste("g' ",1:p,sep=""))
## pl0=ggplot(data.frame(ab = c(AB0), ID = rep(ab.names, each = n0), Z = z0),
##            aes(x = Z, y = ab)) +
##   geom_point() +
##   facet_wrap(~ID, scales = "free",nrow = 2, ncol = p) + theme_bw() +
##   ggtitle("Unpenalized VCM",expression(nabla~"g  and  "~"g")) + ylab("")
## 
## I want to switch the rows and add the nabla symbol in the title of the plots in the 1st row before switching them to the second row. To be clear, the 1st row is for the functions, and the 2nd row is for the gradients where the nabla symbol should appear in the title.
## Here is a screenshot of the outcome                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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## | 76391426|7     |0     |r,amazon-web-services,docker,aws-lambda,dockerfile                            |2023-06-02 15:14:08Z |user_123                    |  2588072|98         |This is my current error when testing my lambda function through the AWS web interface. I'm unable to find the libraries to use the function
## {
##   "error_message": "Error in library(aws.s3): there is no package called ‘aws.s3’\n"
## }
## 
## OpenBLAS WARNING - could not determine the L2 cache size on this system, assuming 256k
## INFO [2023-06-02 14:43:28] Handler found: process_landsat_temp.process
## INFO [2023-06-02 14:43:28] Using function process from process_landsat_temp.R
## INFO [2023-06-02 14:43:28] Querying for events
## START RequestId: 70264185-8846-4b70-9399-dfe8e58ed066 Version: $LATEST
## ERROR [2023-06-02 14:43:28] Error in library(aws.s3): there is no package called ‘aws.s3’
## END RequestId: 70264185-8846-4b70-9399-dfe8e58ed066
## 
## This is my dockerfile to create the container image. I've read that lambda expects libraries to be installed at /opt/lib, and I was setting that using the R_LIBS_USER.
## FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/provided:al2
## 
## ENV R_VERSION=4.3.0
## 
## RUN yum -y install amazon-linux-extras && \
##     yum clean all
## 
## RUN amazon-linux-extras install kernel-5.15 && \
##     yum clean all
## 
## RUN yum -y install wget-1.14 && \
##     yum -y install glib2-2.56.1-9.amzn2.0.3 && \
##     yum -y install libssh2-1.4.3-12.amzn2.2.4 && \
##     yum clean all
## 
## RUN yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm \
##   && wget --no-verbose https://cdn.rstudio.com/r/centos-7/pkgs/R-${R_VERSION}-1-1.x86_64.rpm \
##   && yum -y install R-${R_VERSION}-1-1.x86_64.rpm \
##   && rm R-${R_VERSION}-1-1.x86_64.rpm && \
##   yum clean all
## 
## ENV PATH="${PATH}:/opt/R/${R_VERSION}/bin/"
## 
## RUN yum -y install openssl-devel && \
##     yum install -y \
##     openldap-2.4.44-25.amzn2.0.5 && \
##     yum clean all && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
## 
## ENV R_LIBS_USER=/opt/lib
## 
## RUN Rscript -e "install.packages(c('aws.s3','httr', 'jsonlite', 'logger', 'logging', 'sp', 'raster', 'parallel'), INSTALL_opts=c('--no-docs', '--no-help','--no-html', '--no-multiarch', '--no-test-load'), dependencies=TRUE, repos=c('https://cloud.r-project.org/','https://artifactory.wma.chs.usgs.gov/artifactory/r-cran-mirror/','https://RForge.net'))"
## 
## #copy scripts to working directory
## COPY runtime.R bootstrap.R process_landsat_temp.R testFunction.R ${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}/
## RUN chmod 755 -R "${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}"
## 
## RUN printf '#!/bin/sh\ncd /var/task\nRscript runtime.R' > /var/runtime/bootstrap \
##   && chmod +x /var/runtime/bootstrap
## 
## 
## This my runtime.R script, which seems to be able to use the libraries now problem. I've tried changing the library variable to be in the same location as the runtime (/var/runtime) but that didn't work
## library(httr)
## library(logger)
## log_formatter(formatter_paste)
## log_threshold(INFO)
## 
## #' Convert a list to a single character, preserving names
## #' prettify_list(list("a" = 1, "b" = 2, "c" = 3))
## #' # "a=5, b=5, c=5"
## prettify_list <- function(x) {
##   paste(
##     paste(names(x), x, sep = "="),
##     collapse = ", "
##   )
## }
## 
## # error handling with http codes
## # from http://adv-r.had.co.nz/Exceptions-Debugging.html
## condition <- function(subclass, message, code, call = sys.call(-1), ...) {
##   structure(
##     class = c(subclass, "condition"),
##     list(message = message, code = code, call = call),
##     ...
##   )
## }
## stop_api <- function(message, code = 500, call = sys.call(-1), ...) {
##   stop(condition(c("api_error", "error"), message, code = code, call = call,
##                  ...))
## }
## 
## log_debug("Deriving lambda runtime API endpoints from environment variables")
## lambda_runtime_api <- Sys.getenv("AWS_LAMBDA_RUNTIME_API")
## if (lambda_runtime_api == "") {
##   error_message <- "AWS_LAMBDA_RUNTIME_API environment variable undefined"
##   log_error(error_message)
##   stop(error_message)
## }
## next_invocation_endpoint <- paste0(
##   "http://", lambda_runtime_api, "/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/next"
## )
## initialisation_error_endpoint <- paste0(
##   "http://", lambda_runtime_api, "/2018-06-01/runtime/init/error"
## )
## 
## tryCatch(
##   {
##     log_debug("Determining handler from environment variables")
##     handler <- Sys.getenv("_HANDLER")
##     if (is.null(handler) &#124;&#124; handler == "") {
##       stop_api("_HANDLER environment variable undefined")
##     }
##     log_info("Handler found:", handler)
##     handler_split <- strsplit(handler, ".", fixed = TRUE)[[1]]
##     file_name <- paste0(handler_split[1], ".R")
##     function_name <- handler_split[2]
##     log_info("Using function", function_name, "from", file_name)
##     
##     log_debug("Checking if", file_name, "exists")
##     if (!file.exists(file_name)) {
##       stop_api(file_name, " doesn't exist in ", getwd())
##     }
##     source(file_name)
##     
##     log_debug("Checking if", function_name, "is defined")
##     if (!exists(function_name)) {
##       stop_api("Function name ", function_name, " isn't defined in R")
##     }
##     log_debug("Checking if", function_name, "is a function")
##     if (!is.function(eval(parse(text = function_name)))) {
##       stop_api("Function name ", function_name, " is not a function")
##     }
##   },
##   api_error = function(e) {
##     log_error(as.character(e))
##     POST(
##       url = initialisation_error_endpoint,
##       body = list(
##         statusCode = e$code,
##         error_message = as.character(e$message)),
##       encode = "json"
##     )
##     stop(e)
##   }
## )
## 
## handle_event <- function(event) {
##   status_code <- status_code(event)
##   log_debug("Status code:", status_code)
##   if (status_code != 200) {
##     stop_api("Didn't get status code 200. Status code: ", status_code,
##              code = 400)
##   }
##   event_headers <- headers(event)
##   
##   # HTTP headers are case-insensitive
##   names(event_headers) <- tolower(names(event_headers))
##   log_debug("Event headers:", prettify_list(event_headers))
##   
##   aws_request_id <- event_headers[["lambda-runtime-aws-request-id"]]
##   if (is.null(aws_request_id)) {
##     stop_api("Could not find lambda-runtime-aws-request-id header in event",
##              code = 400)
##   }
##   
##   # According to the AWS guide, the below is used by "X-Ray SDK"
##   runtime_trace_id <- event_headers[["lambda-runtime-trace-id"]]
##   if (!is.null(runtime_trace_id)) {
##     Sys.setenv("_X_AMZN_TRACE_ID" = runtime_trace_id)
##   }
##   
##   # we need to parse the event in four contexts before sending to the lambda fn:
##   # 1a) direct invocation with no function args (empty event)
##   # 1b) direct invocation with function args (parse and send entire event)
##   # 2a) api endpoint with no args (parse HTTP request, confirm null request
##   #   element; send empty list)
##   # 2b) api endpoint with args (parse HTTP request, confirm non-null request
##   #   element; extract and send it)
##   
##   unparsed_content <- httr::content(event, "text", encoding = "UTF-8")
##   # Thank you to Menno Schellekens for this fix for Cloudwatch events
##   is_scheduled_event <- grepl("Scheduled Event", unparsed_content)
##   if(is_scheduled_event) log_info("Event type is scheduled")
##   log_debug("Unparsed content:", unparsed_content)
##   if (unparsed_content == "" &#124;&#124; is_scheduled_event) {
##     # (1a) direct invocation with no args (or scheduled request)
##     event_content <- list()
##   } else {
##     # (1b, 2a or 2b)
##     event_content <- jsonlite::fromJSON(unparsed_content)
##   }
##   
##   # if you want to do any additional inspection of the event body (including
##   # other http request elements if it's an endpoint), you can do that here!
##   
##   # change `http_req_element` if you'd prefer to send the http request `body` to
##   # the lambda fn, rather than the query parameters
##   # (note that query string params are always strings! your lambda fn may need to
##   # convert them back to numeric/logical/Date/etc.)
##   is_http_req <- FALSE
##   http_req_element <- "queryStringParameters"
##   
##   if (http_req_element %in% names(event_content)) {
##     is_http_req <- TRUE
##     if (is.null(event_content[[http_req_element]])) {
##       # (2a) api request with no args
##       event_content <- list()
##     } else {
##       # (2b) api request with args
##       event_content <- event_content[[http_req_element]]
##     }
##   }
##   
##   result <- do.call(function_name, event_content)
##   log_debug("Result:", as.character(result))
##   response_endpoint <- paste0(
##     "http://", lambda_runtime_api, "/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/",
##     aws_request_id, "/response"
##   )
##   # aws api gateway is a bit particular about the response format
##   body <- if (is_http_req) {
##     list(
##       isBase64Encoded = FALSE,
##       statusCode = 200L,
##       body =  as.character(jsonlite::toJSON(result, auto_unbox = TRUE))
##     )
##   } else {
##     result
##   }
##   POST(
##     url = response_endpoint,
##     body = body,
##     encode = "json"
##   )
##   rm("aws_request_id") # so we don't report errors to an outdated endpoint
## }
## 
## log_info("Querying for events")
## while (TRUE) {
##   tryCatch(
##     {
##       event <- GET(url = next_invocation_endpoint)
##       log_debug("Event received")
##       handle_event(event)
##     },
##     api_error = function(e) {
##       log_error(as.character(e))
##       aws_request_id <-
##         headers(event)[["lambda-runtime-aws-request-id"]]
##       if (exists("aws_request_id")) {
##         log_debug("POSTing invocation error for ID:", aws_request_id)
##         invocation_error_endpoint <- paste0(
##           "http://", lambda_runtime_api, "/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/",
##           aws_request_id, "/error"
##         )
##         POST(
##           url = invocation_error_endpoint,
##           body = list(
##             statusCode = e$code,
##             error_message = as.character(e$message)),
##           encode = "json"
##         )
##       } else {
##         log_debug("No invocation ID!",
##                   "Can't clear this request from the queue.")
##       }
##     },
##     error = function(e) {
##       log_error(as.character(e))
##       aws_request_id <-
##         headers(event)[["lambda-runtime-aws-request-id"]]
##       if (exists("aws_request_id")) {
##         log_debug("POSTing invocation error for ID:", aws_request_id)
##         invocation_error_endpoint <- paste0(
##           "http://", lambda_runtime_api, "/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/",
##           aws_request_id, "/error"
##         )
##         POST(
##           url = invocation_error_endpoint,
##           body = list(error_message = as.character(e)),
##           encode = "json"
##         )
##       } else {
##         log_debug("No invocation ID!",
##                   "Can't clear this request from the queue.")
##       }
##     }
##   )
## }
## 
## This is a simplified version my function process_landsat_temp.R. The full version requires these libraries to do some image processing within an AWS s3 bucket
## process <- function(number) {
##   library(aws.s3)
##   library(httr)
##   library(jsonlite)
##   library(sp)
##   library(raster)
##   library(parallel)
## 
##   list(parity = if (as.integer(number) %% 2 == 0) "even" else "odd")
## }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |0           |10          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76391151|37    |0     |r,merge,tidyverse                                                             |2023-06-02 14:42:16Z |GaB                         |  7425379|1,058      |How program to join 2 different tables based on which one has the highest number of rows, with tidyverse? Now, the total_number_views_ndinstict has only 8 but in the future this may have more rows than the second total_number_views_unique_na which currently has 10 rows. I need both columns in the joined table.
## Here is the first table:
## > total_number_views_ndinstict
##     # A tibble: 8 × 2
##       app_name                    n_distinct_users
##       <chr>                                  <int>
##     1 animals_to_groups                          2
##     2 cage_randomiser                            5
##     3 combo_cor                                  1
##     4 crispr_screen_viz                         21
##     5 dep_map_bem                                4
##     6 growth_rate_explorer                       3
##     7 moprospector                               2
##     8 translatability_single_gene               17
## 
## And the second table is
## > total_number_views_unique_na
## # A tibble: 10 × 2
##    app_name                    users_na
##    <chr>                          <int>
##  1 animals_to_groups                 21
##  2 cage_randomiser                   14
##  3 combo_cor                         14
##  4 crispr_screen_viz                  1
##  5 dep_map_bem                        0
##  6 dtp_browser_prod                   6
##  7 flat                              81
##  8 growth_rate_explorer              48
##  9 moprospector                       0
## 10 translatability_single_gene        2
## 
## Can someone help?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |2         |15          |29          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76391100|22    |0     |r,dataframe,sum,cumulative-sum                                                |2023-06-02 14:34:13Z |MKN17                       | 18638709|27         |Consider this df, where Percent is the percentage of sales that the person accounted for in the entire group. The Total/Percent column is the sum of values in the Percent column up to the current row. I've tried using the roll_sum() function from the RcppRoll library however it didn't work as it was only going back 1 window at a time. Is there a way to do this in R without using a for loop?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |0         |0           |6           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                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## | 76391093|32    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 14:33:00Z |Cato                        | 22006017|1          |I am a complete beginner so bare with me :D
## I did an experiment where I noted the number of mature animals for my ten different treatments on day 4 to day 12. I now want to see whether there is a difference in this increase, so whether a certain treatment might see animals mature faster than others. Per treatment I have six replicates.
## So the idea is to make a graph where i see the increasing number of mature animals from day 4 to day 12, with one regression line for each treatment. I then want to compare to see whether they actually differ, probably by using the slope?
## So my data looks like this:
## Treatment      Replicate     Mature_D4  ... Mature_D12
## 
## Control        1             0              12
## Control        2             0              12
## Control        3             1              11
## Control        4             0              9
## Control        5             1              8
## Control        6             0              12
## Treatment 1    1             0              7
## ...
## Treatment 9    6             1              8
## 
## I have a lot of NAs and clearly left-skewed data.
## I thought about a glm() because it is count data. I am wondering if I could do all treatments in one glm() but don't know how to extract the slope for each treatment. Or I could do a glm() for each treatment seperately but then I need to check the assumptions for each, and what if they are not met or I need another model? Is it a bad idea to compare the slope of different models?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |0           |0           |margusl           |2023-06-02 14:51:29Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76390879|28    |2     |r,shiny,shiny-server,sockjs                                                   |2023-06-02 14:06:09Z |Nick L                      | 11251650|31         |I currently run my RShiny apps in AWS ECS in containers I build with a Dockerfile using the rocker/shiny base image.
## I deploy my applications in a test and a prod environment. The prod environment has more WAF rules that I must follow to be compliant with my organization's standards.
## The apps work in test but fail in prod. I have learned that the SockJS POST is being blocked by the Prod WAF because of its "content-type header is NULL" policy.
## Taking a closer look, in production, the keep-alive POST requests coming from SockJS have no response headers, causing the POST to fail and the app to continuously retry to establish a connection, only to be blocked over and over.
## 
## In the working test environment, I can see that these keep-alive requests start with 0 response headers:
## And 25 seconds later, the request is fulfilled with a 200 response and a new request is open. The fulfilled request now has 19 response headers including content-type.
## 
## This repeats every 25 seconds. I see in the shiny-server docs that there is a shiny-server.conf parameter sockjs_heartbeat_delay that defaults to 25 seconds.
## Unfortunately this is where my knowledge drops off. The questions I hope to answer are:
## Am I correct in thinking that it could be possible to add the content-type header to these SockJS requests before they resolve?
## Is there a shiny-server.conf parameter that can be used to add this header, remove these keep-alive requests, or use a different protocol to xhr that works differently with these heartbeat requests?
## Am I able to edit the source code of shiny-server or SockJS from within my rocker/shiny docker container? If so, where can I add a line to add the content-type header to my request?
## Environment specs:
## Base image rocker/shiny:latest 
## Shiny Server v1.5.21.1004
## Node.js v16.18.1
## Ubuntu 20.04.5
## Update #1:
## I am reading in the shiny-server docs and the disable_protocols parameter says that disabling websocket and streaming should leave only polling left, which should work with most load balancers. After looking into the definition of streaming vs polling, I wonder if the nature I described in my test environment is streaming. I confirmed that streaming is disabled in the test environment, so I wonder if shiny-server is not correctly disabling xhr-streaming.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |3           |Nick L            |2023-06-02 18:37:31Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76390817|16    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 13:59:26Z |Kate Vasi                   | 21955371|1          |This question was migrated from Stack Overflow because it can be answered on Cross Validated.
##                                 Migrated yesterday.
##                             
##                     
##                 
##             
##         
## 
## 
## I conducted a content analysis on social media posts regarding CEO communication about sociopolitical topics. I have two levels of analysis entities: 1) the social media account of a CEO, 2) the social media posts per account.
## One question I wanted to examine (on the level of 1) social media accounts) is whether the affiliation of an account to a specific industry does correlate with the number of sociopolitical posts - in other words, do the CEO social media accounts of specific industries have more sociopolitical posts than others?
## I conducted a one-way ANOVA with "industry of account" as my independent variable, which is a nominal variable (codes "1" to "7§), and the "number of sociopolitical posts" as my explained variable, which is continuous (no codes, but frequency numbers, ranges from 1 to 76).
## That's the code I used:
## data$industry <- as.factor(data$industry)
## anova <- aov(post_sp ~ industry, data = data)
## etaSquared(anova, anova = TRUE)
## pairwise.t.test(data$post_sp, data$industry)
## 
## Everything worked well except for the pairwise Posthoc test, I didn't receive any data. That's when I asked myself if it's even possible to conduct an ANOVA with the variable "number of sociopolitical posts", or if I have to recode it somehow.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |0           |Kate Vasi         |2023-06-03 10:28:28Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76390798|42    |-2    |r,subset                                                                      |2023-06-02 13:56:16Z |Olivia Orr                  | 22007928|1          |Trying to subset a dataset by column name and I keep getting an error that undefined columns selected.
## This is the code I'm using:
## df2 <- wide_data[,c("famID", "i1", "i2", "s1", "s2")]
## 
## I'm unsure what I'm doing wrong becuase I made sure everything is spelled correctly!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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|jpsmith           |2023-06-02 14:00:41Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76390501|20    |-1    |r,tar                                                                         |2023-06-02 13:14:00Z |Julia K                     | 22007783|1          |I know how to untar a file, but I want to keep all of the infomation into one file not 12 different files after it is untar'ed. I use a MacBook.
## I want to compute the data into R so I need the untared files to be in one file. Or will R analyze many files and imput it into one table once the metadata is run. I have the latest version of RStudio                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |0           |Phil              |2023-06-02 14:18:36Z                                                                                                 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## | 76390478|32    |0     |r,lubridate,survival-analysis                                                 |2023-06-02 13:11:20Z |ZheFrench                   |   602268|1,165      |From a survival study, I have the following pre-computed interval of times as months for overall survival :
## 25.733333  1.000000  1.933333  2.800000  2.866667
## 
## I would like to import them in lubridate to convert them as days.
## Usually I directly work with two dates and I compute as what follows :
## dataframe.final$Diff.days   <- interval(dataframe.final$Date.First.Immunotherapy , dataframe.final$Date.Death.Or.Last.Contact) %>% as.numeric('days')
## 
## But in this case, I have only the interval given as a decimal number.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |3         |21          |46          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76390426|30    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 13:05:06Z |Miquel                      | 15760316|57         |This question already has answers here:
##                                 
##                             
##                     
##                 
##             
##                     
##                         How can I format axis labels with exponents with ggplot2 and scales?
##                             
##                                 (7 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                 Closed yesterday.
##         
## 
## 
## I have a problem with the y-axis format with ggplot.
## In the experiment we analyzed the contaminant from two sites (A and B). I would like to have the y-axis with scientific annotation, however, I am unable to obtain it.
## This is the code I made:
## library(ggplot)
## #create my dataset
## a<-c("4000","7500","4000","102000","14500","150000")
## b<-c("A","A","A","B","B","B")
## data<-data.frame(cbind(a,b))
## data$b<-as.factor(data$b)
## data$a<-as.integer(data$a)
## #plot the data, with scientific annotation
## scientific_10 <- function(x) {   parse(text=gsub("e\\+*", " %*% 10^", scales::scientific_format()(x))) }
## A<-ggplot(data, aes(x = b, y = a, fill = b)) +
##   geom_boxplot() +
##   labs(y= "ppm", x = "contaminant")+
##   geom_point(shape = 21, position = position_jitterdodge(jitter.width = 0)) 
## A<-A+ scale_y_continuous(label=scientific_10)
## A
## 
## The problem is that I don't know how to write 0 at the first value. The other problem is that is not written the "x" symbol in the mathematical expression. Any idea?
## I attach a picture that I have obtained.
## 
## Thank you very much!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |0         |0           |4           |Miquel            |2023-06-02 14:31:37Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76390374|12    |0     |r,web-crawler,clientid                                                        |2023-06-02 12:59:25Z |Subeen Choi                 | 22005477|1          |i try to crawl some data from news using naver client id and password. however, it turns out that my client id is not valiable. can anybody solve this problem? thanks!
## library(httr)
## news <- GET(url =  'https://openapi.naver.com/v1/search/news.json?',
##            add_headers('X-Naver-Client-Id' = 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX',
##                        'X-Naver-Client-Secret' = 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX'),
##            query = list(query = 'korean characters',
##                         display = 100,
##                         start = 1,
##                         sort = 'date'))
## content(news)
## 
## $errorMessage
## [1] "NID AUTH Result Invalid (1000) : Authentication failed. (인증에 실패했습니다.)"
## 
## $errorCode
## [1] "024"
## 
## i tried to use another url and client id but it still didn't work,,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |0         |0           |0           |Phil              |2023-06-02 14:20:14Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76390329|42    |3     |r,ggplot2,density-plot                                                        |2023-06-02 12:52:36Z |M. Beausoleil               |  4224718|3,077      |I have data plotted as points and would like to add density plots to the graph. The marginal plot solutions from ggExtra or other packages are not giving the freedom that I'd like and so want to generate the density plot at the same time as the ggplot.
## df = data.frame(x = rnorm(50, mean = 10), 
##                 y = runif(50, min = 10, max = 20), 
##                 id = rep(LETTERS[1:5], each = 10))
## ggppp = ggplot(data = df, mapping = aes(x, y, color = id)) + 
##   geom_point() + theme_bw()
## 
## ggppp + 
##   geom_density(mapping = aes(y = y, 
##                              col = id),
##                inherit.aes = FALSE, bounds = c(-Inf, Inf)) +
##   geom_density(mapping = aes(x = x,
##                              col = id),
##                inherit.aes = FALSE, ) 
## 
## 
## Is there a way to move the density plots to other values of x or y position (like moving the density lines to the tip of the arrow in the image below)?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |6         |28          |61          |zx8754            |2023-06-02 20:47:45Z, 2023-06-02 14:16:30Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76390299|23    |0     |r,tapply                                                                      |2023-06-02 12:48:55Z |Oli Ck                      |  8675311|70         |I would like to use the names of the INDEX factor in my FUN function in tapply.
## My data and function are more complex but here is a simple reproducible example :
## data <- data.frame(x <- c(4,5,6,2,3,5,8,1), 
##                    name = c("A","B","A","B","A","A","B","B"))
## myfun <- function(x){paste("The mean of NAME is ", mean(x))}
## tapply(data$x, data$name, myfun)
## 
## Result :
##                          A                          B 
## "The mean of NAME is  4.5"   "The mean of NAME is  4" 
## 
## Where I would like NAME to be A or B.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |0           |5           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76390196|17    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 12:34:44Z |EDOARDO MUSCI               | 22007526|1          |I have a dataset 1200*10, I wanto to apply a sum using this sliding window function:
## slide_apply <- function (data, window, step , fun)
## slide_apply <- function (data, window, step , fun) 
## {
##     fun <- match.fun(fun)
##     total <- length(data)
##     window <- abs(window)
##     spots <- seq(from = 1, to = (total - window + 1), by = abs(step))
##     result <- rep(NA, length(spots))
##     for (i in 1:length(spots)) {
##         result[window + i - 1] <- fun(data[spots[i]:(spots[i] + 
##             window - 1)])
##     }
##     return(result)
## }
## 
## but as a result I get:
## Error in seq.default(from = 1, to = (total - window + 1), by = abs(step)) :
## segno sgbagliato nell'argomento 'by'
## 4.
## stop("wrong sign in 'by' argument")
## 3.
## seq.default(from = 1, to = (total - window + 1), by = abs(step))
## 2.
## seq(from = 1, to = (total - window + 1), by = abs(step))
## 1.
## slide_apply(data = ret, window = 1200, step = 1, fun = sum)
## 
## I can't get the problem...
## I tried to translate the input dataframe, and it works but I obtain a 12000 rows vector..so I guess something is wrong                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |0           |EDOARDO MUSCI     |2023-06-02 12:36:34Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76389748|12    |0     |r,statistics,r-lavaan,psych                                                   |2023-06-02 11:29:06Z |Isaiah Hipel                | 22007010|1          |I am a psychology graduate student and I am trying to get the required statistics for my bifactor model according to APA. I was able to get the model to converge with some modifications to item loadings (there are 22 items total) using the step by Arndt Regorz. I have about 300 observations but the data may have some missing values. Any input on this would be greatly appreciated. I have copied and pasted the code I have below:
## #Create a model for bifactor analysis
## model_bif <- '
## 
## #Define the general factor
## g =~ DTW_1 + DTW_2 + DTW_3 + DTW_6 + DTW_7 + DTW_8 + DTW_9 + DTW_10 + DTW_11 + DTW_12 + DTW_13 + DTW_14 + DTW_15 + DTW_16 + DTW_17 + DTW_18 + DTW_19 + DTW_20 + DTW_21 + DTW_22
## 
## #Define the specific factors
## n =~ DTW_1 + DTW_2 + DTW_3 + DTW_4 + DTW_5 + DTW_6
## m =~ DTW_7 + DTW_8 + DTW_9 + DTW_10
## s =~ DTW_17 + DTW_19 + DTW_21
## 
## '
## 
## #Fit the model
## fit_bif <- cfa(model_bif, data = dataset, orthogonal = TRUE)
## summary(fit_bif, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)
## 
## #build a path diagram
## semPaths(fit_bif, residuals=F,sizeMan=7,"std",
## posCol=c("skyblue4", "red"),
## #edge.color="skyblue4",
## edge.label.cex=1.2,layout="circle2")
## 
## I have tried using the psych package but can't get the omega function to work. It continues to say "Error in m$n.obs : $ operator is invalid for atomic vectors".                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76389710|19    |0     |r,if-statement,conditional-statements,raster,spatial                          |2023-06-02 11:22:12Z |user18791303                | 18791303|3          |I have to assign benchmarks for soil organic carbon values based on three informations:
## Land use type: cropland or grassland? (this information is provided in a shape file, where the fields are given as polygons). Not the entire study area is cropland or grassland, and I only want to apply the calculations to the polygons where this condition is met.
## Soil texture (this info is both available as raster (100mx100m) grid or as shape file. I thought it is easier for the calculations if I use it in raster format)
## Carbon value (raster file in 100x100m resolution)
## I am not experienced with spatial data calculations, and with data tables I would just create a nested for loop with all my conditions. However, I don't know how to do this creating a new raster file and 'accessing' the information of both the shape file (land use type) AND soil texture and carbon value rasters.
## All files have the same coordinate system and are overlapping.
## To make it short, for a similar task I have used somewhat this type of loop with conditional statements:
## for(i in nrow(new_raster)){
##  if(landuse_shp[i] == 'AL'){
##    if(texture_tif [i] == 'light'){
##      if(carbon_tif[i] >= 0.68 && carbon_tif[i] <= 1.23){
##        new_raster[i] <- "1"
##      }
##     else if(carbon_tif[i] > 1.23){
##         new_raster[i] <- "2" 
##      }
## #and so on... 
##     }
##     if(texture_tif[i] == 'middle I'){
##        if(carbon_tif[i] < 2.4) {
##          new_raster[i] <- "0"
##         }
##     else if(...)      
## 
## 
## This is rather a conceptual question, because I do not have any code yet, as I don't know which first steps would make most sense...
## Thanks a lot for you help &cheers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |0           |3           |NA                |2023-06-02 13:33:45Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76389697|41    |1     |r,image,ocr,data-cleaning                                                     |2023-06-02 11:20:41Z |zachi                       |  7862953|473        |I am trying to scan a text from an Ocr and clean it, I got a character that is divided to few lines, however I would like to have the text in similar to the way it is in the image
## the code :
## heraclitus<-"greek.png"
## library(tidyverse)
## library(tesseract)
## library(magick)
## 
## image_greek<-image_read(heraclitus)
## 
## image_greek<-image_greek %>% image_scale("600") %>% 
##   image_crop("600x400+220+150") %>% 
##   image_convert(type = 'Grayscale') %>% 
##   image_contrast(sharpen = 1) %>% 
##   image_write(format="jpg")
## 
## heraclitus_sentences<-magick::image_read(image_greek)%>% 
##   ocr() %>% str_split("\n")
## 
## As you can see from the output, I have white spaces and sentences that are divided to two lines. I would like to have it in a vector or a list, that each element will be a sentence                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |4           |13          |jpsmith           |2023-06-02 11:31:21Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76389613|20    |0     |r,loops,matrix,indexing,append                                                |2023-06-02 11:07:28Z |s28                         | 21573410|29         |I loop through a matrix and I would like to append a matrix row to another empty matrix if a specific condition is met. How do I do this without getting problems with the different indexes?
## I had this code, but my dataset is very large, so I get problems in the implementation
## for (i in 1:length(matrix1)) {
##     if ((substr(matrix1[i,1],6,7) == '02') == TRUE) {
##         for (j in 1:nrow(matrix2)) {
##             matrix2[j,] <- matrix1[i,]
##         }
##     }
## }
## 
## Is there a more efficient solution?
## dput(matrix1[1]) is c("271", "269", "274", "278", "293", "270", "274", "274", "275",  "271", "2018-01-03_0445")
## nrow(matrix1) is 400000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |5           |s28               |2023-06-02 11:29:58Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76389515|25    |0     |r,if-statement,alphanumeric                                                   |2023-06-02 10:53:26Z |Naomi                       |  7655794|297        |This is my df:
## df <- data.frame(id=as.integer(c(1:6)),
##                  code=as.character(c("C410", "D486", "D485", "D501", "D600", "D899")))
## df
##   id code
## 1  1 C410
## 2  2 D486
## 3  3 D485
## 4  4 D501
## 5  5 D600
## 6  6 D899
## 
## I want to attribute causes to each id depending on the range they fall into in column 2. For this, I use a ifelse statement:
##     df$cause <- ifelse(df$code >= "C00" & df$code <= "D48", "cause 1", 
##                        ifelse(df$code >= "D50" & df$code <= "D89", "cause 2", NA)) 
## 
## Issue: the algorithm does not capture values above the end of each range (until the maximum possible value)
## df
##   id code   cause
## 1  1 C410 cause 1
## 2  2 D486    <NA>
## 3  3 D485    <NA>
## 4  4 D501 cause 2
## 5  5 D600 cause 2
## 6  6 D899    <NA>
## 
## Desired output:
##  df
##       id code   cause
##     1  1 C410 cause 1
##     2  2 D486 cause 1
##     3  3 D485 cause 1  
##     4  4 D501 cause 2
##     5  5 D600 cause 2
##     6  6 D899 cause 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |2           |11          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76389510|25    |0     |r,dataframe                                                                   |2023-06-02 10:52:53Z |Usman YousafZai             |  1535580|1,018      |This question already has answers here:
##                                 
##                             
##                     
##                 
##             
##                     
##                         How can I assign a value using if-else conditions in R
##                             
##                                 (2 answers)
##                             
##                     
##                 Closed yesterday.
##         
## 
## 
## I want to add one a column called "Opt-Numbers" to my data frame with the following values Opt-CMM and Opt-MM based on Numbers column. If the value in Numbers column are greater or equal to 4 then it should add Opt-CMM in the same row of that value or if it is less than 4 then add Opt-MM in the same row. I am also showing an example in below df.
## Given DF.
## 
## S.NO
## Numbers
## P1
## 2
## P2
## 5
## P3
## 2
## P4
## 2
## P5
## 3
## P6
## 4
## 
## Required DF
## 
## S.NO
## Numbers
## Opt-Numbers
## P1
## 2
## Opt-MM
## P2
## 5
## Opt-CMM
## P3
## 2
## Opt-MM
## P4
## 2
## Opt-MM
## P5
## 3
## Opt-MM
## P6
## 4
## Opt-CMM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |4         |17          |43          |stefan            |2023-06-02 11:00:31Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76389468|23    |0     |r,dplyr                                                                       |2023-06-02 10:47:23Z |psysky                      |  4529548|3,017      |i have such data example
## mydata=structure(list(month_id = c(201206L, 201206L, 201207L, 201207L, 
## 201306L, 201306L, 201307L, 201307L, 201406L, 201406L, 201407L, 
## 201407L, 201506L, 201506L, 201507L, 201507L, 201606L, 201606L, 
## 201607L, 201607L, 201706L, 201706L, 201707L, 201707L), MDM_Key = c(1L, 
## 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 
## 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L), sale_count = c(6978517L, 13957034L, 
## 6148636L, 12297272L, 6147466L, 12294932L, 6050044L, 12100088L, 
## 8127548L, 16255096L, 3341936L, 6683872L, 8995701L, 17991402L, 
## 6803563L, 13607126L, 7098546L, 14197092L, 7855146L, 15710292L, 
## 5575453L, 11150906L, 7543770L, 15087540L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
## -24L))
## 
## I need for each group (mdm_key) to get the difference between the months (07-06) by sale_count Variable. The data contains histories by year. e.g. 06(june) and 07(jule) monthes for 2012,
## 06 and 07 for 2013 and so on...
## For each year and each mdm_key I need to subtract the sale_count from month 7 to month 6.
## So that the desired result for each year and each group mdm_key looks something like this
##    year MDM_Key sale_count
## 1  2012       1    -829881
## 2  2013       1     -97422
## 3  2014       1   -4785612
## 4  2015       1   -2192138
## 5  2016       1     756600
## 6  2017       1    1968317
## 7  2012       2   -1659762
## 8  2013       2    -194844
## 9  2014       2   -9571224
## 10 2015       2   -4384276
## 11 2016       2    1513200
## 12 2017       2    3936634
## 
## What is the easiest way to do such a subtraction?
## Thanks for your any help.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |5         |28          |62          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76389386|20    |1     |r,dplyr,distinct,summarize                                                    |2023-06-02 10:36:18Z |Sanna                       | 22006219|11         |very grateful for your help trying to group/collapse rows of all columns (all but the two columns I use to group_by) and would like to exclude duplicated strings in the merge (only keep distinct strings and numbers). The df has many many more columns but here is a toy example.
## Is there a way to only keep distinct strings when using summarize_all?
## df = data.frame(
## +     variant = c("1-12345-GT", "1-12345-GT", "2-3456-C-T", "3-45567-C-A", "4-566879-C-T", "4-566879-C-T"),
## ID=c("A", "A", "B", "C", "D", "D"),
## value1=c( "GJB1", "GJB1", "TBC", "TZY", "FBY", "FBY"),
## value2=c( 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
## 
## df
##        variant ID value1 value2
## 1   1-12345-GT  A   GJB1    0.5
## 2   1-12345-GT  A   GJB1    1.0
## 3   2-3456-C-T  B    TBC    0.5
## 4  3-45567-C-A  C    TZY    0.5
## 5 4-566879-C-T  D    FBY    0.5
## 6 4-566879-C-T  D    FBY    0.5
## 
## 
## I tried
## df %>% group_by(variant, ID) %>% summarise_all(~(toString(na.omit(.)))) 
## 
## 
## A tibble: 4 × 4
## Groups:   variant [4]
##   variant      ID    value1     value2  
##   <chr>        <chr> <chr>      <chr>   
## 1 1-12345-GT   A     GJB1, GJB1 0.5, 1  
## 2 2-3456-C-T   B     TBC        0.5     
## 3 3-45567-C-A  C     TZY        0.5     
## 4 4-566879-C-T D     FBY, FBY   0.5, 0.5
## 
## 
## I would like row 1 GJB1 and row 4 FBY and 0.5 to not be duplicated. But I would like to keep both unique values at row 1: 0.5, 1.
## I tried splitting the rows. But this does not eliminate GJB1 duplicates since the rows will still be unique.
## df %>% separate_rows(value1, value2) %>% unique() %>% group_by(variant, ID) %>% summarise_all(~(toString(na.omit(.)))) %>% ungroup()
## 
## 
## A tibble: 4 × 4
##   variant      ID    value1     value2
##   <chr>        <chr> <chr>      <chr> 
## 1 1-12345-GT   A     GJB1, GJB1 0.5, 1
## 2 2-3456-C-T   B     TBC        0.5   
## 3 3-45567-C-A  C     TZY        0.5   
## 4 4-566879-C-T D     FBY        0.5   
## 
## Thinking there must be a function only to keep distinct strings when using summarize_all. Thank you!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |2           |Sanna             |2023-06-02 12:27:45Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76389243|45    |0     |r,bash,commandargument                                                        |2023-06-02 10:12:52Z |guillaume                   | 22006375|1          |i'm currently running a r program where i use already 9 argument with "commandArgs()" for my bash script, but it seems i can't use a 10th argument, the program doesn't take it, is there a way i could do it and won't have to make an other program just for that ? thanks in advance for your help !                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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## | 76389056|25    |-1    |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 09:48:10Z |user15079730                | 15079730|1          |Closed. This question needs details or clarity. It is not currently accepting answers.
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## 
## How to achieve the same as the following code (python) in R, can not find the right functions
## 
## 
## for achieving k-anonymity
## thanks in advance
## tried to groupby, but could not achieve the reset index and bins                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |0           |Phil              |2023-06-02 14:19:46Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76389050|50    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 09:47:29Z |Albert                      | 12378480|119        |Consider the following dataset
## mydata<-data.frame(id = c("R007", "R008", "R008", "R009", "R009"),
##                    statenumber= c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
##                    startdate = c(20080101, 20080101, 20120301,20120101, 20121001),
##                    enddate = c(20121201, 20120301, 20121201, 20121001, 20121201))
## 
## #if necessary we can write the dates as dates
## mydata$startdate<-as.Date(as.character(mydata$startdate), "%Y%m%d")
## mydata$enddate<-as.Date(as.character(mydata$enddate), "%Y%m%d")
## 
## The explanation of the dataset is as follows. A person with id number R007 lives during 2008 and 2012 at the same address. Person R008 lives during 2008 and 2012 at two addresses (state number). So for the years 2008-2011, he lives at address 2, and for the year 2012 he lives at address 3. Person R009 is only available in the file since 2012. During the first year of 2012 he lives at address 4 and in the last two months he lives at address 5.
## Now I want to rearrange this dataset such that I have one address line per person per year. I would like to do this by making use of a reference month (say June). In other words, if a person lives in June at a particular address, I assign that address to him for the entire year. The dataset would then look as follows
## endresult<-data.frame(id = c("R007", "R007","R007","R007","R007",
##                              "R008", "R008", "R008", "R008","R008", "R009"),
##                       statenumber = c(1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,4),
##                       year = c(2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012,
##                                2008,2009,2010,2011,2012, 2012))
## 
## Does anyone know how to get to this endresult dataset? I appreciate any help.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |0         |0           |7           |Albert            |2023-06-02 11:52:36Z, 2023-06-02 12:32:05Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76389028|38    |0     |r,ggplot2,tidyverse,x-axis,geom                                               |2023-06-02 09:43:17Z |Lenman55                    | 18991506|27         |G'day,
## I have a bunch of data which can be grouped. I want to display those data in a plot.
## Nothing special so far. But i have stumbled over the problem of displaying the data in a way, that signals their grouping. What i want is header for each section at the x-axis: so for Example the string "header 1" at the beginnen of the axis, "header 2" between A and B and so on.
## Here's the code i got so far
## # packages
## library (ggplot2)
## 
## # data
## df =  data.frame(
##   x = factor(c("A", "B", "C", "B", "A", "C")), 
##   y = c(10, 15, 8, 12, 9, 10)  
## )
## 
## # Base plot
## p <- ggplot(df, aes(x,y)) + geom_point() + 
##   coord_flip()
## 
## p
## 
## 
## There already exists a thread on a similar topic. Yet i would prefer a more "ggplot-y" way of doing so. Plus i would want the headers to be located directly at the x- axis.
## Any help would be awesome, thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              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## | 76388858|24    |0     |r,raster,terra                                                                |2023-06-02 09:25:44Z |89_Simple                   |  3227302|3,373      |library(terra)
## library(RColorBrewer)
## 
## # sample polygon
## p <- system.file("ex/lux.shp", package="terra")
## p <- terra::vect(p)
## 
## # sample raster
## r <- system.file("ex/elev.tif", package="terra")
## r <- terra::rast(r)
## r <- terra::crop(r, p , snap = "out", mask = T)
## 
## terra::plot(r,
##            col = brewer.pal(9, "pastel1"),
##            cex.main = 2,
##            smooth = T,
##            legend = T,
##            plg = list(title = "Score"),
##            axes = TRUE,
##            mar=c(3,3,3,6))
## plot(p, add = T)
## 
## How do I change the size and orientation of the legend title 'Score'.
## I want to orient the title so that it is vertical and follows along the
## legend and also change the size of the legend title?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |3         |36          |88          |bretauv           |2023-06-02 09:55:33Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76388339|39    |0     |r,dataûtable                                                                  |2023-06-02 08:12:26Z |zhang                       | 20240835|125        |I have a data.table
## > dput(data.summary)
## structure(list(summary_type = c("0", "1", "2"), count = structure(list(
##     62234441L, 5119L, 821770L), .internal.selfref = <pointer: 0x557538f028c0>)), row.names = c(NA, 
## -3L), class = c("data.table", "data.frame"), .internal.selfref = <pointer: 0x557538f028c0>)
## 
## data.summary
##    summary_type    count
## 1:            0 62234441
## 2:            1     5119
## 3:            2   821770
## 
## Its a data.table with 3 row, I want to sort it by count
## data.summary[order(count)]
## 
## But after this, there are only have 1 row in data.table
## data.summary[order(count)]
##    summary_type    count
## 1:            0 62234441                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |0           |6           |Maël              |2023-06-02 08:19:10Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76388303|12    |1     |r,shiny                                                                       |2023-06-02 08:08:34Z |PK X-FAB                    | 21765186|13         |I am displaying a selectInput in my shiny app and it is getting its choices from a dataframe (which is coming from a table in the database).
## this table (dataframe) has primary key and title in it. I want to show my users the title, but when they choose an option, I want to get the Id of the selected option to use in my code.
## I managed to get the selected "value" but I couldn't find how to get the "id" from the selected option.
## below is a simple example of how my code is looking with test objects:
## 
## 
## library(DT)
## library(tidyverse)
## library(shiny)
## 
## 
## 
## 
## test_id <- c(1, 2, 3)
## test_title <- c("a", "b", "c")
## 
## test_df <- data.frame(test_id, test_title)
## test_df <- column_to_rownames(test_df, var = "test_id")
## 
## 
## ui <- fluidPage(
##   selectInput("test", "test", choices = test_df),
##   
##   textOutput("selectedItem")
##   
## )
## 
## server <- function(input, output, session) {
##   
##   observeEvent(input$test, {
##     output$selectedItem <- renderText(input$test)
##   })
##   
##   
##     
## }
## 
## shinyApp(ui, server)
## 
## 
## does anyone have a solution to get the "id" of the selected option?
## I have tried this
## output$selectedItem <- renderText(input$test)
## 
## but it is returning the value and not the Id                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |2           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76388156|30    |0     |r,ggplot2,survival-analysis                                                   |2023-06-02 07:48:22Z |MaxStudent                  | 12371008|73         |I have big data (n=500,000) on which I want to make survival analysis.
## I believe I have been able to get the regression as below.
## # your custom theme; unchanged
## custom_theme <- function(){
##   theme_survminer() %+replace%
##     theme(
##       legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = "black"),
##       plot.title=element_text(hjust=0.4)
##     )
## }
## 
## # Create the formula
## filtered_data$event <- filtered_data$match_MACE
## filtered_data$event_followup <- filtered_data$time_diff_MACE_months
## formula1 <- as.formula("Surv(event_followup, event) ~ score")
## 
## # Fit Cox proportional hazards model with reference group
## cox1 <- coxph(Surv(event_followup, event) ~ relevel(score, ref = "no AF proc + inactive"), data = filtered_data)
## 
## cox1 <- coxph(formula1, data = filtered_data)
## 
## coxP1 <- data.frame(summary(cox1)$coefficients)[,5]
## 
## # Generate the confidence intervals and p-values with renamed scores
## coxConf1 <- data.frame(summary(cox1)$conf.int) %>%
##   rownames_to_column() %>%
##   mutate(p = coxP1,
##          p2 = case_when(
##            round(p, 3) > p ~ '=',
##            round(p, 3) < p ~ '=',
##            round(p, 3) == p ~ '='
##          ),
##          p3 = ifelse(round(p, 2) == 1, T, F),
##          tag = paste0(rowname %>% gsub("(\\D)(\\d)", "\\1 \\2", .),
##                       ". HR ", exp.coef. %>% sprintf(fmt = "%.2f", .),
##                       " (95% CI ",
##                       lower..95 %>% sprintf(fmt = "%.2f", .),
##                       "-", upper..95 %>% sprintf(fmt = "%.2f", .),
##                       "), ",
##                       ifelse(p < 0.001, "P<0.001",
##                              ifelse(p >= 0.01 & p < 0.05, "P<0.05",
##                                     ifelse(p >= 0.05, paste0("P", p2, sprintf(fmt = "%.2f", round(p, 2))),
##                                            paste0("P", p2, sprintf(fmt = "%.3f", p))))))) %>%
##   select(tag) %>%
##   rename(new_variable_name = tag)
## 
## coxConf1$new_variable_name <- gsub("score", "", coxConf1$new_variable_name)
## 
## # Remove leading and trailing spaces
## coxConf1$new_variable_name <- trimws(coxConf1$new_variable_name)
## 
## # Validate the result
## coxConf1
## 
## But I am struggling to create the survival analysis plot where I will have
## the four groups, with no AF + inactive as the reference group
## and the reference group at the top of the legends, followed by no AF proc + active, then AF proc + inactive + AF proc + active.
## same order for the risk table.
## At the moment, the output in the legends are not the same than the output from the cox regression, and the colour in the table are not the same than the colour in the plot.
## # model to plot- 
## ###----
## fit1 <- survfit(Surv(event_followup, event) ~ relevel(score, ref = "no AF proc + inactive"), data = filtered_data)
## 
## # Reorder the legend labels based on the desired order
## legend_labels <- c("No AF proc + inactive", "No AF proc + active", "AF proc + inactive", "AF proc + active")
## 
## risk_table_order <- c("no AF proc + inactive", "No AF proc + active", "AF proc + inactive", "AF proc + active")
## 
## # Generate the plot with the reordered legends
## uni <- ggsurvplot(fit1, 
##                    test.for.trend = TRUE,
##                    conf.int = FALSE,
##                    censor = FALSE,
##                    ggtheme = custom_theme(), 
##                    legend = c(0.4, 0.25),
##                    font.legend = c(size = 12),
##                    legend.title = element_blank(),
##                    legend.labs = c("no AF proc + inactive ", unlist(coxConf1)),
##                    xlab = "Follow-up (months)",
##                    font.x = c(size = 12),
##                    risk.table = T,
##                    risk.table.side = "left",
##                    risk.table.y.text = F,
##                    risk.table.title = "Risk Table",
##                    risk.table.col = 1,
##                    risk.table.order = risk_table_order,
##                    ylab = "Free from MACE",
##                    font.y = c(size = 12),
##                    ylim = c(0, 1.05),
##                    xlim = c(0, N * 12),
##                    break.y.by = 0.2,
##                    break.x.by = 6,
##                    axes.offset = TRUE)
## 
## # Add the additional labels from coxConf1 to the legend
## uni$plot <- uni$plot +
##   scale_color_manual(labels = c(coxConf1$new_variable_name, "no AF proc + inactive"),
##                      values = c("green", "blue", "orange", "red")) 
## 
## # Update the color scale in the risk table
## uni$table <- uni$table +
##   scale_fill_manual(labels = c(coxConf1$new_variable_name, "no AF proc + inactive"),
##                     values = c("green", "blue", "orange", "red"))
## 
## # Print the plot
## print(uni)
## 
## Here are the portion of my data:
##     Participant.ID match_MACE time_diff_MACE_months                 score
## 1          1169548          0                  72.0      AF proc + active
## 2          1098887          0                  72.0      AF proc + active
## 3          1064538          0                  72.0      AF proc + active
## 4          1089599          1                  52.8      AF proc + active
## 5          1151144          0                  72.0      AF proc + active
## 6          1195483          1                   3.9      AF proc + active
## 7          1188227          0                  72.0    AF proc + inactive
## 8          1009863          0                  72.0    AF proc + inactive
## 9          1081307          0                  72.0    AF proc + inactive
## 10         1154860          1                  24.1    AF proc + inactive
## 11         1032585          0                  72.0    AF proc + inactive
## 12         1150639          1                  41.6    AF proc + inactive
## 13         1162966          1                  10.0    AF proc + inactive
## 14         1036817          1                  38.9    AF proc + inactive
## 15         1110369          1                  37.1    AF proc + inactive
## 16         1224730          0                  72.0    AF proc + inactive
## 17         1081741          1                   1.6   no AF proc + active
## 18         1151938          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 19         1094579          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 20         1099578          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 21         1103712          1                  18.7   no AF proc + active
## 22         1165594          1                  11.7   no AF proc + active
## 23         1112693          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 24         1212915          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 25         1098520          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 26         1199539          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 27         1032596          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 28         1081820          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 29         1182095          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 30         1080136          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 31         1168550          1                  18.0   no AF proc + active
## 32         1112211          1                   5.9   no AF proc + active
## 33         1099400          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 34         1150138          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 35         1169589          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 36         1130930          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 37         1023969          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 38         1148484          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 39         1122955          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 40         1156431          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 41         1019486          1                  11.7   no AF proc + active
## 42         1071958          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 43         1108366          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 44         1204170          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 45         1004705          1                  28.4   no AF proc + active
## 46         1118320          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 47         1029092          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 48         1124181          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 49         1215341          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 50         1198926          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 51         1011130          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 52         1025778          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 53         1158451          1                   1.2   no AF proc + active
## 54         1138223          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 55         1060529          1                  49.9   no AF proc + active
## 56         1152697          1                  66.6   no AF proc + active
## 57         1053224          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 58         1049995          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 59         1010349          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 60         1038676          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 61         1113027          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 62         1173430          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 63         1197104          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 64         1084089          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 65         1056039          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 66         1016849          1                  11.4   no AF proc + active
## 67         1085906          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 68         1069267          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 69         1088756          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 70         1169474          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 71         1212484          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 72         1160969          1                   2.1   no AF proc + active
## 73         1110720          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 74         1159911          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 75         1193184          1                   2.6   no AF proc + active
## 76         1214083          1                  34.5   no AF proc + active
## 77         1039295          1                  49.8   no AF proc + active
## 78         1220844          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 79         1103750          1                   5.9   no AF proc + active
## 80         1155089          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 81         1030976          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 82         1015095          1                  68.9   no AF proc + active
## 83         1209639          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 84         1221353          1                   3.0   no AF proc + active
## 85         1115244          1                  20.4   no AF proc + active
## 86         1102645          1                   9.3   no AF proc + active
## 87         1141749          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 88         1167528          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 89         1136411          1                  24.0   no AF proc + active
## 90         1076923          1                   3.6   no AF proc + active
## 91         1220060          1                   9.3   no AF proc + active
## 92         1217955          1                  13.5   no AF proc + active
## 93         1024327          1                  16.8   no AF proc + active
## 94         1161868          1                  30.6   no AF proc + active
## 95         1164625          1                  55.5   no AF proc + active
## 96         1044532          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 97         1051373          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 98         1010462          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 99         1064218          1                  16.4   no AF proc + active
## 100        1164728          1                  20.9   no AF proc + active
## 101        1193872          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 102        1065997          1                  27.0   no AF proc + active
## 103        1018197          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 104        1078482          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 105        1140958          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 106        1212470          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 107        1045422          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 108        1159452          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 109        1063314          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 110        1081265          1                  40.8   no AF proc + active
## 111        1177440          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 112        1156121          1                   8.0   no AF proc + active
## 113        1148416          0                  72.0   no AF proc + active
## 114        1170157          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 115        1169467          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 116        1039020          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 117        1116305          1                  68.5 no AF proc + inactive
## 118        1036116          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 119        1000414          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 120        1101961          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 121        1128884          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 122        1079375          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 123        1083593          1                   3.4 no AF proc + inactive
## 124        1017198          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 125        1184712          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 126        1006604          1                  59.4 no AF proc + inactive
## 127        1202283          1                  22.6 no AF proc + inactive
## 128        1197594          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 129        1145799          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 130        1072222          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 131        1168984          1                  14.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 132        1134637          1                  10.1 no AF proc + inactive
## 133        1119639          1                  25.4 no AF proc + inactive
## 134        1082634          1                  69.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 135        1174344          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 136        1020621          1                   7.8 no AF proc + inactive
## 137        1024878          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 138        1068864          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 139        1115700          1                  45.6 no AF proc + inactive
## 140        1075462          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 141        1173856          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 142        1162017          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 143        1131283          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 144        1204985          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 145        1024645          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 146        1221414          1                   1.3 no AF proc + inactive
## 147        1207542          1                  30.4 no AF proc + inactive
## 148        1002733          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 149        1158465          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 150        1214236          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 151        1099718          1                   6.8 no AF proc + inactive
## 152        1032299          1                  62.3 no AF proc + inactive
## 153        1062237          1                  25.1 no AF proc + inactive
## 154        1180813          1                   7.7 no AF proc + inactive
## 155        1112010          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 156        1098256          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 157        1223290          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 158        1140145          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 159        1082226          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 160        1092734          1                  39.6 no AF proc + inactive
## 161        1057267          1                  18.8 no AF proc + inactive
## 162        1199418          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 163        1143094          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 164        1192641          1                  56.8 no AF proc + inactive
## 165        1215091          1                   8.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 166        1201176          1                  37.9 no AF proc + inactive
## 167        1217497          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 168        1026150          1                  26.1 no AF proc + inactive
## 169        1092164          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 170        1222354          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 171        1200144          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 172        1154902          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 173        1163901          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 174        1085890          1                  28.1 no AF proc + inactive
## 175        1184176          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 176        1068718          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 177        1221825          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 178        1124417          1                  18.5 no AF proc + inactive
## 179        1080766          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 180        1197133          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 181        1152678          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 182        1049669          1                  26.4 no AF proc + inactive
## 183        1046175          1                  13.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 184        1094515          1                  59.9 no AF proc + inactive
## 185        1066319          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 186        1167031          1                   4.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 187        1099812          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 188        1118674          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 189        1216340          1                  24.3 no AF proc + inactive
## 190        1060200          1                  24.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 191        1055191          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 192        1093435          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 193        1164844          1                  67.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 194        1220734          1                  12.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 195        1171966          0                  72.0 no AF proc + inactive
## 196        1024115          1                   1.7 no AF proc + inactive
## 197        1143227          1                  11.3 no AF proc + inactive
## 198        1021282          1                   1.5 no AF proc + inactive
## 199        1101307          1                  37.9 no AF proc + inactive
## 200        1191745          1                  64.3 no AF proc + inactive |0         |0           |5           |zx8754            |2023-06-02 08:52:43Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76388032|57    |-2    |r,dataframe                                                                   |2023-06-02 07:28:23Z |fatemeh                     | 19819041|1          |I have a data frame that shows :
## "dataframe1" :
## rows : index
## columns:
## column 1: a gene name
## column 2: mutation
## column 3: a sample
## visually like this:
## 
## 
## gene name
## mutation
## sample
## 1
## gene1
## a
## sample1
## 2
## gene2
## b
## sample2
## 3
## gene4
## a
## sample3
## 4
## gene4
## c
## sample2
## 
## What I would like to achieve is below structure:
## "dataframe2":
## rows: a gene name
## columns:
## sample 1: if a mutation occurred for sample1,then put the number1; Otherwise put the number zero.
## sample 2: if a mutation occurred for sample2,then put the number1; Otherwise put the number zero.
## sample 3: if a mutation occurred for sample3,then put the number1; Otherwise put the number zero. . . .
## visually like this:
## 
## 
## sample1
## sample2
## sample3
## gene1
## 1
## 0
## 0
## gene2
## 0
## 1
## 0
## gene4
## 0
## 1
## 1
## 
## 
## 
## 
## 
## How can I convert "dataframe1" to "dataframe2" ? could you guide me please ?
## I'm quit new in R . could you guide me please?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |0         |0           |0           |fatemeh           |2023-06-02 19:08:25Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76387964|25    |-2    |r,glm,h2o,gbm                                                                 |2023-06-02 07:18:41Z |Den                         | 22005307|1          |Closed. This question needs debugging details. It is not currently accepting answers.
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##                      Edit the question to include desired behavior, a specific problem or error, and the shortest code necessary to reproduce the problem. This will help others answer the question.
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##                         Closed 7 hours ago.
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##                         Improve this question
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## 
## my issue is about calculating the mean residual deviance in H2O. The function I've specified to calculate it is as follows:
## The function used to calculate mean residual deviance
## The value I received by using it is 0.2766575. However, after using h2o.performance(model_name) the value shown by it is substantially different:
## h2o.performance mean residual deviance
## As you can see, the mean deviance shown by h2o is almost twice as big as the deviance shown by my function. Does anyone by any chance know by what exact formula is the MRD shown in h2o.performance calculated? I tried to find the answer to what's causing the difference on github, but didn't manage.
## Thank you in advance.
## In general, I tried to find out the formula used by h2o.performance and what's taken into account in the shown results of that function.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              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## | 76387937|31    |-1    |r,dplyr,data-wrangling,grepl                                                  |2023-06-02 07:13:16Z |jo_                         | 14385099|521        |I have a dataframe that looks something like this:
## example <- data.frame(
##   date = c("6/1/22", "6/2/22", "6/3/22",
##           "6/1/22", "6/2/22", "6/3/22",
##           "6/1/22", "6/2/22", "6/3/22",
##           "6/1/22", "6/2/22", "6/3/22"),
##   sub = c(1101, 1101, 1101, 
##           1102, 1102, 1102,
##           2101, 2101, 2101,
##           2102, 2102, 2102),
##   express_p = c("eg1", "eg2", "eg3", "eg4",
##                 "eg5", "eg6", "eg7", "eg8",
##                 "eg9", "eg10", "eg11", "eg12"),
##   p_express = c("a", "b", "c", "d",
##                 "e", "f", "g", "h",
##                 "i", "j", "k", "l")
## )
## 
## I want to regroup the data by date, pair the sub and create new columns. This is how the end result should look like:
## example_clean <- data.frame(
##   date = c("6/1/22", "6/2/22", "6/3/22", "6/1/22", "6/2/22", "6/3/22"),
##   subA = c(1101, 1101, 1101, 1102, 1102, 1102),
##   subB = c(2101, 2101, 2101, 2102, 2102, 2102),
##   express_p_A = c("eg1", "eg2", "eg3", "eg7", "eg8", "eg9"),
##   p_express_B = c("d", "e", "f", "j", "k", "l"),
##   express_p_B = c("eg4", "eg5", "eg6", "eg10", "eg11", "eg12"),
##   p_express_A = c("a", "b", "c", "g", "h", "i")
## )
## 
## Essentially, I am pairing up all the numbers in sub that have the same 3 last digits to be in the saw row. Each pair is categorized by date. Then, the order of the columns should also be reshuffled (and renamed) such that express_p for one subject is right beside p_express of its corresponding partner (e.g. 1101's express_p is to the left of 2101's p_express).
## I've asked this question previously with a simpler case and received a great answer. Does anyone know an elegant way to solve this updated problem?
## Thank you!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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## | 76387472|56    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 05:57:47Z |HJ WHY                      | 19404669|19         |My goal is to change value 99999 with the value adjacent to it unless it's 99999 again.
## I took the advice from here before, now I am having a new problem.
## MRE:
## 'as' is a dataframe with 9 different cohort datasets; 10030 obs of 7060 variables. I am mainly (as of now) dealing with as$AS1_WEIGHT ... as$AS9_WEIGHT
## > as %>%
## +     select(starts_with("AS") & ends_with("_WEIGHT")) %>% head() %>% dput()
## 
## structure(list(AS1_WEIGHT = c(72, 59, 50, 55.2, 82.1, 50.4), 
##     AS2_WEIGHT = c(74.8, NA, NA, 54.8, 84.5, 52.5), AS3_WEIGHT = c(75.2, 
##     NA, NA, 55.9, 81.7, 54.6), AS4_WEIGHT = c(75, NA, NA, 55.1, 
##     80.6, NA), AS5_WEIGHT = c(75.4, NA, NA, 58.8, 89.5, NA), 
##     AS6_WEIGHT = c(77.3, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA), AS7_WEIGHT = c(70.7, 
##     NA, NA, 56, NA, NA), AS8_WEIGHT = c(73.8, NA, NA, 55.5, NA, 
##     NA), AS9_WEIGHT = c(74.5, NA, NA, 54.8, NA, 52)), row.names = c(NA, 
## -6L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))
## 
## 
## 
## as %<>%
##   mutate(row = row_number()) %>%
##   tidyr::pivot_longer(starts_with("AS") & ends_with("_WEIGHT")) %>%
##   mutate(value = if_else(value == '99999', lead(value), value), .by = row) %>%
##   pivot_wider(names_from = name, values_from = value)
## 
## returns:
## Error in tidyr::pivot_longer():
## ! Names must be unique.
## ✖ These names are duplicated:
## "name" at locations 7049 and 7053.
## "value" at locations 7050 and 7054.
## ℹ Use argument names_repair to specify repair strategy.
## Run rlang::last_trace() to see where the error occurred.
## So I ran this code to see which columns are duplicated:
## > dup_col <- duplicated(base::as.list(as))
## colnames(as[dup_col])
## 
## character(0)
## 
## I ran another code to see if I am referring to the right columns
## > as %>%
##   select(starts_with("AS") & ends_with("_WEIGHT")) %>%
##   colnames()
## 
## [1] "AS1_WEIGHT" "AS2_WEIGHT" "AS3_WEIGHT" "AS4_WEIGHT" "AS5_WEIGHT" "AS6_WEIGHT" "AS7_WEIGHT" "AS8_WEIGHT"
## [9] "AS9_WEIGHT"
## 
## 
## Thank you in advance!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |0         |0           |7           |HJ WHY            |2023-06-02 06:09:21Z, 2023-06-02 07:08:58Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76387441|39    |0     |r,stata,nnet,marginal-effects                                                 |2023-06-02 05:49:57Z |Nader Mehri                 |  9319259|491        |I have fit a multinomial logistic model as shown below. Using the margins command, I would like to obtain the predicted values for my outcome variable while setting the predictors to some specific values. In other words, I would like to replicate the Stata code below. Chatgpt gave me code that I pasted below as well but it returns an error of "Error in find_terms_in_model.default(model, variables = variables): Some values in 'variables' are not in the model terms."
## my multinomial logist code
## library(nnet)
## model <- multinom(obesity_E ~ age_100 + I(age_100^2) + obesity + age_100:obesity +
##                   covid:race + age_100:race + education + education:race +
##                   rabplace_5, data = female_98_2020, maxit=1000)
## 
## Code suggested by ChatGPT
## margins_model <- margins(model, variables = "obesity:race:rabplace_5",
##                          at = list(age_100 = seq(0, 25, 1)), atMethod = "mean",
##                          method = "probs", force = TRUE, noSe = TRUE,
##                          save = "tran_point_F", replace = TRUE)
## 
## My Stata code
## margins  , at (age_100=(0 (1) 25) obesity=(1 (1) 4) race=(0 (1) 3) rabplace_5=(1 (1) 5)) atmeans force nose saving(tran_point_F, replace )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |0         |4           |20          |Nick Cox          |2023-06-02 06:38:52Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76387313|17    |0     |r,machine-learning,mixture-model,gmm                                          |2023-06-02 05:18:31Z |Omarov Alen                 | 14292341|25         |I'm working on implementing a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) for three-way data (i.e., a set of matrices) in R. The GMM is being estimated using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. However, I'm encountering an issue during the Expectation (E) step of the algorithm.
## In the E step, I'm calculating the posterior probabilities (responsibilities) for each data matrix belonging to each component of the mixture model. These are calculated as the product of the matrix-normal density of the data matrix given the parameters of the component and the mixing weight of the component, divided by the sum of these products over all components.
## The issue is that when I sum the posterior probabilities over all components for each data matrix (using colSums(comp.post)), I'm not getting a result of 1 for all data matrices, as I would expect.
## Here's the relevant portion of the code:
## #' Expectation Step of the EM Algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Model
## #' with three-way data (a 3D array where each matrix is a data point).
## #' Calculate the posterior probabilities (soft labels) that each component
## #' has to each data matrix using matrix-normal distribution.
## #' 
## #' @param Y Three-dimensional array containing the data, where each matrix represents a data point.
## #' @param M Array containing the mean matrix of each component, where each matrix represents a component.
## #' @param Phi List containing the row covariance matrix of each component.
## #' @param Omega List containing the column covariance matrix of each component.
## #' @param alpha Vector containing the mixing weights  of each component.
## #' @return Named list containing the loglik and posterior.df for each data matrix
## 
##   e_step <- function(Y, M, Phi, Omega, alpha) {
##   
##   # Number of components in the mixture
##   n_clusters <- length(alpha)
##   
##   # Number of matrices in the dataset
##   n_matrices <- dim(Y)[3]
##   
##   # Calculate the log of the matrix-normal density for each matrix in Y for each component
##   # and add the log of the mixing weight of the component
##   log_comp.prod <- array(dim = c(n_clusters, n_matrices))
##   for (i in 1:n_clusters) {
##     for (j in 1:n_matrices) {
##       log_comp.prod[i, j] <- matrixNormal::dmatnorm(Y[,,j], M[,,i], Phi[,,i], Omega[,,i]) + log(alpha[i])
##     }
##   }
##   
##   # Subtract the max to avoid overflow when exponentiating
##   log_comp.prod <- log_comp.prod - max(log_comp.prod)
##   
##   # Calculate the log of the total density for each matrix in Y
##   log_sum.of.comps <- log(colSums(alpha * exp(log_comp.prod)))
##   
##   # Subtract the log of the total density from the log of the density for each component
##   # to get the log of the posterior probabilities (responsibilities)
##   log_comp.post <- log_comp.prod - log_sum.of.comps
##   
##   # Exponentiate to get back to the original scale
##   comp.post <- exp(log_comp.post)
##   
##   # Calculate the log-likelihood as the sum of the log of the total densities
##   loglik <- sum(log_sum.of.comps)
##   
##   return(list("loglik" = loglik, "posterior.df" = comp.post))
## }
## 
## Here what I get:
## colSums(comp.post)
##  [1] 3.739240e+01 6.498986e-02 9.844537e+00 3.475485e+00 9.047767e+03 2.196267e-01
##  [7] 2.079427e+01 1.165800e+02 1.405744e-01 1.353819e+01 2.433372e+00 2.051357e+00
## [13] 4.472772e+00 3.597247e-02 3.210629e-01 8.761967e-01 4.396359e+01 3.265571e+02
## [19] 1.247715e+02 3.616610e-02 4.361902e-01 2.035783e-02 5.585075e+01 3.328536e+00
## [25] 5.880054e+00 2.166311e-01 5.388875e+02 3.931191e+01 1.642435e+00 5.129309e-01
## 
## I've tried different ways to compute the matrix-normal density, including using the matrixNormal::dmatnorm() function with log = FALSE and log = TRUE, and writing a custom function to compute the density. However, none of these approaches have resolved the issue.
## I use this formula for my calculations:
## 
## I'm not sure what's causing this issue or how to fix it. Any insights or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |0         |0           |3           |Omarov Alen       |2023-06-02 23:44:58Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76387295|16    |0     |r,glmnet                                                                      |2023-06-02 05:13:29Z |lorenz                      | 22004825|1          |I am trying to install the package glmnet4.1.7 in R 4.2.3
## Server details: RHEL 7.9
## gcc 7.1
## Server has No internet. I downloaded the glmnet tarball and tried to install using the command R CMD install glmnet
## When installing glmnet it fails with below error (attached):
## any suggestions on how to solve the above error? like which lgfortran file must exist in which path? etc..
## What I tried so far:
## I noticed that there is a libgfortran.so file in /lib64.. I added this in LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable but same issue is there,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76387189|46    |1     |r,installation                                                                |2023-06-02 04:45:50Z |Vincent Laufer              |  2727150|705        |I am attempting to install an R package named 'infercna', the github repository to which is linked here.
## The install process attempts to load another package named 'scalop', which is linked here.
## Specifically, this command:
## devtools::install_github("jlaffy/infercna")
## 
## returns
## Downloading GitHub repo jlaffy/infercna@HEAD
## ── R CMD build ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## ✔  checking for file ‘/private/var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T/RtmpqQIEYL/remotes7d75586a9ac5/jlaffy-infercna-98a8db8/DESCRIPTION’ (343ms)
## ─  preparing ‘infercna’:
## ✔  checking DESCRIPTION meta-information ...
## ─  checking for LF line-endings in source and make files and shell scripts
## ─  checking for empty or unneeded directories
##      NB: this package now depends on R (>= 3.5.0)
##      WARNING: Added dependency on R >= 3.5.0 because serialized objects in
##      serialize/load version 3 cannot be read in older versions of R.
##      File(s) containing such objects:
##        ‘infercna/data-raw/genes.rda’
## ─  building ‘infercna_1.0.0.tar.gz’
##    
## * installing *source* package ‘infercna’ ...
## ** using staged installation
## ** R
## ** data
## *** moving datasets to lazyload DB
## ** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
## Error in loadNamespace(j <- i[[1L]], c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[j]]) : 
##   there is no package called ‘scalop’
## Calls: <Anonymous> ... loadNamespace -> withRestarts -> withOneRestart -> doWithOneRestart
## Execution halted
## ERROR: lazy loading failed for package ‘infercna’
## * removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/infercna’
## 
## As such, I backtracked and attempted to install scalop, like so:
## remotes::install_github("jlaffy/scalop")
## 
## This is where things start to really get hairy. To install, scalop requires 95 dependencies. Upon successful installation of all 95, the installation for scalop will eventually still fail, like so:
## checking for file ‘/private/var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T/RtmpqQIEYL/remotes7d757fe15404/jlaffy-scalop-021999d/DESCRIPTION’ ...
## ─  preparing ‘scalop’: (385ms)
## ✔  checking DESCRIPTION meta-information ...
## ─  cleaning src
## ─  checking for LF line-endings in source and make files and shell scripts
## ─  checking for empty or unneeded directories
## ─  building ‘scalop_1.1.0.tar.gz’
##    
## * installing *source* package ‘scalop’ ...
## ** using staged installation
## ** libs
## using C compiler: ‘Apple clang version 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)’
## using SDK: ‘MacOSX10.15.sdk’
## clang -arch x86_64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG  -I'/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/Rcpp/include' -I/opt/R/x86_64/include    -fPIC  -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2  -c init.c -o init.o
## clang -arch x86_64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG  -I'/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/Rcpp/include' -I/opt/R/x86_64/include    -fPIC  -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2  -c nd.c -o nd.o
## nd.c:24:10: fatal error: 'S.h' file not found
## #include "S.h"
##          ^~~~~
## 1 error generated.
## make: *** [nd.o] Error 1
## ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘scalop’
## * removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/scalop’
## 
## I am writing to ask if anyone knows enough about this output to know what to do to fix the "fatal error, 'S.h' file not found" error, which ultimately kills the download.
## Several people have reached out to the author, as per the issues posted on scalop; specifically issues 4 and 5, but no reply. Additionally, posting the error message into google does not return useful hits, so far as I can see.
## Finally, I am happy to provide any and all necessary info; e.g. sessionInfo(), R version (4.3) Mac OS (11.7) etc.
## Help me Stack Overflow-Kenobi, you're my only hope.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |10          |26          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76387115|38    |0     |r,ggplot2,bar-chart,group                                                     |2023-06-02 04:29:56Z |Jess                        |  2100907|186        |I'm trying to make a side-by-side bar plot, by gender, with age category on the x axis and completion time on the y axis.  One of my age categories has no males, so there is no data and there should be no bar there.  The dodge_position2(preserve = "single") option won't work because in my example I need to specify a y aesthetic (I don't just want a frequency of all the datapoints in that age category).
## The instructions here show exactly my problem (with the double-wide bar), but I cannot find any information on how to modify it to accept an x and y aesthetic.  I suspect I need to manually create these in a much more convoluted way.  (Oh, also stacked bar graph won't work for my purpose.)
## My code attempts:
## The version with a double-wide bar for an age category missing males:
## p<-ggplot(d, aes(x=AgeGroup, y=Time, fill=Gender)) +
##   geom_bar(stat="identity", position=position_dodge(), width = 0.7) +
##   scale_fill_manual(values=c('#2A800A','#9CDC46'))
## p
## 
## This version just makes almost all my bars disappear, I have no idea why:
## p<-ggplot(d, aes(x=AgeGroup, y=Time, fill=Gender)) +
##   geom_bar(stat="identity", position=position_dodge(preserve="single"), width = 0.7) +
##   scale_fill_manual(values=c('#2A800A','#9CDC46'))
## p
## 
## This gives me error stat_count() must only have an x or y aesthetic.
## p<-ggplot(d, aes(x=AgeGroup, y=Time, fill=Gender)) +
##   geom_bar(position = position_dodge2(preserve = "single")) +
##   scale_fill_manual(values=c('#2A800A','#9CDC46'))
## p
## 
## I'm not familiar enough with ggplot2 to create this from scratch.  I would appreciate any suggestions!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      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## | 76387096|33    |1     |r,time-series,glm,arima,mle                                                   |2023-06-02 04:23:29Z |Leonardo19                  | 20873851|83         |I am confused about the difference in the fitting results of the Arima() function and glm() function.
## I want to fit an AR(1) model with an exogeneous variable. Here is the equation:
## $$
## x_{t} = \alpha_{0} + \alpha_{1}x_{t-1} + \beta_{1}z_{t} + \epsilon_{t}
## $$
## 
## Now I estimate this model using the Arima() function and glm() function and compare the results, but the results turned out to be quite different!
## Here is the sample data. x denotes the time-series variable, and z denotes the exogeneous variable, as shown in the equation above.
## library(forecast)
## library(tidyverse)
## data("Nile")
## df <- 
##   Nile %>% 
##   as_tibble() %>% 
##   mutate(x = as.numeric(x)) %>% 
##   mutate(z = rnorm(100))
## 
## Then fit the model using the Arima() and glm() and compare the results.
## fit_arima <- Arima(df$x, order = c(1, 0, 0), include.mean = TRUE, xreg = df$z)
## tibble(Parameters = c("x lag", "intercept", "z"),
##        Coefficients = coef(fit_arima),
##        Standard_Errors = sqrt(diag(vcov(fit_arima))))  
## fit_glm <- glm(df$x ~ lag(df$x) + df$z) 
## tibble(Parameters = c("intercept", "x lag", "z"),
##        Coefficients = coef(fit_glm),
##        Standard_Errors = summary(fit_glm)$coefficients[, "Std. Error"])
## 
## The results are displayed as follows.
## Arima() function:
## # A tibble: 3 × 3
##   Parameters Coefficients Standard_Errors
##   <chr>             <dbl>           <dbl>
## 1 x lag             0.510          0.0868
## 2 intercept       920.            29.4   
## 3 z                 5.02          12.1    
## 
## glm() function:
## # A tibble: 3 × 3
##   Parameters Coefficients Standard_Errors
##   <chr>             <dbl>           <dbl>
## 1 intercept       444.            83.4   
## 2 x lag             0.516          0.0896
## 3 z                 8.95          13.9 
## 
## The estimated coefficient and standard error of x lag are quite close, but the values of other two variables are very different. I find this puzzling because both the Arima() and glm() function use the maximum likelihood estimator. Could you please explain why this difference happens and how can I fix this?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |5           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386943|25    |0     |r,keras,neural-network,gradient                                               |2023-06-02 03:25:23Z |Lily Xu                     | 21847814|1          |I try to build a neural network which use log-likelihood function as an out put using R language. The output is:
## function_gamma_true<-function(args){
##   c(current_prob,current_zij,current_ki,current_zij0,predict_probabilities,
##     log_probabilities,predict_alpha,lgamma_alpha,predict_beta,log_beta,
##     predict_shape,log_shape,predict_scale,log_scale,log_y_scale,
##     predict_alpha_splicing,lgamma_alpha_splicing,predict_beta_splicing,
##     log_beta_splicing,y_observations,log_y_observations) %<-% args
##   log_probabilities0=log_probabilities[,1:no_densities]
##   loglik<-(
##       k_sum(current_zij[,1:no_densities,drop=FALSE]*
##           (log_probabilities0+predict_alpha*log_beta-lgamma_alpha+predict_alpha*log_y_observations
##           -log_y_observations-predict_beta*y_observations+current_zij[,no_densities+1]*
##             k_log(1-predict_beta_splicing^predict_alpha_splicing/exp(lgamma_alpha_splicing)*
##                y_observations^(predict_alpha_splicing-1)*k_exp(-predict_beta_splicing*y_observations))),
##         axis=2,keepdims=TRUE)+current_zij[,no_densities+1,drop=FALSE]*
##         (log_probabilities[,no_densities+1,drop=FALSE]+log_shape-log_scale-predict_scale*(log_y_scale-log_scale)-(log_y_scale-log_scale)+
##            predict_alpha_splicing*log_beta_splicing-lgamma_alpha_splicing+predict_alpha_splicing*
##            log_y_observations-log_y_observations-predict_beta_splicing*y_observations)+
##        current_ki*k_sum(current_zij0*log_probabilities,axis=2,keepdims=TRUE)
##   )
## }
## loglik<-layer_lambda(list(current_prob,current_zij,current_ki,current_zij0,predict_probabilities,
##                           log_probabilities,predict_alpha,lgamma_alpha,predict_beta,log_beta,
##                           predict_shape,log_shape,predict_scale,log_scale,log_y_scale,
##                           predict_alpha_splicing,lgamma_alpha_splicing,predict_beta_splicing,
##                           log_beta_splicing,y_observations,log_y_observations),
##                      function_gamma_true)
## 
## 
## I use 0 as y_ture. So that I can get a training result make the likelihood function reach maximum. The loss function is:
## max_loss<-custom_metric("max",function(y_true,y_pred){k_mean(y_true-y_pred)})
## 
## The error message is:
## Error in py_call_impl(callable, dots$args, dots$keywords) :
## tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.InvalidArgumentError: Graph execution error:
## <... omitted ...>.train_step(data)
## File "D:\Software\R\renv\python\R-RETI~1\lib\site-packages\keras\engine\training.py", line 1027, in train_step
## self.optimizer.minimize(loss, self.trainable_variables, tape=tape)
## File "D:\Software\R\renv\python\R-RETI~1\lib\site-packages\keras\optimizers\optimizer_experimental\optimizer.py", line 526, in minimize
## grads_and_vars = self.compute_gradients(loss, var_list, tape)
## File "D:\Software\R\renv\python\R-RETI~1\lib\site-packages\keras\optimizers\optimizer_experimental\optimizer.py", line 259, in compute_gradients
## grads = tape.gradient(loss, var_list)
## Node: 'gradient_tape/model_15/lambda_7/Add_2/BroadcastGradientArgs'
## Incompatible shapes: [1024,3] vs. [1024,1024]
## [[{{node gradient_tape/model_15/lambda_7/Add_2/BroadcastGradientArgs}}]] [Op:__inference_train_function_4724]
## See reticulate::py_last_error() for details
## How can I debug this error?
## Any help here is truly needed and is well appreciated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |0           |0           |neilfws           |2023-06-02 03:39:43Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76386904|33    |0     |r,merge,average,wide-format-data                                              |2023-06-02 03:10:39Z |oriole1231                  | 22001942|1          |I am working on a dataset where I collected moths from trees in several fields. 3 of each tree type was sampled. In some cases, some fields were sampled on the same dates, but not always.
## At each tree, samples were taken from the "top," "middle," and "bottom" sections. Because of this, there are 3 rows of values for each tree.
## I would like to somehow merge those 3 rows into one, so that we can calculate what the average number of moths per tree was. I would like to do this for all combined species as well as for each separate species.
## I am also curious to know how I would be able to calculate the average number of moths per each type of tree, and per each sample location (top, middle, bottom).
## I am sure that this is probably an easy fix, but R is pretty new to me.  I have included a sample of the data below.  I condensed it so that it wouldn't be too large. I hope that I used the dput() function correctly, and that my questions make sense. Thank you all in advance!
## treedata01 <- structure(list(Date = c("4/14/2023", "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023",
## 
## "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023",
## 
## "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023", "4/14/2023", "", "", "",
## 
## "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""),
## 
## Field = c("Field 3", "Field 3", "Field 3", "Field 3", "Field 3",
## 
## "Field 3", "Field 3", "Field 3", "Field 3", "Field 3", "Field 3",
## 
## "Field 3", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",
## 
## "", "", "", "", "", ""), TreeNumber = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L,
## 
## 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
## 
## NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA), TreeType = c("Oak",
## 
## "Oak", "Oak", "Oak", "Oak", "Oak", "Sycamore", "Sycamore",
## 
## "Sycamore", "Sycamore", "Sycamore", "Sycamore", "", "", "",
## 
## "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""
## 
## ), TreeAge = c("Old", "Old", "Old", "Old", "Old", "Old",
## 
## "Old", "Old", "Old", "Old", "Old", "Old", "", "", "", "",
## 
## "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""),
## 
## Sample.Location = c("Top", "Middle", "Bottom", "Top", "Middle",
## 
## "Bottom", "Top", "Middle", "Bottom", "Top", "Middle", "Bottom",
## 
## "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",
## 
## "", "", ""), SpeciesA = c(80L, 1L, 50L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 8L, 10L,
## 
## 13L, 0L, 0L, 0L, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
## 
## NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA), SpeciesB = c(7L, 16L, 6L,
## 
## 0L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 11L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
## 
## NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA), SpeciesC = c(17L,
## 
## 23L, 2L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 5L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, NA, NA, NA,
## 
## NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA
## 
## ), SpeciesD = c(19L, 5L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 13L, 15L, 78L, 0L,
## 
## 0L, 0L, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
## 
## NA, NA, NA, NA, NA)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
## 
## -30L))
## 
## Someone recommended that my data was in the incorrect format, so they recommended that I try something like this:
## # reformat?
## 
## treedata <- data1 %>% pivot_longer(cols = 7:10, names_to = "Species", values_to = "count")
## 
## #
## 
## treedata1$Species <- substr(treedata2$Species)
## 
## This is the code I tried, but I don't think it works with the way I have the data set up?
## combined = treedata01&#124;> 
##   summarize(across(starts_with("Species"), sum), 
##     .by = c("TreeType", "Sample Location", "Date")) &#124;>
##   summarize(across(starts_with("Species"), mean), .by = c("TreeType"))
## 
## I am not sure, but I guess I am expecting to make a column of the value for each sampled tree, and somehow take the average of collected species we would expect to find per tree, and so on? I think that my data is in the wide-format form.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |0         |0           |0           |jnpdx             |2023-06-02 04:33:07Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76386871|16    |0     |r,visual-studio                                                               |2023-06-02 02:58:20Z |Eden                        |  3878688|335        |I just got started with MS Visual Studio and am liking it. However, for work reasons I keep all my packages in a custom folder, which is not the default folder for packages. I have modified my .Rprofile file to set .libPaths() to this path so when I start R by itself it uses that path.  How do I do that for MS Visual Studio?
## Please note, I am asking how I get R to automatically know where my packages are when it's started in Visual Studio, not how to issue .libPaths() whenever I start R in VS. If it matters, I'm using VS 1.78 (from 2023).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |2           |8           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386843|47    |0     |r,dplyr                                                                       |2023-06-02 02:49:28Z |rez                         | 16817141|238        |I want to first rename my x variable to newX and then mutate a new column name z based on values of newX and y. Putting rename and mutate in same chunk result in an error.
## Is there a way to use option 1 without an error?
## set.seed(1)
## dat <- data.frame(
##   x = sample(c(0,1), size = 5, replace = TRUE),
##   y = sample(c(0,1), size = 5, replace = TRUE)
## )
##  # option 1
## dat %>%
##   rename(newX = x) %>%
##   mutate(z = rowSums(dat[c("newX", "y")] == 1))
## 
##  # option 2
## dat <- dat %>%
##   rename(newX = x)
## dat %>% 
##   mutate(z = rowSums(dat[c("newX", "y")] == 1))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |2           |12          |zephryl           |2023-06-02 03:20:27Z, 2023-06-02 03:17:35Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76386840|15    |0     |r,text,quanteda                                                               |2023-06-02 02:48:35Z |mgd_aus                     | 21250261|1          |I am tokenizing a corpus of text but am having issues with removing punctuation. It seems as though most punctuation is being removed, but not apostrophes.
## Code here:
## all.tokens <-
##   tokens(
##     my.corpus,
##     remove_punct = TRUE,
##     remove_numbers = TRUE,
##     remove_symbols = TRUE,
##     remove_url = TRUE
##   ) %>% tokens_tolower() %>% tokens_select(pattern = stopwords("en"), selection = "remove")
## 
## Anyone else have this issue? Any workarounds? Thanks!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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## | 76386786|34    |0     |r,ggplot2,tidyverse,r-glue                                                    |2023-06-02 02:27:09Z |joshbrows                   | 21612376|65         |I would like to create a plot using plotly::ggplotly().  This works just fine.
## library(ggplot2)
## #> Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.2.2
## 
## p <-
##   mtcars &#124;>
##   ggplot() +
##   geom_histogram(
##     aes(
##       x = disp,
##       text = after_stat(count)
##     )
##   )
## #> Warning in geom_histogram(aes(x = disp, text = after_stat(count))): Ignoring
## #> unknown aesthetics: text
## 
## plotly::ggplotly(p)
## #> `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## 
## 
## There is a nice trick with ggplotly() that allows me to use dummy aesthetics to display in the tooltip.  Below, I use the text aesthetic for this purpose.  However, glue() doesn't work with after_stat().  How can I fix this?
## library(ggplot2)
## #> Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.2.2
## 
## p <-
##   mtcars &#124;>
##   ggplot() +
##   geom_histogram(
##     aes(
##       x = disp,
##       text = glue::glue('{after_stat(count)}')
##     )
##   )
## #> Warning in geom_histogram(aes(x = disp, text =
## #> glue::glue("{after_stat(count)}"))): Ignoring unknown aesthetics: text
## 
## plotly::ggplotly(p)
## #> Error in after_stat(count): object 'count' not found                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |0           |7           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386732|26    |0     |r                                                                             |2023-06-02 02:12:06Z |Stephen                     |  5411912|473        |Sometimes I highlight my R code, and then I click "Run", and it runs twice. It must be the way I am clicking, but is there some way to stop this?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |0         |4           |11          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386620|55    |0     |r,dplyr,tidy,rstatix                                                          |2023-06-02 01:26:55Z |sahuno                      |  7846884|129        |I have data dataframe with two groups, Tumor and Normal. for each site/row i want calculate fischer exact for using Methyl  UnMethy between Tumor and Normal
## I'm looking for how to transform data to calculate fisher exact for each site using dplyr approach.
## methyl_dat <- data.frame(loci = c("site1", "site2", "site3", "site4"), 
##            Methy.tumor = c(50, 5, 60, 12), 
##            UnMethy.tumor = c(60, 0, 65, 5), 
##            Methy.Normal = c(13, 5, 22, 3),
##            UnMethy.Normal = c(86, 0, 35, 3) )
## 
## Here is Fischer exact strategy
## for site 1
##               Normal
## Tumor          Methyl  UnMethy
##   Methy         50      13
##   UnMethy       60      86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |0           |7           |sahuno            |2023-06-02 01:48:24Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76386429|31    |0     |r,web-scraping,rvest                                                          |2023-06-02 00:08:29Z |pparamo                     | 21958113|1          |Problem downloading pdfs from a website that stores them on AWS using rvest
## I am trying to download ~500 individual PDFs from this government webpage using rvest. The links on the site point to PDFs stored on a separate AWS site (for example this document).
## When I download the PDFs, I can't open them. I don't think I am actually downloading the linked PDFs from the AWS site. The links don't include a .pdf file type (e.g. https://getinvolved.mdba.gov.au/22346/widgets/139364/documents/47013) and I think I'm missing a step to download the actual PDFs.
## Here is a reproducible example
##    #load packages
## 
##     library(tidyverse)
##     library(rvest)
##     library(polite)
##     
##     # scrape PDF links and names
## 
##     mdba_NB_url <- "https://getinvolved.mdba.gov.au/bp-amendments-submissions/widgets/139364/documents"
##     
##     session <- bow(mdba_NB_url, force = TRUE) # from the polite package, identify and respect any explicit limits
##     
##     NB_page <- scrape(session) # scrape the page contents
##     
##     download_links <- tibble(link_names = NB_page %>% #download links
##                                html_nodes("a")%>%
##                                html_text(),
##                              link_urls = NB_page %>%
##                                html_nodes("a") %>%
##                                html_attr('href'))
##     #filter PDFs
## 
##     download_links_docs <- download_links %>%. #limit links to PDFs I need
##       filter(str_detect(link_names, "No. [0-9]"))
##     
##     download_links_docs_subset <- download_links_docs %>%. #subset for test download
##       slice(c(1:10))
##     
##     # Download PDFs
## 
##     my_urls <- download_links_docs_subset$link_urls
##     save_here <- paste0(download_links_docs_subset$link_names, ".pdf")
##     mapply(download.file, my_urls, save_here, mode = "wb")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |2           |pparamo           |2023-06-02 00:14:27Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76386409|43    |0     |r,spline,gam                                                                  |2023-06-02 00:02:27Z |Russ Conte                  |  7589075|122        |I'm working with the Boston Housing data set in the MASS package. The desired goal is something like this:
## library(MASS)
## library(tidyverse)
## library(gam)
## Boston.splines <- gam(medv ~ s(crime) + s(zn) + s(indus), data = Boston)
## 
## I can get everything except the spline function to work automatically:
## names_Boston <- names(Boston[,1:4])
## 
## f1 <- paste("medv ~", paste(names_Boston, collapse = "+"))
## f1 <- as.formula(f1)
## Boston1.gam <- gam(f1, data = Boston)
## 
## But for the life of me I can't seem to get the s() function to be added to the front of each of the column names.
## I've tried dplyr and base R, nothing works. For example, this:
## set_names(paste0('s(', paste0(names_Boston), paste0')))
## 
## returned an error message:
## Error: unexpected string constant in "set_names(paste0('s(', paste0(names_Boston), paste0')'"
## 
## What is a way to automatically add the smoothing spline function to column names to result in a formula such as gam(medv ~ s(crime) + s(zn) + s(indus), data = Boston)?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |0         |0           |6           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386402|37    |0     |r,dplyr                                                                       |2023-06-01 23:59:07Z |Hank                        |  4118306|51         |In our team, we rely heavily on the dplyr package in our R scripts. Recently, we encountered a compatibility? issue related to different versions of RStudio and dplyr.
## Some team members have the latest version of RStudio and dplyr (1.1.2), while others are using dplyr version 1.1.0. Interestingly, when team members with the newer version run the same code, they encounter a mutate error, while those with the older version do not face any issues.
## We suspect that this error might be due to the package version difference, but we wanted to share our experience and seek suggestions from the community.
## We did find a temporary solution by commenting out the code section that triggers the mutate error. This allows the code to run without any issues.
## Here is the part of the code that gives mutate error :
##          SY_Flag = case_when(
##        SY_Dup2 == T & lag(SY_Dup2, default = F) == T &
##          Location == 'Sales' & lag(Location == 'Sales') &
##          SY_Del !=T & lag (SY_Del, default = T) != T
##        ~ T
##      )
## 
## 
##  
## 
## Has anyone else experienced a similar compatibility problem between different versions of RStudio and dplyr? If so, how did you resolve it?
## Any advice or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |0           |4           |Hank              |2023-06-02 00:36:44Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76386356|36    |-1    |r,optimization,dplyr,pattern-matching,grepl                                   |2023-06-01 23:42:50Z |stevejoobs                  | 22003778|1          |How do I optimize this pattern matching function?
## I have a function that accepts a dataframe and a vector of strings called targets. The function returns
## a data frame that keeps only the rows which have at least one value that matches one of the targets. I'm running this function on dataframes with up to 28 million rows, so speed is critical.
## match_targets <- function(df, target_codes){
##    pattern = paste0("^", target_codes, collapse = "&#124;")
##    df <- df %>% 
##          filter( rowSums( sapply( ., grepl, pattern) ) > 0)
## }
## 
## I'm new to the dplyr library, so maybe there's some functions that I am not taking advantage of. Please let me know if there's any way to improve the performance of this function
## Tried on large data, expected faster runtime                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |0         |0           |0           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386347|34    |0     |r,filter,datatable,transformation,logarithm                                   |2023-06-01 23:41:09Z |Feynman                     | 21958995|13         |I'm trying to convert the values of a data table to its log(a)+1 (base 2) into a transformed data table in R. But the first two columns of the data tables are not numbers so I need to exclude them from the calculation or I will get an error. I do know how to do these two operations individually but when I combine them, I get an error saying the first two columns are not numerical values.
## Here is my code:
## logDT = log(DT, 2) + 1[, -c(1, 2)]
## 
## I am aware that I can just create an intermediary data table that excludes the columns first and then produce the log table, but I do need the first two columns in there in the log table so I'd rather just find a way to make my original code work.
## Here's an example code (the only real difference between this and my actual code is that my actual code has two non-numerical columns while this code has one):
## DT = data.table(x=c("b","b","b","a","a"),v=rnorm(5))
##    x          v
## 1: b -0.4149946
## 2: b -0.3942900
## 3: b -0.0593134
## 4: a  1.1000254
## 5: a  0.7631757                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |0         |0           |3           |Feynman           |2023-06-02 00:02:14Z, 2023-06-02 03:04:23Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76386335|34    |0     |r,dataframe,tidyr                                                             |2023-06-01 23:37:26Z |Louise                      |  7010408|23         |Lets say I have created the following data frame:
## set.seed(215)
## names <- rep(letters[1:3], 4)
## class <- sample(c("x","y","z"), 12, replace = TRUE)
## df <- data.frame(names,class)
## 
## This gives me the following data frame:
## df
##    names class
## 1      a     z
## 2      b     z
## 3      c     x
## 4      a     x
## 5      b     y
## 6      c     x
## 7      a     x
## 8      b     z
## 9      c     y
## 10     a     y
## 11     b     z
## 12     c     x
## 
## I want to collapse the rows such that each combination of name and class only appears once. In my example data above, I would have this:
## df2
##   names class
## 1     a     z
## 2     a     x
## 3     a     y
## 4     b     z
## 5     b     y
## 6     c     x
## 7     c     y
## 
## I have tried:
## new_df <- df %>%
##         tidyr::pivot_wider(., names_from = names, values_from = class) %>%
##         tibble::rownames_to_column() %>%  
##         pivot_longer(-rowname) %>% 
##         pivot_wider(names_from=rowname, values_from=value) %>%
##         as.data.frame()
## 
## But, this results in the following warning message:
## Warning message:
## Values from `class` are not uniquely identified; output will contain list-cols.
## • Use `values_fn = list` to suppress this warning.
## • Use `values_fn = {summary_fun}` to summarise duplicates.
## • Use the following dplyr code to identify duplicates.
##   {data} %>%
##   dplyr::group_by(names) %>%
##   dplyr::summarise(n = dplyr::n(), .groups = "drop") %>%
##   dplyr::filter(n > 1L) 
## 
## The resulting df looks like this:
##   name          1
## 1    a z, x, x, y
## 2    b z, y, z, z
## 3    c x, x, y, x
## 
## Please help me identify the simplest way to do this. I am trying to figure out a solution using base R or tidyverse, but am grateful for any help.
## Thank you!
## *edited to correct formatting of desired result.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |0         |0           |5           |Louise            |2023-06-01 23:41:55Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76386256|19    |0     |r,plotly                                                                      |2023-06-01 23:12:22Z |ACE                         |  6718205|309        |I have a couple of plotly graphs in R that need to be exported to powerpoint, while retaining the interactivity. Is there a way to do this? I came across a solution for this that I am posting here. But the graph is just exporting as an image that does not have interactive features:
## https://community.rstudio.com/t/export-plotly-graphs-into-ms-powerpoint/33789/3
## Does this code need to be tweaked in any way?
## library(officer)
## library(magrittr)
## library(plotly)
## library(htmlwidgets)
## library(webshot)
## 
## temp_file_proc <- tempfile(pattern = "", fileext = ".png")
## outout_file_proc <- here::here("presentation.pptx")
## 
## df <- mtcars
## x <- plot_ly() %>% add_markers(data=mtcars, x=~wt, y=~disp)
## 
## saveWidget(x, "temp.html")
## webshot("temp.html", temp_file_proc)
## 
## doc <- read_pptx()
## doc <- add_slide(doc, layout = "Title and Content", master = "Office Theme")
## doc <- ph_with(x = doc, value = "Title of the PPT", location = ph_location_type(type = "title"))
## image_add <- external_img(temp_file_proc, width = 5, height = 5)
## doc <- ph_with(x = doc, image_add,
##                location = ph_location(left = 2.5, top = 2), use_loc_size = FALSE)
## 
## print(doc, target = outout_file_proc)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |0         |2           |12          |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386162|33    |0     |r,merge,mutate                                                                |2023-06-01 22:48:53Z |Kate                        | 21996498|31         |so I basically have two dataframes mutated from a single dataframe 'original_data':
## I used the mutate function on 'original data' to keep only values <= 600 seconds, all the other values would return as NA, this is stored in 'new_data_one'.
## I then used the mutate function on 'original data' again to keep a single value >600, all the other values would return as NA, this is stored in 'new_data_two'.
## Both of these dataframe retained their structure, so something like this:
## 'original_data'
##    1  2   3   4   5
## R1 80 98 150 599 650
## R2 90 95 254 725 905
## R3 93 96 540 650 780
## 
## 'new_data_one'
##    1  2   3   4   5
## R1 80 98 150 599 NA
## R2 90 95 254 NA  NA
## R3 93 96 540 NA  NA
## 
## 'new_data_two'
##    1  2   3  4  5
## R1 NA NA NA NA  650
## R2 NA NA NA 725  NA
## R3 NA NA NA 650  NA
## 
## How do I merge the two mutated dataframes ('new_data_one' and 'new_data_two'), so I get an output of something like this (that essentially retains the same col/row structures)?
## 'desired_merged_dataframe'
##    1  2   3   4   5
## R1 80 98 150 599 650
## R2 90 95 254 725 NA
## R3 93 96 540 650 NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |0           |3           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386109|16    |0     |r,statistics                                                                  |2023-06-01 22:31:40Z |Jenny                       | 21634088|1          |I currently am trying to make a regression in R to compare my AB test for a film recommender results to see which one performs better. Currently, I am opting for a fixed effects model (plm). However, the issue I run into is that I want to control for a lot of categorical variables as it is movie data.
## For example, I need to account for user fixed effects (some users watch more movies than other in general), content fixed effects (some movies may be watched more than others), time (some days movies are watched more than others).
## I tried to run this in my regression, and I receive as output a long list of every user. It makes sense, but that's not really something I can compare in the end...
## Any ideas?
## I tried using the plm function, to create a fixed effects model. My function looks like this:
## watched_seconds ~ groupB, genre, time, language, user
## 
## I expected a regression that shows the coefficient of groupB being higher or lower than groupA.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |0         |0           |0           |neilfws           |2023-06-01 22:33:03Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76386104|24    |0     |r,ggplot2,likert                                                              |2023-06-01 22:30:53Z |Mauro r                     |  2009260|15         |Grouped likert scale using Likert package in R, results in plot with reversed scale.
## I have series of likert variables (strongly disagree-strongly agree) and a grouping variable from a survey. I am using Likert package in R and everything goes well until I want to plot one of those likert variables grouped by a grouping variable in a 100% stacked bars plot.
## In likert package to plot 100% stacked bar you can use the option centered=FALSE. This option works fine when plotting without grouping.
## In the following code you can see the problem arising in the 'L3' plot, in that the bars are inverted on the x axis compared to 'L2'. The blue color should be on the right and the yellows on the left. Note also that the percentages for neutral are not aligned, but they would be aligned if the bars were in the correct sense
## library(likert)
## library(tidyverse)
## 
## n <- 3000
## 
## set.seed(123)
## 
## # Dataframe where Q1a,b,c are the likert variables with levels 1,2,3,4,5 and 3 is the centre (neutral answer)
## some_made_up_data <- data.frame(
##   Q1a = as.factor(sample(c(1,2,3,4,5), n, replace = TRUE, prob = c(.03,.07,.2,.4, .3))),
##   Q1b = as.factor(sample(c(1,2,3,4,5), n, replace = TRUE, prob = c(.02,.1,.2,.3, .3))),
##   Q1c = as.factor(sample(c(1,2,3,4,5), n, replace = TRUE, prob = c(.05,.2,.2,.4, .2))),
##   group = as.factor(sample(c("g1", "g2", "g3", "g4", "g5"), n, replace = TRUE))
## )
## 
## # Simple Plot 100% stacked bars
## L1<-likert(some_made_up_data[,-4]) %>% 
##   plot(type="bar",
##        centered=F
##   )
## 
## # Plot with grouping, standard divergent bars
## L2<-likert(some_made_up_data[,1,drop=FALSE],grouping = some_made_up_data$group) %>% 
##   plot(type="bar",
##        centered=T
##   )
## 
## 
## # Plot with grouping, 100% stacked bars
## ## Here I am subsetting the dataframe to use only the first of the likert variables and compare distribution s across groups
## 
## L3<-likert(some_made_up_data[,1,drop=FALSE],grouping = some_made_up_data$group) %>% 
##   plot(type="bar",
##        centered=F
##   )
## 
## # View plots
## L1
## L2
## L3
## 
## I tried to play with the options of likert.options  in the likert package, but without successAlso I cannot find any solution by searching online for simlar problem.
## I am expecting the bars representing the frequencies of the likert levels to be in the correct sense, lower likert values ont he left and high likert values on the right as in 'L2' plot.
## Any suggestion is very appreciated. Thank you.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |4           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386043|42    |0     |r,p-value                                                                     |2023-06-01 22:12:05Z |Lara                        | 15804062|115        |I do have the following dataframe:
## df <- data.frame(
##   Assay = c("Gene1", "Gene2", "Gene3"),
##   DT1 = c(1,2,3),
##   DT2 = c(4,5,6),
##   DT3 = c(4,5,6),
##   DT4 = c(0,8,7),
##   DT5 = c(-1,2,5),
##   DT6 = c(4,5,3),
##   DT7 = c(5,2,9),
##   DT8 = c(0,0,4),
##   DT9 = c(3,6,2),
##   DT10 = c(5,9,1),
##   DT11 = c(2,3,4),
##   DT12 = c(8,1,6)
## )
## 
## And I would like to create a column that will contain p-values for groups compared row by row. First 5 columns (2:6) versus Next 7 columns (7:13)
## # Perform t-tests row-wise and obtain p-values
## p_values <- apply(df[, 2:6], 1, function(row) {
##   t_test_result <- t.test(row, df[, 7:13])
##   t_test_result$p.value
## })
## 
## # Add the p-values column to the dataframe
## df$p_values <- p_values
## df
## 
## For the first row when I use this script I have a p-value of 0.09335115 while if I do it manually:
## t.test(c(1,4,4,0,-1),
##        c(4,5,0,3,5,2,8))
## 
## I do have a p-value of 0.1425
## What's the issue?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |0         |0           |7           |NA                |NA                                                                                                                                                                             |
## | 76386018|19    |0     |r,tidyverse                                                                   |2023-06-01 22:05:43Z |MNK2008-                    | 18129490|33         |The first error I get is from the index(.))) line. Which is object '.' not found. When I put '.' into the index line I get an error in the spread(asset, return), which is Each row of output must be identified by a unique combination of keys. Please find code and spread error:
## # Converting Daily Prices to Monthly Returns in the tidyverse
## asset_returns_dplyr = 
##   prices &#124;>
##   to.monthly(indexAt = "lastof", OHLC = FALSE) &#124;>
##   # convert the index to a date
##   data.frame(date = index(.)) &#124;>
##   # now remove the index because it got converted to row names
##   remove_rownames() &#124;>
##   gather(asset, prices, -date) &#124;>
##   group_by(asset) &#124;> 
##   mutate(returns = (log(prices) - log(lag(prices)))) &#124;>
##   select(-prices) &#124;>
##   spread(asset, returns) &#124;>
##   select(date, symbols)
##   na.omit()
## 
## Error in `spread()`:
## ! Each row of output must be identified by a unique combination of keys.
## ℹ Keys are shared for 625 rows
## • 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 
## 518, 519, 520, 521, 522,
##   523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 5 
## 540, 541, 542, 543, 544,
## 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 
## 562, 
## 
## structure(c(117.827011108398, 120.846908569336, 120.57389831543, 
## 121.103385925293, 120.772438049316, 120.424964904785, 
## 120.73104095459, 
## 121.690849304199, 121.682556152344, 121.59984588623, 
## 42.5093727111816, 
## 43.1672821044922, 42.7486114501953, 42.9654159545898, 
## 42.7785224914551, 
## 42.5392799377441, 42.7560882568359, 43.3018455505371, 
## 43.3915596008301, 
## 43.4438934326172, 34.7362937927246, 35.6893730163574, 
## 35.6421546936035, 
## 35.9212112426758, 35.7108459472656, 35.5734710693359, 
## 35.6765060424805, 
## 35.7194404602051, 35.693675994873, 35.6850929260254, 
## 35.7743263244629, 
## 36.4761009216309, 36.2179832458496, 36.2905693054199, 
## 36.0163269042969, 
## 35.6936645507812, 35.8469200134277, 36.1615180969238, 
## 35.8711166381836, 
## 36.0243835449219, 86.7947540283203, 86.6931762695312, 
## 86.4743957519531, 
## 86.5681304931641, 86.5212860107422, 86.5993957519531, 
## 86.5369033813477, 
## 86.5290603637695, 86.6150131225586, 86.6931762695312), class = 
## c("xts", 
## "zoo"), src = "yahoo", updated = structure(1685658877.66735, class 
## = c("POSIXct", 
## "POSIXt")), index = structure(c(1356912000, 1357084800, 1357171200, 
## 1357257600, 1357516800, 1357603200, 1357689600, 1357776000, 
## 1357862400, 
## 1358121600), tzone = "UTC", tclass = "Date"), dim = c(10L, 5L
## ), dimnames = list(NULL, c("SPY", "EFA", "IJS", "EEM", "AGG")))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |0           |4           |MNK2008-          |2023-06-02 00:08:05Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76385903|40    |0     |r,random,datatable,sample                                                     |2023-06-01 21:42:41Z |Feynman                     | 21958995|13         |I'm trying to randomly select 50 columns in a data table in R (the original table has 110 columns and 1000+ rows). But when I run the code, the resulting table only has 50 rows (I am not trying to filter out the rows, only the columns).
## randomTable = sample_n(ogTable, 50, axis = 'columns') 
## I looked up this issue and it seems like this function doesn't display all rows if it exceeds the number of resulting columns, but I could not find a way to get around this.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |0         |0           |3           |NA                |2023-06-01 22:27:43Z, 2023-06-01 22:14:44Z                                                                                                                                     |
## | 76385735|50    |1     |r,interpolation,tidyr                                                         |2023-06-01 21:11:36Z |Calvin                      | 22003198|11         |I am attempting to interpolate (linearly or by other methods) between values in an R data frame. The values are grouped by a date_index in a very large dataframe, and the interpolation is between the values on a daily basis based on the f_dates. The number of f_dates changes so the interpolation, presumably,  needs to be grouped for each date_index and then ungrouped into a larger data frame? See example below.
## My attempt at the code is as follows, but I can't seem to get the grouping and interpolation to work.
## df <- data.frame("date_index"=c("20230104", "20230104", "20230104", "20230106",  "20230106", "20230106"),
## "f_date"=c("20230201", "20230203", "20230210", "20230201", "20230203", "20230210"),
##                  "value" = c(1.50, 2.00, 3.25, 4.00, 3.00, 2.50))  %>% 
##   mutate(date_index=ymd(date_index), f_date=ymd(f_date))
## 
## df %>% 
##   group_by(date_index) %>% 
##   arrange(f_date)
## 
## date_first <- first(df$f_date)
## date_last <- last(df$f_date)
## 
## ApproxFun <- approxfun(x = df$f_date, y = df$value)
## 
## date_seq <- seq.Date(ymd(date_first), ymd(date_last), by = 1)
## 
## LinearFit <- ApproxFun(date_seq)
## 
## # the interpolated dataframe
## dfi <- data.frame(f_date = date_seq,  value = LinearFit)
## 
## 
## The output I was looking for should be as follows:
## date_index  f_date  value
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-01  1.50
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-02  1.75
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-03  2.00
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-04  2.18
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-05  2.36
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-06  2.54
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-07  2.71
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-08  2.89
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-09  3.07
## 2023-01-04  2023-02-10  3.25
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-01  4.00
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-02  3.50
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-03  3.00
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-04  2.93
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-05  2.86
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-06  2.79
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-07  2.71
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-08  2.64
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-09  2.57
## 2023-01-06  2023-02-10  2.50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |0         |0           |3           |Dave2e            |2023-06-01 23:08:08Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## | 76385712|42    |1     |r,ggplot2,width,boxplot                                                       |2023-06-01 21:07:18Z |hollyrose54                 | 21120951|15         |I am struggling with boxplots in R studio. I have a data set that looks like this:
## 
## Site
## date
## Chloride_mgL
## B
## 2021-06-08 12:00:00
## 29.13800
## D
## 2021-06-08 12:00:00
## 29.41100
## D
## 2021-06-15 12:00:00
## 29.92400
## E
## 2021-06-08 12:00:00
## 29.29100
## A
## 2021-06-08 12:00:00
## 29.16800
## D
## 2021-06-22 12:00:00
## 32.79500
## C
## 2021-06-22 12:00:00
## 30.59200
## 
## Site is characters, date is POSIXct, and Chloride is numeric. I need to make box plots with date on the x axis and Chloride on the y axis, grouped by date. So, for example, I need a box on 2021-06-08 12:00:00 that is made of all of the Chloride values from all of the sites on that date/time. I can get that made, but for some reason when I make it the boxes are tiny and I need them to be bigger, but the width = function just makes the boxes into skinny lines, and not boxes at all.
## This is how I make the box plots:
## c <- ggplot(sylvan[sylvan$Site %in% c("A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G") & sylvan$Chloride_mgL > 25, ], aes(x = date, y = Chloride_mgL, group = date)) + 
##   geom_boxplot(outlier.shape = NA, color = "dark blue") + theme_minimal() + labs(y ="Chloride (mg/L)")
## c
## 
## Which gives this:
## 
## Great, but I want bigger boxes. So I try to use the width argument:
## c <- ggplot(sylvan[sylvan$Site %in% c("A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G") & sylvan$Chloride_mgL > 25, ], aes(x = date, y = Chloride_mgL, group = date)) + 
##   geom_boxplot(width = 2, outlier.shape = NA, color = "dark blue") + theme_minimal() + labs(y ="Chloride (mg/L)")
## c
## 
## And then it turns into this:
## 
## How can I make the boxes wider instead of just turning into skinny little lines? Thanks so much!
## Edit: Tried @TarJae solution, and it turned out like this:
## enter image description here                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |0         |0           |3           |hollyrose54       |2023-06-01 21:53:37Z, 2023-06-01 23:16:17Z, 2023-06-01 23:13:03Z                                                                                                               |
## |   255697|2k    |5     |math,r,statistics,bayesian,dirichlet                                          |2008-11-01 15:48:30Z |Alex Coventry               |  1941213|68,251     |I'm looking for a an R package which can be used to train a Dirichlet prior from counts data.  I'm asking for a colleague who's using R, and don't use it myself, so I'm not too sure how to look for packages.  It's a bit hard to search for, because "R" is such a nonspecific search string.  There doesn't seem to be anything on CRAN, but are there any other places to look?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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## |   127137|25k   |24    |r                                                                             |2008-09-24 13:31:07Z |kaybenleroll                |      277|16,784     |As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references,  or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. If you feel that this question  can be improved and possibly reopened, visit the help center for guidance.
##                                 
##                             
##                     
##                 
##             
##                 Closed 11 years ago.
##         
## 
## 
## Does anyone know a good online resource for example of R code?
## 
## The programs do not have to be written for illustrative purposes, I am really just looking for some places where a bunch of R code has been written to give me a sense of the syntax and capabilities of the language?
## 
## Edit: I have read the basic documentation on the main site, but was wondering if there was some code samples or even programs that show how R is used by different people.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |16        |53          |66          |NA                |2013-04-12 00:18:57Z, 2009-07-23 18:50:32Z, 2009-07-26 00:56:59Z, 2010-02-18 12:38:47Z, 2009-07-26 20:49:26Z, 2009-07-23 18:31:12Z, 2010-02-28 11:17:12Z, 2009-07-26 07:31:19Z |
## |   103312|5k    |7     |r,file,file-io,eof                                                            |2008-09-19 16:09:26Z |Gregg Lind                  |       NA|20.6k      |How can I test for the EOF flag in R? 
## 
## For example:
## 
## f <- file(fname, "rb")
## while (???) {
##     a <- readBin(f, "int", n=1)
## }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |0         |0           |0           |Unheilig          |2015-04-23 05:16:26Z                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   102056|16k   |133   |r,search,r-faq                                                                |2008-09-19 14:03:25Z |user14008                   |       NA|3,591      |Closed. This question is off-topic. It is not currently accepting answers.
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##                     Want to improve this question? Update the question so it's on-topic for Stack Overflow.
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##                         Closed 10 years ago.
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##                         Improve this question
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## 
## "The Google" is very helpful... unless your language is called "R," in which case it spits out tons of irrelevant stuff.
## 
## Anyone have any search engine tricks for "R"? There are some specialized websites, like those below, but how can you tell Google you mean "R" the language? If I'm searching for something specific, I'll use an R-specific term, like "cbind." Are there other such tricks?
## 
## rweb.stat.umn.edu
## www.rseek.org
## search.r-project.org   
## www.dangoldstein.com/search_r.html                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |0         |0           |0           |Joris Meys        |2012-05-21 09:57:35Z, 2017-05-23 12:09:51Z                                                                                                                                     |
## |    95007|36k   |79    |math,r,statistics                                                             |2008-09-18 17:59:19Z |Liu Chang                   |    15842|20,550     |I've been mystified by the R quantile function all day.  
## 
## I have an intuitive notion of how quantiles work, and an M.S. in stats, but boy oh boy, the documentation for it is confusing to me.  
## 
## From the docs:
## 
## 
##   Q[i](p) = (1 - gamma) x[j] + gamma
##   x[j+1],
## 
## 
## I'm with it so far.  For a type i quantile, it's an interpolation between x[j] and x [j+1], based on some mysterious constant gamma
## 
## 
##   where 1 <= i <= 9, (j-m)/n <= p <
##   (j-m+1)/ n, x[j] is the jth order
##   statistic, n is the sample size, and m
##   is a constant determined by the sample
##   quantile type. Here gamma depends on
##   the fractional part of g = np+m-j. 
## 
## 
## So, how calculate j?   m?
## 
## 
##   For the continuous sample quantile
##   types (4 through 9), the sample
##   quantiles can be obtained by linear
##   interpolation between the kth order
##   statistic and p(k): 
##   
##   p(k) = (k - alpha) / (n - alpha - beta
##   + 1),
##   where α and β are constants determined
##   by the type. Further, m = alpha + p(1
##   - alpha - beta), and gamma = g.
## 
## 
## Now I'm really lost.  p, which was a constant before, is now apparently a function.  
## 
## So for Type 7 quantiles, the default...
## 
## 
##   Type 7
##   
##   p(k) = (k - 1) / (n - 1). In this case, p(k) = mode[F(x[k])]. This is used by S. 
## 
## 
## Anyone want to help me out?  In particular I'm confused by the notation of p being a function and a constant, what the heck m is, and now to calculate j for some particular p.  
## 
## I hope that based on the answers here, we can submit some revised documentation that better explains what is going on here.  
## 
## quantile.R source code
## or type:  quantile.default                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            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## |    79709|1k    |5     |memory,r,function,global-variables,side-effects                               |2008-09-17 03:39:16Z |James Lavin                 |       NA|0          |I have a function inside a loop inside a function. The inner function acquires and stores a large vector of data in memory (as a global variable... I'm using "R" which is like "S-Plus"). The loop loops through a long list of data to be acquired. The outer function starts the process and passes in the list of datasets to be acquired.
## 
## for (dataset in list_of_datasets) {
##   for (datachunk in dataset) {
##     <process datachunk>
##     <store result? as vector? where?>
##   }
## }
## 
## 
## I programmed the inner function to store each dataset before moving to the next, so all the work of the outer function occurs as side effects on global variables... a big no-no. Is this better or worse than collecting and returning a giant, memory-hogging vector of vectors? Is there a superior third approach?
## 
## Would the answer change if I were storing the data vectors in a database rather than in memory? Ideally, I'd like to be able to terminate the function (or have it fail due to network timeouts) without losing all the information processed prior to termination.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |0         |0           |0           |smci              |2016-04-28 13:21:33Z, 2015-04-16 04:07:55Z                                                                                                                                     |
## |    77434|474k  |359   |r,dataframe,vector                                                            |2008-09-16 21:40:29Z |James Lavin                 |    14008|0          |Suppose I have a vector that is nested in a dataframe with one or two levels.  Is there a quick and dirty way to access the last value, without using the length() function?  Something ala PERL's $# special var?
## So I would like something like:
## dat$vec1$vec2[$#]
## 
## instead of:
## dat$vec1$vec2[length(dat$vec1$vec2)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |2         |18          |3           |Quinten           |2023-01-01 14:54:35Z, 2019-07-31 05:11:22Z, 2017-06-17 22:25:14Z, 2019-07-31 05:17:56Z, 2016-11-29 23:48:04Z, 2016-11-29 23:48:43Z, 2017-05-03 13:09:45Z                       |
## 
## 
## | ParentId|body                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |author                  |PostTime             |Reputation | BronzeMedals| SilverMedals| GoldMedals|
## |--------:|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------|:--------------------|:----------|------------:|------------:|----------:|
## | 76397805|what about:
## library(geosphere)
## library(dplyr)
## 
## the_distances <- 
##     expand.grid(name_1 = df_1$name_1, name_2 = df_2$name_2) &#124;> 
##     left_join(df_1 &#124;> mutate(coords_1 = cbind(lon, lat)), by = 'name_1') &#124;>
##     left_join(df_2 &#124;> mutate(coords_2 = cbind(lon, lat)), by = 'name_2') &#124;> 
##     rowwise() &#124;>
##     mutate(hav_dist = distHaversine(coords_1, coords_2)) &#124;>
##     select(c(starts_with('name_'), hav_dist))
## 
## ## > the_distances &#124;> head()
## ## # A tibble: 6 x 3
## ## # Rowwise: 
## ##   name_1 name_2  hav_dist
## ##   <chr>  <chr>      <dbl>
## ## 1 john   matthew    1564.
## ## 2 david  matthew    1903.
## ## 3 alex   matthew    2028.
## ## ...
## 
## the_distances &#124;>
##     group_by(name_1) &#124;>
##     summarize(min = min(hav_dist),
##               ave = mean(hav_dist), 
##               max = max(hav_dist)
##               )
## 
## ## # A tibble: 15 x 4
## ##    name_1    min   ave   max
## ##    <chr>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## ##  1 alex     354. 1361. 3108.
## ##  2 chris   1477. 2607. 3599.
## ##  3 david    302. 1519. 2678.
## ##  4 henry   1289. 2541. 3935.
## ##  5 john     880. 1862. 2701.
## ## ...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |I_O                     |2023-06-03 21:03:32Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76397627|We can use fct_inorder here:
## ggplot will order x axis alphapetically. To get the order in your table use fct_inorder:
## library(ggplot2)
## library(forcats)
## library(dplyr)
## 
## de %>% 
##   mutate(Mes = fct_inorder(Mes)) %>% 
##   ggplot(aes(fill = Cidade, y = Leitura, x = Mes)) +
##   geom_bar(position = 'dodge', stat = 'identity')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |TarJae                  |2023-06-03 19:08:42Z |70408      |           62|           18|          6|
## | 76397512|It's simply
## p + guides(size = guide_legend(order = 1), 
##            color = guide_colorbar(order = 2))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |Allan Cameron           |2023-06-03 18:46:52Z |138808     |           80|           42|          7|
## | 76397435|R is vectorized and this can be done without loops at all.
## Note that nums <- seq_len(3) is an alternative way of creating the vector nums.
## nums <- 1:3
## row <- setNames(nums, paste0("Column", nums))
## as.data.frame(t(row))
## #>   Column1 Column2 Column3
## #> 1       1       2       3
## 
## Created on 2023-06-03 with reprex v2.0.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |Rui Barradas            |2023-06-03 18:24:05Z |68610      |           63|           32|          8|
## | 76396915|As stated in the comments, your question is more about having a custom summary function.
## Note that what you called "induvidual model summary, foo$model" is not a summary (as in output for a summary function), is just the default printing method of a rms object.
## You can use summary.lm():
## foo %>%
##   {map(.$model, summary.lm)}
## 
## Extra: if you don't want your models saved as a tibble, you can use group_split -> map, instead of group_by -> nest -> map:
## foo <- mtcars %>%
##   group_split(cyl) %>%
##   map(~ rms::ols(mpg ~ hp + wt, data = .x))
## 
## Now, foo is a list and you can do more naturally:
## map(foo, summary.lm)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Ricardo Semião e Castro |2023-06-03 17:40:13Z |3983       |           27|            8|          0|
## | 76396811|Based on the latest version of R (conveniently available on a Github mirror of the development SVN repository), the probability function for the one-sided one-sample exact test is short and coded in R — which is convenient for you, as you can't call any components of R in a CRAN package other than (1) exported/publicly available R functions or (2) C functions that are defined in R.h or other header files - from the CRAN repository policy,
## 
## CRAN packages should use only the public API. Hence they should not use entry points not declared as API in installed headers nor .Internal() nor .Call() etc calls to base packages. Also, ::: should not be used to access undocumented/internal objects in base packages (nor should other means of access be employed).
## 
## Here's the code from the link above:
## pkolmogorov_one_exact <- function(q, n, lower.tail = TRUE) {
##     ## Probability function for the one-sided one-sample Kolmogorov
##     ## statistics, based on the formula of Birnbaum & Tingey (1951).
##     j <- seq.int(from = 0, to = floor(n * (1 - q)))
##     p <- q * sum(exp(lchoose(n, j)
##                      + (n - j) * log(1 - q - j / n)
##                      + (j - 1) * log(q + j / n)))
##     if(lower.tail) 1 - p else p
## }
## 
## You can copy this code into your package (although you may need to be careful if your code is licensed in some way other than GPL); it would be polite but is not legally required to acknowledge where it came from.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |Ben Bolker              |2023-06-03 20:45:24Z |208153     |          451|          368|         25|
## | 76396563|I guess the trick is to convert your data to a spatial format {GWmodel} can process. Please adapt below example to suit your purpose:
## get spatial data; I used {rnaturalearth} to obtain the province (=state) borders from Natural Earth, and I retrieved it as an sf-class object as I find simple features more convenient to work with.
## library(dplyr)
## library(rnaturalearth)
## provinces <- ne_states(country = 'Morocco', returnclass = 'sf')
## 
## 
## ## keep only name and geometry:
## provinces <- provinces &#124;> select(name)
## 
## ## > provinces
## ## Simple feature collection with 16 features and 1 field
## ## Geometry type: POLYGON
## ## Dimension:     XY
## ## Bounding box:  xmin: -17.01374 ymin: 21.41997 xmax: -1.031999 ymax: 35.92652
## ## CRS:           +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0
## ## First 10 features:
## ##                                      name                       geometry
## ## 58                    Guelmim - Es-Semara POLYGON ((-8.817035 27.6614...
## ## 60   Laâyoune - Boujdour - Sakia El Hamra POLYGON ((-12.05582 25.9958...
## 
## join attributes (model parameters) from other sources (I created some dummy data instead):
## provinces <- 
##     provinces &#124;>
##     mutate(geometry = st_centroid(geometry),
##            x1 = rnorm(16), # predictor 1
##            x2 = rnorm(16), # predictor 2
##            Y = rbinom(16, 1, .5) # binomial outcome
##            )
## 
## convert object provinces from class sf to class sp, which is required by {GWmodel} functions:
## provinces <- as_Spatial(provinces)
## 
## done (technically at least):
## the_model <- ggwr.basic(Y ~ x1 + x2,
##                      data = provinces,
##                      bw = 50, ## I just put a fixed bandwith here
##                      family ="binomial"
##                      )
## 
## ## > summary(the_model)
## ##               Length Class                  Mode   
## ## GW.arguments  11     -none-                 list   
## ## GW.diagnostic  4     -none-                 list   
## ## glms          22     -none-                 list   
## ## SDF           16     SpatialPointsDataFrame S4     
## ## CV            16     -none-                 numeric
## ## timings        2     -none-                 list   
## ## this.call      5     -none-                 call                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |I_O                     |2023-06-03 20:12:59Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76396351|I realized that the problem was that R Raster cannot read the Coordinates of sentinel data from the very beginning which messes up the merging of layers or stitching of different location.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |Johnny                  |2023-06-03 14:45:17Z |1          |            0|            0|          0|
## | 76396291|I have got an answer after researching into it.
## Since plot works well with ctree() objects, I compared the extracted tree from cforest and the tree generated by ctree() and found the following difference in their data structure.
## For ctree object, which can be plotted:
## $ fitted:'data.frame':  150 obs. of  3 variables:
##   ..$ (fitted)  : int [1:150] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
##   ..$ (weights) : num [1:150] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##   ..$ (response): Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## 
## but for a tree from cforest() result, which cannot be plotted:
## $ fitted:'data.frame':  150 obs. of  4 variables:
##   ..$ idx       : int [1:150] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##   ..$ (response): Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##   ..$ (weights) : int [1:150] 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 ...
##   ..$ (fitted)  : int [1:150] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## 
## Please note that the variables (response), (weights) and (fitted) are in different columns in the data structure of "fitted" dataframe in these two trees.
## Therefore, I use the following manipulation to adjust the "fitted" dataframe structure in the cforest tree object, and plotting is successful:
## library(partykit)
## cf <- cforest(Species ~., data=iris)
## tr <- gettree(cf, tree=1)
## nfitted <- data.frame(tr$fitted$`(fitted)`,tr$fitted$`(weights)`,tr$fitted$`(response)`)
## colnames(nfitted) <- c('(fitted)', '(weights)', '(response)')
## tr$fitted <- nfitted
## plot(tr)
## 
## Hope this will help those who encounter the same problem with the plotting of trees from cforest() in the partykit package.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Junjie HE               |2023-06-03 15:47:49Z |1          |            0|            0|          0|
## | 76396165|from the documentation of st_make_grid:
## 
## Create a square or hexagonal grid covering the
## bounding box of the geometry of an sf or sfc object
## 
## so you need to convert your dataframe of point coordinates to an sf-object "the_points" (and reproject to a projection accepting metric length units):
## library(sf)
## 
## the_points <- 
##     st_sf(geometry = DF[c('lon', 'lat')] &#124;>
##               as.matrix() &#124;>
##               st_multipoint() &#124;>
##               st_sfc() &#124;>
##               st_cast('POINT'),
##           crs = 4326 ## geographic data (in degrees)
##           ) &#124;>
##     ## convert to projected coordinates (to specify dimensions in m
##     ## take Google Mercator as first guess (EPSG-code 3857)
##     st_transform(3857)
## 
## create grid (note that your points have only about 100 m latitudinal range):
## the_grid <- 
##     st_make_grid(n = c(10, 1), cellsize = 7e3 ## 7000 km)
## 
## inspect result:
## plot(the_grid)
## plot(the_points, add = TRUE)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |I_O                     |2023-06-03 14:29:08Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76395825|In this examples all matrix variables of the current environment are converted to numeric.
## See the warning in the case where matrix cannot be converted to numeric.
## var1 <- matrix(1:10, 5, 2)
## var2 <- matrix(as.character(5:13), 3,3)
## var3 <- letters[1:5]
## var4 <- matrix(letters[1])
## 
## print(sapply(mget(ls()), typeof))
## #>        var1        var2        var3        var4 
## #>   "integer" "character" "character" "character"
## 
## for (i in ls()[sapply(mget(ls()), is.matrix)])
##   assign(i, as.numeric(get(i)))
## #> Warning in assign(i, as.numeric(get(i))): NAs introduced by coercion
## 
## print(sapply(mget(ls()), typeof))
## #>           i        var1        var2        var3        var4 
## #> "character"    "double"    "double" "character"    "double"
## 
## Created on 2023-06-03 with reprex v2.0.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Ric                     |2023-06-03 14:36:42Z |5177       |           23|           10|          0|
## | 76395682|You can set up key columns for lat / long in each data frame by multiplying by 1000 and rounding. Next add an index column in DF1 using its row numbers. You can then do a left join on the lat / long key columns and filter out the unique indices from DF1. Finally drop the unused columns and rename the resulting columns as you see fit:
## library(tidyverse)
## 
## DF2 %>%
##   mutate(key_lat = as.integer(B_Lat * 1000),
##          key_long = as.integer(B_Long * 1000)) %>%
##   left_join(DF1 %>%
##                mutate(key_lat = as.integer(A_Lat * 1000),
##                       key_long = as.integer(A_Long * 1000),
##                       rownum = row_number()),
##             by = c("key_lat", "key_long")) %>%
##   filter(!duplicated(rownum)) %>%
##   select(B_Lat, B_Long, B_Speed, A_Speed) %>%
##   rename(R_Lat = B_Lat, R_Long = B_Long, 
##          R_B_Speed = B_Speed, R_A_Speed = A_Speed)
## 
## #>     R_Lat  R_Long R_B_Speed R_A_Speed
## #> 1 5.66781 2.44323      2345      1345
## #> 2 5.66783 2.44534      4551      3551
## #> 3 5.66783 2.44534      4551      3551
## #> 4 5.66783 2.44534      4551      3551                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |Allan Cameron           |2023-06-03 11:23:42Z |138808     |           80|           42|          7|
## | 76395682|one approach would be to use the first four significant digits (signif) and {dplyr} for convenience:
## library(dplyr)
## 
## DF1 &#124;> 
##     left_join(DF2 &#124;>
##               mutate(across(contains(c('Lat', 'Long')),
##                             ~ signif(.x, 4),
##                             .names = '{.col}_Short')
##                      ),
##               by = c(A_Lat = 'B_Lat_Short')
##               ) &#124;>
##     select(-ends_with('_Short'))
## 
##    A_Lat A_Long A_Speed   B_Lat  B_Long B_Speed
## 1  5.667  2.443    1345 5.66743 2.44523    5551
## 2  5.667  2.443    1345 5.66723 2.44512    7551
## 3  5.667  2.443    1345 5.66734 2.44512    7551
## 4  5.667  2.443    1345 5.66712 2.44543    8551
## ## ...
## 
## working with spatial data, you could also use a spatial join (by proximity within an allowable distance), e. g. with {sf}.
## library(sf)
## 
## ## convert DF1 and DF2 to spatial dataframes in one go (using `Map`)
## spatial_DFs <- 
##     c('DF1', 'DF2') &#124;>
##     Map(f = \(df_name){
##         get(df_name) &#124;>
##             rowwise() &#124;>
##             mutate(geometry = (\(...) st_sfc(st_point(unlist(...))))
##                                   (c_across(contains(c('_Lat', '_Long'))))
##             ) &#124;>
##             st_sf(crs = 4326) &#124;> ## set WGS84 (EPSG 4326) as coord. system
##             ## add some snapping tolerance by growing points
##             ## into circles of 100 m radius:
##             st_buffer(100)
##     })
## 
## ## inspect buffered points:
## spatial_DFs &#124;>
##     Reduce(f = bind_rows) &#124;>
##     ggplot() + geom_sf(aes(fill = is.na(A_Lat)), alpha = .2)
## 
## 
## 
## ## join spatially:
## with(spatial_DFs,
##      st_join(DF1, DF2)
##      )
## 
## Simple feature collection with 18 features and 6 fields
## Geometry type: POLYGON
## Dimension:     XY
## Bounding box:  xmin: 5.661099 ymin: 2.442099 xmax: 5.667909 ymax: 2.445907
## Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
## # A tibble: 18 x 7
##    A_Lat A_Long A_Speed                            geometry B_Lat B_Long B_Speed
##  * <dbl>  <dbl>   <int>                       <POLYGON [°]> <dbl>  <dbl>   <int>
##  1  5.67   2.44    1345 ((5.666492 2.442246, 5.666502 2.44~  5.67   2.44    2345
##  2  5.67   2.44    3551 ((5.666142 2.444698, 5.66615 2.444~  5.67   2.45    4551
##  3  5.67   2.44    3551 ((5.666142 2.444698, 5.66615 2.444~  5.67   2.45    5551
##  4  5.67   2.44    3551 ((5.666142 2.444698, 5.66615 2.444~  5.67   2.45    7551
## ## ...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |I_O                     |2023-06-03 12:16:48Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76395522|You can create a unique row number for each unique value of AAA and then cast to wide format.
## library(dplyr)
## library(tidyr)
## 
## test.data %>%
##   mutate(row = row_number(), .by = AAA) %>%
##   pivot_wider(names_from = row, values_from = BBB:DDD, names_vary = "slowest")
## 
## # A tibble: 4 × 10
## #  AAA     BBB_1 CCC_1 DDD_1 BBB_2 CCC_2 DDD_2 BBB_3 CCC_3 DDD_3
## #  <chr>   <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## #1 APIS    a         1 Mat   a         2 ASG   NA       NA NA   
## #2 PIPIS   a        NA MNT   NA       NA NA    NA       NA NA   
## #3 AGAROS  b         4 NBEH  b         5 DJ    c         6 EU   
## #4 NOTHING NA        7 DHR   NA       NA NA    NA       NA NA   
## 
## Using data.table -
## library(data.table)
## setDT(test.data)
## 
## dcast(test.data[, row := seq_len(.N), AAA], 
##       AAA ~ row, value.var = c("BBB", "CCC", "DDD"))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |Ronak Shah              |2023-06-03 10:23:01Z |373296     |          208|          150|         20|
## | 76395254|I suggest compiled is likely the best way to go: ultimately, if you want to be somewhat efficient, then once you find one value that meets your condition it should stop looking (for that higher/lower condition).
## Try this cpp11 implementation. Note that I am no C++ guru, and while I think I've made this safely, please double-check it yourself. Constructive advice appreciated!
## cpp11::cpp_function(r'(
## writable::integers_matrix<> next_index_diff(doubles xs, double lim) {
##   int n = xs.size();
##   writable::integers_matrix<> mat(n, 2);
##   for (int i = 0; i < (n-1); i++) {
##     mat(i,0) = n;
##     mat(i,1) = n;
##     if (xs[i] == NAN) continue;
##     for (int j = (i+1); j < n; j++) {
##       if (mat(i,1) == n && xs[j] <= (xs[i] - lim)) {
##         mat(i,1) = j-i;
##         if (mat(i,0) != n) break;
##       }
##       if (mat(i,0) == n && xs[j] >= (xs[i] + lim)) {
##         mat(i,0) = j-i;
##         if (mat(i,1) != n) break;
##       }
##     }
##   }
##   mat(n-1,0) = n;
##   mat(n-1,1) = n;
##   return mat;
## })')
## 
## Demo in motion:
## next_index_diff(x, 0.5)
## #       [,1] [,2]
## #  [1,]    1    2
## #  [2,]    4    1
## #  [3,]    2    1
## #  [4,]    1   10
## #  [5,]    1    3
## #  [6,]   10    1
## #  [7,]   10    1
## #  [8,]    1   10
## #  [9,]    1   10
## # [10,]   10   10
## identical(next_index_diff(x, 0.5), res)
## # [1] TRUE
## 
## And a demonstration at scale:
## set.seed(42)
## x <- cumsum(rnorm(1000000))
## head(x)
## # [1] 1.3709584 0.8062603 1.1693887 1.8022513 2.2065196 2.1003951
## 
## system.time(res <- next_index_diff(x, 0.2))
## #    user  system elapsed 
## #   4.412   0.000   4.415 
## 
## head(res)
## #      [,1] [,2]
## # [1,]    3    1
## # [2,]    1   37
## # [3,]    1   35
## # [4,]    1   19
## # [5,]    2   17
## # [6,]    1   16
## 
## system.time(res <- next_index_diff(x, 0.5))
## #    user  system elapsed 
## #   5.790   0.000   5.791 
## head(res)
## #      [,1] [,2]
## # [1,]    4    1
## # [2,]    2   37
## # [3,]    1   36
## # [4,]    3   34
## # [5,]    2   18
## # [6,]    1   17
## 
## The second batch is with 0.5 instead, and it's not really a surprise that changing from 0.2 to 0.5 would result in an increase in runtime (since it has to go further into the vector each time to find something outside of the limits).
## Thank you for the impetus: I've been intending to do some basic tests with cpp11 for future projects, and this was a good small-bite to break the ice a little.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |r2evans                 |2023-06-03 22:23:26Z |134740     |          142|           75|          6|
## |  5869539|Very short : levels are the input, labels are the output in the factor() function. A factor has only a level attribute, which is set by the labels argument in the factor() function. This is different from the concept of labels in statistical packages like SPSS, and can be confusing in the beginning.
## 
## What you do in this line of code 
## 
## df$f <- factor(df$f, levels=c('a','b','c'),
##   labels=c('Treatment A: XYZ','Treatment B: YZX','Treatment C: ZYX'))
## 
## 
## is telling to R that there is a vector df$f 
## 
## which you want to transform into a factor, 
## in which the different levels are coded as a, b, and c
## and for which you want the levels to be labeled as Treatment A etc.
## The factor function will look for the values a, b and c, convert them to numerical factor classes, and add the label values to the level attribute of the factor. This attribute is used to convert the internal numerical values to the correct labels. But as you see, there is no label attribute. 
## 
## > df <- data.frame(v=c(1,2,3),f=c('a','b','c'))    
## > attributes(df$f)
## $levels
## [1] "a" "b" "c"
## 
## $class
## [1] "factor"
## 
## > df$f <- factor(df$f, levels=c('a','b','c'),
## +   labels=c('Treatment A: XYZ','Treatment B: YZX','Treatment C: ZYX'))    
## > attributes(df$f)
## $levels
## [1] "Treatment A: XYZ" "Treatment B: YZX" "Treatment C: ZYX"
## 
## $class
## [1] "factor"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |Joris Meys              |2011-05-03 12:48:48Z |106101     |          262|          218|         31|
## |  5869539|I wrote a package "lfactors" that allows you to refer to either levels or labels.
## 
## # packages
## install.packages("lfactors")
## require(lfactors)
## 
## flips <- lfactor(c(0,1,1,0,0,1), levels=0:1, labels=c("Tails", "Heads"))
## # Tails can now be referred to as, "Tails" or 0
## # These two lines return the same result
## flips == "Tails"
## #[1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE
## flips == 0 
## #[1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE
## 
## 
## Note that an lfactor requires that the levels be numeric so that they cannot be confused with the labels.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |pdb                     |2015-05-06 04:15:41Z |1559       |           26|           12|          0|
## |  5869539|Just wanted to share a technique that I generally use for dealing with this issue of using different names for the levels of a factor variable for scripting and pretty printing:
## # Load packages
## library(tidyverse)
## library(sjlabelled)
## library(patchwork)
## 
## # Create data frames
## df <- data.frame(v = c(1, 2, 3), f = c("a", "b", "c"))
## df_labelled <- data.frame(v = c(1, 2, 3), f = c("a", "b", "c")) %>%
##   val_labels(
##     # levels are characters
##     f = c(
##       "a" = "Treatment A: XYZ", "b" = "Treatment B: YZX", 
##       "c" = "Treatment C: ZYX"
##     ), 
##     # levels are numeric
##     v = c("1" = "Exp. Unit 1", "2" = "Exp. Unit 2", "3" = "Exp. Unit 3")
##   )
## 
## # df and df_labelled appear exactly the same when printed and nothing changes
## # in terms of scripting
## df
## #>   v f
## #> 1 1 a
## #> 2 2 b
## #> 3 3 c
## df_labelled
## #>   v f
## #> 1 1 a
## #> 2 2 b
## #> 3 3 c
## 
## # Now, let's take a look at the structure of df and df_labelled
## str(df)
## #> 'data.frame':    3 obs. of  2 variables:
## #>  $ v: num  1 2 3
## #>  $ f: chr  "a" "b" "c"
## str(df_labelled) # notice the attributes
## #> 'data.frame':    3 obs. of  2 variables:
## #>  $ v: num  1 2 3
## #>   ..- attr(*, "labels")= Named num [1:3] 1 2 3
## #>   .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "Exp. Unit 1" "Exp. Unit 2" "Exp. Unit 3"
## #>  $ f: chr  "a" "b" "c"
## #>   ..- attr(*, "labels")= Named chr [1:3] "a" "b" "c"
## #>   .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "Treatment A: XYZ" "Treatment B: YZX" "Treatment C: ZYX"
## 
## # Lastly, create ggplots with and without pretty names for factor levels
## p1 <- df_labelled %>% # or, df
##   ggplot(aes(x = f, y = v)) + 
##   geom_point() + 
##   labs(x = "Treatment", y = "Measurement")
## p2 <- df_labelled %>%
##   ggplot(aes(x = to_label(f), y = to_label(v))) + 
##   geom_point() + 
##   labs(x = "Treatment", y = "Experimental Unit")
## 
## p1 / p2
## 
## 
## Created on 2021-08-17 by the reprex package (v2.0.0)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |Ashirwad                |2021-08-17 10:35:53Z |1800       |           13|           12|          0|
## | 76394709|You can do:
## library(tidyverse)
## dw %>%
##   pivot_longer(cols          = -c(sbj, gender, age),
##                names_pattern = '(.*).(1&#124;2)',
##                names_to      = c('.value', 'var'))
## 
## # A tibble: 8 x 6
##   sbj   gender   age var     avg    sd
##   <chr>  <int> <int> <chr> <int> <int>
## 1 A          1    22 1        10     6
## 2 A          1    22 2        50    10
## 3 B          1    23 1        12     5
## 4 B          1    23 2        70    11
## 5 C          2    21 1        20     7
## 6 C          2    21 2        20     8
## 7 D          2    20 1        22     8
## 8 D          2    20 2        22     9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |deschen                 |2023-06-03 07:09:51Z |9606       |           48|           25|          3|
## | 76394485|This is a bit complicated and there are likely more elegant approaches, but one approach using dplyr and tidyr would be to (1) grouping by NAME and CLASS only, first determine consecutive times from row to row by first separating out the start and end times, then (3) calculating the difference in the end in one row and start from another (diff). It should be zero if consecutive, so cumsum will create a new "group" for each non-consecutive time. Then (4) you can create the new time using the start time from the first consecutive row and last time from the last consecutive row, and finally (5) summarize based on the new data:
## library(dplyr)
## library(tidyr)
## 
## df %>% 
##   separate(TIME, sep = 2, into = c("start", "end"), remove = FALSE) %>%
##   mutate(diff = as.numeric(end) - as.numeric(lead(start)),
##          diff = cumsum(ifelse(is.na(diff), lag(diff), diff)),
##          time2 = paste0(substr(TIME[1],1,2), substr(TIME[n()], 3, 4)),
##          TIME = case_when(diff == 0 ~ time2, TRUE ~ as.character(TIME)),
##          .by = c(NAME, CLASS)) %>%
##   summarise(SALARY = sum(SALARY), .by = c(NAME, CLASS, TIME))
## 
## Output:
##    NAME CLASS TIME SALARY
## 1  ALEX     A 1215    600
## 2 BRODI     B 1213    100
## 3 BRODI     B 1415    200
## 4 BRODI     B 1617    300
## 
## Note that tidy::separate in this case is now superseded by separate_wider_position, so could switch out the separate(...) line with separate_wider_position(TIME, c(start = 2, end = 2), cols_remove = FALSE) for good practices (but I find the latter less intuitive).
## I would suggest you run this line-by-line to see what's going on. Good luck!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |jpsmith                 |2023-06-03 04:37:22Z |9359       |           33|           14|          5|
## | 76394461|The distHaversine function is vectorized so there is no need to calculate the distances in a loop.
## Just create a data frame of the all the combinations, like you did in your second part and then calculate the distances for all of the rows.
## #all of the pairwise combinations
## grid <- expand.grid(i = seq_len(nrow(df_1)), j = seq_len(nrow(df_2)))
## 
## #create master data frame with the pairwise information name & locations
## workingdf <- data.frame(
##       name_1 = df_1$name_1[grid$i],
##       lon_1 = df_1$lon[grid$i],
##       lat_1 = df_1$lat[grid$i],
##       name_2 = df_2$name_2[grid$j],
##       lon_2 = df_2$lon[grid$j],
##       lat_2 = df_2$lat[grid$j]
## )
## 
## #calculate the distances for every row, taking the columns as input
## workingdf$distance <- distHaversine(workingdf[ ,c("lon_1", "lat_1")], workingdf[ ,c("lon_2", "lat_2")])
## 
## #summarize
## final_summary1 <- aggregate(
##    distance ~ name_1,
##    data = workingdf,
##    FUN = function(x) c(min = min(x), max = max(x), mean = mean(x), median = median(x), sd = sd(x))
## )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Dave2e                  |2023-06-03 05:00:34Z |21677      |           48|           41|         18|
## | 76394390|The output of substr should be the pattern of sub.
## string <- "this is a funny cat"
## 
## sub(substr(string, 1, 15), "orange", string)
## [1] "orange cat"
## 
## Or directly replace the first 15 characters in sub.
## sub("^.{15}", "orange", string)
## [1] "orange cat"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |benson23                |2023-06-03 03:14:53Z |15235      |           38|           18|          8|
## | 76394371|You can use tidyr's function pivot_wider here with values_fn and values_fill, which will return a data frame (which I assume you want):
## tidyr::pivot_wider(df, names_from = artist, 
##                    values_from = artist, 
##                    values_fn = list(artist = length),
##                    values_fill = list(artist = 0))
## 
## Output:
## user                      `betty blowtorch` `die Ärzte` `melissa etheridge` elvenking `juliette & the licks`
##   <chr>                                 <int>       <int>               <int>     <int>                  <int>
## 1 3bd73256-3905-4f3a-97e2-…                 1           0                   0         0                      0
## 2 f2fb0ff0-5679-42ec-a55c-…                 0           1                   0         0                      0
## 3 b3ae82c2-e60b-4551-a76d-…                 0           0                   1         0                      0
## 4 3d6bbeb7-f90e-4d10-b440-…                 0           0                   0         1                      0
## 5 bbd2ffd7-17f4-4506-8572-…                 0           0                   0         0                      1
## 
## Or in base R, a simple table may work, but will return a table structure:
## table(df$user, df$artist)
## 
##  # or for data frame
## as.data.frame.matrix(table(df$user, df$artist))
## 
## Output:
##                                       betty blowtorch die Ärzte elvenking juliette & the licks melissa etheridge
##   3bd73256-3905-4f3a-97e2-8b341527f805               1         0         0                    0                 0
##   3d6bbeb7-f90e-4d10-b440-e153c0d10b53               0         0         1                    0                 0
##   b3ae82c2-e60b-4551-a76d-6620f1b456aa               0         0         0                    0                 1
##   bbd2ffd7-17f4-4506-8572-c1ea58c3f9a8               0         0         0                    1                 0
##   f2fb0ff0-5679-42ec-a55c-15109ce6e320               0         1         0                    0                 0
## 
## Data:
## df <- read.table(text = "user               artist
## 1 3bd73256-3905-4f3a-97e2-8b341527f805      'betty blowtorch'
## 2 f2fb0ff0-5679-42ec-a55c-15109ce6e320            'die Ärzte'
## 3 b3ae82c2-e60b-4551-a76d-6620f1b456aa    'melissa etheridge'
## 4 3d6bbeb7-f90e-4d10-b440-e153c0d10b53            elvenking
## 5 bbd2ffd7-17f4-4506-8572-c1ea58c3f9a8 'juliette & the licks'", h = TRUE)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |jpsmith                 |2023-06-03 03:10:52Z |9359       |           33|           14|          5|
## | 76393814|Would it be as simple as adding a +1 and a -1 in the summarize line?
## ex <- have %>%
##   group_by(ID) %>%
##   summarize(newdate1 = c(start, date2+1), newdate2 = c(date1-1, end)) %>%
##   rename(date1 = newdate1, date2 = newdate2) %>%
##   filter(date2 > date1) %>%
##   ungroup() %>%
##   bind_rows(have) %>%
##   arrange(ID, date1)
## 
## Result:
## # A tibble: 4 × 3
##      ID date1      date2     
##   <dbl> <date>     <date>    
## 1     1 2000-01-01 2000-01-28
## 2     1 2000-01-29 2000-07-15
## 3     1 2000-07-16 2001-04-30
## 4     1 2001-04-30 2001-07-31
## 
## identical(want, ex)
## [1] TRUE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Ricardo Semião e Castro |2023-06-02 23:18:23Z |3983       |           27|            8|          0|
## | 76393742|The problem is that dat.test only provides the original variables that mob() has seen (i.e., Y, D, W, etc.) while survreg() has seen the processed variables y and x.
## The predict() method for mob() trees internally first predicts the node ID (which works smoothly in your example) and then passes on the correct subsets of newdata to the predict() method for the fitted model objects (from survreg() in this case). As the latter does not find the variables y and x in newdata it takes them from the learning data. Hence you get the warnings/errors about the mismatching dimensions.
## So there are two ways to deal with this:
## Make the survreg output believe it was fitted with the formula Surv(Y, D) ~ W + X1 + X2 or
## modify newdata to provide x.
## Strategy 1 is what lmtree() and glmtree() do internally. You have to be careful, though, that everything still works correctly when changing the supposed formula and terms. Hence, it is easier to apply strategy 2 safely, which is what I would recommend here.
## dat.test$x <- model.matrix(~ W + X1 + X2, data = dat.test)
## predict(glmtr, newdata = head(dat.test, 4), type = "quantile", p = 1:9/10)
## ##           [,1]        [,2]        [,3]       [,4]       [,5]       [,6]
## ## 1 0.0044903736 0.019754829 0.049863880 0.10133392 0.18511217 0.32115772
## ## 2 0.0008963665 0.003943451 0.009953807 0.02022824 0.03695202 0.06410937
## ## 3 0.0076736262 0.034940287 0.090110107 0.18616205 0.34486226 0.60601526
## ## 4 0.0014907219 0.006787697 0.017505298 0.03616489 0.06699489 0.11772795
## ##        [,7]      [,8]      [,9]
## ## 1 0.5505803 0.9765134 1.9803484
## ## 2 0.1099066 0.1949312 0.3953163
## ## 3 1.0520106 1.8908381 3.8980339
## ## 4 0.2043695 0.3673249 0.7572541
## 
## Caveat: The predict() method for survreg() objects with a multivariate p only returns a matrix if newdata has more than one row. If newdata has just a single row it returns a vector. This confuses the predict() method for mob() if it happens in the first node where predict() is applied because this determines the dimension of the output object. If it happens in subsequent nodes it is no problem. Also, univariate p is never a problem.
## Bonus: Yes, you are using parm as intended. However, note that this only affects the parameter instability tests. Thus, the splitting variables in the tree are selected based on how much the W effect changes along those variables. But for selecting the split point in the variable the full log-likelihood of the model (including all regressors) is maximized. Thus, the split point may be sensitive to changes in all coefficients, not just the one of W.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |Achim Zeileis           |2023-06-02 23:35:25Z |15438      |           49|           38|          0|
## | 76393686|.Renviron does not accept "R code". You can check what's happening for example with calling readRenviron("~/.Renviron").
## You could follow this route inside .Renviron or just put your code (above) in an .Rprofile file either in your $R_USER or project directory, depending on if you want to have those ENV variables "project specific" or not.
## Details on the startup process can be found in the R manual or for example in the startup package documentation, [startup package] also adds some nice functionality in case you need to handle passwords or other things along the "way" [ie. the startup process].                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |GWD                     |2023-06-03 08:34:14Z |1355       |           22|           10|        130|
## | 76393686|As mentioned, .Renviron does not expect R code but rather shell-like variable assignments. So you could add the following to your .Renviron:
## PATH=~/genetools/ncbi-blast-2.2.29+/bin/:$PATH
## 
## You could also adjust your PATH inside .zshrc, but unfortunately RStudio will not see these values! Unless, that is, you are actually starting RStudio from inside your zsh, for instance via open -a RStudio. Only then will it work.
## In general, applications only inherit the shell environment when they are launched from the shell, and .zshrc is only sourced by your zsh. This means that it cannot be used to set global configuration for applications on macOS. In earlier versions of macOS it was possible to configure the launch daemon (which is the background application that is launching all GUI applications on macOS). However, this no longer works because Apple disabled the mechanism.
## Unfortunately, as far as I can tell, there is no way to configure the global environment for GUI applications on macOS any more. All the different hacks that are documented on Stack Overflow fail. The only way is via running launchctl setenv … at every startup.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |Konrad Rudolph          |2023-06-03 10:13:42Z |526489     |         1208|          930|          0|
## | 76393636|I was able to generate proper ROC curve by adjusting the weights on my rarer outcome response from 5 to 10.
## It seems the finer resolution data requires higher weights for optimum results                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |Jason Connelly          |2023-06-02 22:54:18Z |1          |            0|            0|          0|
## | 76392914|(output <- gsub('"+', '"', gsub('<[^>]+>', "", input)))
## [1] "\"If you do not participate in any school or community activities or clubs, please describe why. (If you do not want to respond to this item, type \"skip\".)\""
## 
## To view the results as expected, we just use cat:
## cat(output)
## "If you do not participate in any school or community activities or clubs, please describe why. (If you do not want to respond to this item, type "skip".)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |Onyambu                 |2023-06-02 19:17:50Z |64533      |           53|           23|          3|
## | 76392893|I haven't found a way to make this work without using formal styling (creating a workbook and worksheet, assigning specific styles to specific rows and columns).
## Here's a working example.
## I've added some comments to explain the arguments in addStyle. If that doesn't help or you have any questions, let me know.
## library(openxlsx)
## 
## wb <- createWorkbook()               # create structure/workbook
## addWorksheet(wb, "formatting")       # create sheet and name it
##                                      # create data to add to workbook
## df1 <- data.frame(values1 = -10:10, values2 = 10:-10, letters = LETTERS[1:21])
## 
## writeData(wb, "formatting", df1)     # add data to sheet "formatting"
## 
##                                      # add styling
## # wb, sheet 1, () for negs, first 2 cols, 100 rows
## addStyle(wb, 1, style = createStyle(numFmt = '#,##0.00_);(#,##0.00)'), 
##          cols = 1:2, rows = 2:100, gridExpand = T)
## saveWorkbook(wb, "newSpreadsheet.xlsx", overwrite = T) # save formatted wb                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |Kat                     |2023-06-02 20:24:18Z |14721      |           51|           18|          3|
## | 76392840|The use of mapply subsumes the ability of shift to see data around the row you're working on.
## Incidentally, I'm replacing the single-& in the if statements with &&, you should never use & there unless it is aggregated, e.g., within sum, any, all, etc. (See Difference between Boolean operators && and & and between &#124;&#124; and &#124; in R for a discussion on the differences.)
## One way to approach this is to pass the shifted data as an argument to your function:
## set.seed(42)
## DT <- data.table(V1 = sample(LETTERS[1:3], 20, replace = TRUE),
##                  V2 = sample(1:5, 20, replace = TRUE))
## 
## fun2 <- function(x, y, shifty) {
##   if (x == "C" && isTRUE(shifty > y)) {
##     return("Greater")
##   } else if (x == "C" && isTRUE(shifty < y)) {
##     return("Lesser")
##   } else{
##     return(NA)
##   }
## }
## 
## DT[, V3 := mapply(fun2, x = V1, y = V2, shifty = shift(V2, type="lead"))]
## #         V1    V2      V3
## #     <char> <int>  <char>
## #  1:      A     4    <NA>
## #  2:      A     5    <NA>
## #  3:      A     5    <NA>
## #  4:      A     5    <NA>
## #  5:      B     4    <NA>
## #  6:      B     2    <NA>
## #  7:      B     4    <NA>
## #  8:      A     3    <NA>
## #  9:      C     2  Lesser
## # 10:      C     1 Greater
## # 11:      A     2    <NA>
## # 12:      A     3    <NA>
## # 13:      B     2    <NA>
## # 14:      B     4    <NA>
## # 15:      B     4    <NA>
## # 16:      C     2 Greater
## # 17:      C     5  Lesser
## # 18:      A     4    <NA>
## # 19:      A     5    <NA>
## # 20:      C     4    <NA>
## #         V1    V2      V3
## 
## The use of isTRUE in this fun2 is to account for the condition where shifty will be NA; another way to avoid this is to use shifty=shift(V3, type="lead", fill=0) where 0 is some meaningful number to the context of the data and analysis.
## In case you don't need to use a function, another option is to use fcase:
## DT[, V5 := fcase(
##     V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type="lead") > V2, "Greater",
##     V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type="lead") < V2, "Lesser" )]
## 
## One interesting thing about the use of fcase as opposed to the base if statements: with if, if any of the operands are NA and you don't explicitly account for this, then the condition itself will be NA causing the if statement to fail (see Error in if/while (condition) {: missing Value where TRUE/FALSE needed). This is not true with fcase:
## if (NA == 1) 2 else 3
## # Error in if (NA == 1) 2 else 3 : missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
## fcase(NA == 1, 2, TRUE, 3)
## # [1] 3
## 
## Relatedly, while ifelse does not fail, it also does not necessarily work as we want, whereas fifelse gives us the option to deal explicitly with NA conditions:
## ifelse(NA == 1, 2, 3)
## # [1] NA
## fifelse(NA == 1, 2, 3)
## # [1] NA
## fifelse(NA == 1, 2, 3, 4)
## # [1] 4
## 
## This is suggested by the formals (and documented in the docs):
## formals(ifelse)
## # $test
## # $yes
## # $no
## formals(fifelse)
## # $test
## # $yes
## # $no
## # $na
## # [1] NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |r2evans                 |2023-06-02 19:16:48Z |134740     |          142|           75|          6|
## | 76392840|The main issue,on top of the NA issue that you rightly pointed out is that the if statement requires condition of length one
## a <- 1:10
## > if(a>5)
## + { print("hello")}
## Error in if (a > 5) { : the condition has length > 1
## 
## And the fun1 is passing a vector -
## update fun1 is not passing a vector see comment below.
## In my opinion  your second option is the right way to do the job.
## DT.v2 <- DT[V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type = "lead") > V2, V3 := "Greater"][
##             V1 == "C" & shift(V2, type = "lead") < V2, V3 := "Lesser"]
## 
## 
## This is less error prone. If you really need to use if else statement I would suggest checking ?fcase.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |DJJ                     |2023-06-02 19:19:02Z |2469       |           52|           28|          2|
## | 76392725|I suggest you use labels = scales::label_number(scale_cut = scales::cut_short_scale()) to allow it to determine (based on observed data) which to use. (No if_else required.)
## df <- ChickWeight
## lumpy <- (ChickWeight$weight * 10)
## df %>% 
##   ggplot(., aes(x = `Time`, y = lumpy)) + geom_point() +
##   scale_y_continuous(name = NULL, labels = scales::label_number(scale_cut = scales::cut_short_scale()))
## 
## 
## Same plot code, but weight is a bit larger:
## df <- ChickWeight
## lumpy <- (ChickWeight$weight * 10000) # BIGGER
## df %>% 
##   ggplot(., aes(x = `Time`, y = lumpy)) + geom_point() +
##   scale_y_continuous(name = NULL, labels = scales::label_number(scale_cut = scales::cut_short_scale()))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |r2evans                 |2023-06-02 18:52:19Z |134740     |          142|           75|          6|
## | 76392631|Probably you can try this base R option (the column names might be a bit different from the desired output)
## > aggregate(. ~ number_of_degrees, df, \(x) proportions(table(x)))
##   number_of_degrees ethnicity.a ethnicity.b ethnicity.c
## 1                 1   0.3333333   0.3666667   0.3000000
## 2                 2   0.3157895   0.2105263   0.4736842
## 3                 3   0.3437500   0.4062500   0.2500000
## 
## or
## reshape(
##     as.data.frame(proportions(table(df), 2)),
##     direction = "wide",
##     idvar = "number_of_degrees",
##     timevar = "ethnicity"
## )
## 
## which gives
##   number_of_degrees    Freq.a    Freq.b    Freq.c
## 1                 1 0.3333333 0.3666667 0.3000000
## 4                 2 0.3157895 0.2105263 0.4736842
## 7                 3 0.3437500 0.4062500 0.2500000
## 
## Or, a less compact option with dplyr (sorry for my limited tidyverse knowledge)
## table(rev(df)) %>%
##     proportions(1) %>%
##     as.data.frame.matrix() %>%
##     rownames_to_column(var = "number_of_degrees") %>%
##     mutate(number_of_degrees = as.integer(number_of_degrees))
## 
## which gives
##   number_of_degrees         a         b         c
## 1                 1 0.3333333 0.3666667 0.3000000
## 2                 2 0.3157895 0.2105263 0.4736842
## 3                 3 0.3437500 0.4062500 0.2500000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |ThomasIsCoding          |2023-06-02 18:34:18Z |92599      |           78|           23|          8|
## | 76392631|This is one option:
## df &#124;>
##   summarise(n = n(),.by = c(number_of_degrees,ethnicity)) &#124;>
##   mutate(pct = n / sum(n),.by = number_of_degrees) &#124;>
##   select(-n) &#124;>
##   pivot_wider(names_from = ethnicity,
##               values_from = pct,
##               names_prefix = 'percent_',
##               names_sort = TRUE)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |joran                   |2023-06-02 18:34:10Z |169077     |          466|          429|         32|
## | 76392631|Here is a way. It is not more compact but doesn't hard code ethnicity values.
## suppressPackageStartupMessages({
##   library(dplyr)
##   library(tidyr)
## })
## 
## df %>%
##   count(ethnicity, number_of_degrees) %>%
##   group_by(number_of_degrees) %>%
##   mutate(n = 100*prop.table(n)) %>%
##   pivot_wider(number_of_degrees, 
##               names_from = ethnicity, 
##               names_glue = "percent_{ethnicity}",
##               values_from = n)
## #> # A tibble: 3 × 4
## #> # Groups:   number_of_degrees [3]
## #>   number_of_degrees percent_a percent_b percent_c
## #>               <int>     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>
## #> 1                 1      33.3      36.7      30  
## #> 2                 2      31.6      21.1      47.4
## #> 3                 3      34.4      40.6      25
## 
## Created on 2023-06-02 with reprex v2.0.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |Rui Barradas            |2023-06-02 18:51:48Z |68610      |           63|           32|          8|
## | 76392631|using mosaic::percs for percentages. You can use counts(..., format = 'percent')
## mosaic::percs(ethnicity~number_of_degrees, df)[-1]
## 
##   number_of_degrees   perc_a   perc_b   perc_c
## 1                 1 33.33333 36.66667 30.00000
## 2                 2 31.57895 21.05263 47.36842
## 3                 3 34.37500 40.62500 25.00000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |Onyambu                 |2023-06-02 18:58:00Z |64533      |           53|           23|          3|
## | 76392631|Here is a one-liner to get a table out using this data.  No packages are used.
## 100*proportions(table(df[2:1]), 1)
## 
## giving:
##                  ethnicity
## number_of_degrees        a        b        c
##                 1 33.33333 36.66667 30.00000
##                 2 31.57895 21.05263 47.36842
##                 3 34.37500 40.62500 25.00000
## 
## You could consider adding a margin to make it clear that the rows add to 100.
## addmargins(100*proportions(table(df[2:1]), 1), 2)
## 
## giving:
##                  ethnicity
## number_of_degrees         a         b         c       Sum
##                 1  33.33333  36.66667  30.00000 100.00000
##                 2  31.57895  21.05263  47.36842 100.00000
##                 3  34.37500  40.62500  25.00000 100.00000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |G. Grothendieck         |2023-06-02 19:53:02Z |251923     |          333|          198|         17|
## | 76392610|(?i) starts case-insensitive mode
## "strawberries" will be replaced by "strawberry" regardless of the case of the characters.
## library(dplyr)
## library(stringr)
## 
## df %>%
##   mutate(fruit = str_replace_all(fruit, "(?i)strawberries", "strawberry"))
## 
##   farmer      fruit number
## 1  Sally strawberry     32
## 2    Joe strawberry     12
## 3    Bob       pear     42
## 
## data:
## df <- structure(list(farmer = c("Sally", "Joe", "Bob"), fruit = c("Strawberries", 
## "strawberry", "pear"), number = c(32L, 12L, 42L)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c("1", 
## "2", "3"))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |TarJae                  |2023-06-02 18:21:27Z |70408      |           62|           18|          6|
## | 76392610|welcome to stackoverflow.
## We don't in general say hello and thanks but for new comers it might be nice, to get you on board. Asking for help and learning to do so is a great in programming.
## Please consider reading creating reproducible example in R. This will help us help you. Here a small data set at TarJae provided would make thing easier for anyone who wants to help.
## In fact you are right from the begining, but I suspect that you confused df  and df1
## df <- structure(list(farmer = c("Sally", "Joe", "Bob"), fruit = 
## c("strawberries", "strawberry", "pear"), number = c(32L, 12L, 42L)),
## class = "data.frame", 
## row.names = c("1", "2", "3"))
## 
## 
## ##  df
## ##   farmer        fruit number
## ## 1  Sally strawberries     32
## ## 2    Joe   strawberry     12
## ## 3    Bob         pear     42
## 
## If I apply your very own command but don't assign it to df1 I have what you expect.
## df %>%   mutate(fruit = str_replace(fruit, "strawberries", "strawberry"))
## 
## of course there is nothing wrong to assigning it to df1
## df1 <-  df %>%   mutate(fruit = str_replace(fruit, "strawberries", "strawberry"))
## 
## but then we need to check df1
##   ## df1
##   ##       farmer      fruit number
##   ##     1  Sally strawberry     32
##   ##     2    Joe strawberry     12
##   ##     3    Bob       pear     42        
## 
## This is because the mutatefunction makes a copy of the table df, so the table df is left unchanged. Indeed, in my opinion mutate here is a poor choice of name                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |DJJ                     |2023-06-02 19:00:32Z |2469       |           52|           28|          2|
## | 76392409|one approach would be to
## first add a (not yet used) level "A-C" to the factor "cluster"
## add a geom_histogram with its own dataset, which is the original data with cluster set to "A-C" for all observations
## Example:
## d <- data.frame(cluster = gl(3, 100, labels = c(LETTERS[1:3], 'A-C')),
##                 value = rnorm(300)
##                 )
## 
## d &#124;>
## ggplot(aes(value, fill = cluster)) +
##     geom_histogram() +
##     geom_histogram(data = d &#124;> mutate(cluster = gl(1, 300, labels = c('A-C')))) +
##     facet_wrap(~ cluster, ncol = 1) +
##     scale_fill_discrete(breaks = c(LETTERS[1:3], 'A-C'),
##                         name = 'redundant use\nof colour'
##                         )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |I_O                     |2023-06-03 15:34:32Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76392367|skip=n is only for read_excel()
## in the googlesheets4 library to start at a specified range, you'd use range_write(). This is similar to the startRow=n in the xlsx library.
## range_write(ss = "google_sheet_url", data = df, range = "B1", sheet = "test")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |stefan_aus_hannover     |2023-06-02 18:09:36Z |1553       |           13|           11|          0|
## | 76392347|There's not really any such thing as a blank entry in an R data frame; it might be NA (the most likely possibility) or an empty string "" in a character/factor column (but it should be an NA, unless you want "blank" to be an additional category). By default, R will discard rows of a data frame with NA values, if the NA-valued columns are included in a model ("complete case analysis").
## So, you should almost certainly use a tool like zoo::na.locf() (locf = "last observation carried forward") or tidyr::fill() to replace those blanks with the appropriate values.
## At which level the values of a predictor variable vary matters only at two steps of the analysis.
## deciding how to structure the model: in general, you should include random effects for all predictors that vary within groups, i.e. if x varies within group g then your model should allow for the possibility that the effects of x (i.e. slopes of y with respect to x) vary across groups, see e.g. Schielzeth and Forstmeier 2009.
## inference after fitting the model: if you are using a framework that allows you to use finite-size corrections (typically by using an F-test), then the denominator degrees of freedom should be adjusted based on the levels of variation.
## simulate some data
## For illustration, I'm going to make up an example with a continuous and a categorical predictor that vary across groups (age and ttt), and a continuous and a categorical predictor (x and t2) that vary within groups.
## library(nlme)
## library(lmerTest)
## 
## set.seed(101)
## ss <- data.frame(id = factor(1:20),
##                  age = seq(10, 20, length.out = 20),
##                  ttt = rep(c("c", "t"), 10))
##                  
## dd <- data.frame(id = rep(factor(1:20), each = 10),
##                  x = rnorm(200),
##                  t2 = factor(sample(c("a", "b"), size = 200,
##                                     replace = TRUE))
##                  )
## dd <- merge(dd, ss, by = "id")
## dd$y <- simulate(~ x + age + ttt + t2 + (x + t2 &#124;id),
##                  family = gaussian,
##                  newdata = dd,
##                  newparams = list(beta = c(0, 4, 1, 2, 3),
##                                   ## 3 x 3 cov matrix, need 6 params
##                                   theta = rep(1, 6),
##                                   sigma = 1))[[1]]
## 
## fit models
## Allowing the effects of x and t2 to vary across levels of id:
## m_lme <- lme(y ~ x + age + ttt + t2, random = ~ x + t2 &#124; id,
##              data = dd)
## m_lmer <- lmer(y ~ x + age + ttt + t2 + (x + t2 &#124; id),
##              data = dd)
## 
## inference
## anova(m_lme)
##             numDF denDF   F-value p-value
## (Intercept)     1   178 11848.141  <.0001
## x               1   178    25.549  <.0001
## age             1    17   488.387  <.0001
## ttt             1    17    54.349  <.0001
## t2              1   178    78.693  <.0001
## 
## The denDF column shows what lme "thinks" is the level of replication for each predictor. The algorithm that lme uses (which involves counting number of parameters and number of observations at each level)  gets the right answer for age and ttt, but it gets the wrong answer for x and t2 (since these are allowed to vary across groups, the correct inference should be based on the number of groups, not the number of observations ... This problem is [noted in the GLMM FAQ](GLMM FAQ), and I link to some code that does a slightly better job.)
## In contrast, the lmerTest package uses more sophisticated approximation algorithms (lme4 doesn't give p-values at all), which give approximately correct answers. (In this case we know the correct denominator df for all four predictors is 17; the range from 16-20 should make little difference in practice ...)
## anova(m_lmer)
## Type III Analysis of Variance Table with Satterthwaite's method
##     Sum Sq Mean Sq NumDF  DenDF F value    Pr(>F)    
## x    99.12   99.12     1 18.939 110.983 2.338e-09 ***
## age 411.70  411.70     1 19.803 460.956 3.475e-15 ***
## ttt  44.57   44.57     1 16.846  49.898 2.003e-06 ***
## t2   70.29   70.29     1 18.846  78.697 3.736e-08 ***
## 
## The Kenward-Roger method is more computationally demanding but usually more accurate (in this case it gives similar answers):
## anova(m_lmer, ddf = "Kenward-Roger")
## Type III Analysis of Variance Table with Kenward-Roger's method
##     Sum Sq Mean Sq NumDF  DenDF F value    Pr(>F)    
## x    98.80   98.80     1 18.958 110.621 2.375e-09 ***
## age 327.72  327.72     1 19.252 366.937 5.345e-14 ***
## ttt  35.21   35.21     1 16.376  39.425 9.879e-06 ***
## t2   69.71   69.71     1 18.908  78.047 3.876e-08 ***
## 
## Schielzeth, Holger, and Wolfgang Forstmeier. “Conclusions beyond Support: Overconfident Estimates in Mixed Models.” Behavioral Ecology 20, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 416–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arn145.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |Ben Bolker              |2023-06-03 17:57:37Z |208153     |          451|          368|         25|
## | 76392259|I couldn't think of a more straightforward approach, but this achieves what you want using dplyr and tidyr. The workflow is:
## Create 'dummy' variable "APPEARED" with all == 1. This is to ensure only one instance of "APPEARANCE" is created by slice(rep())
## Pivot to long form and create a new row for each time unit
## Create "time_var" column to hold "APPEARANCE" value and sequential value for time units in existence
## Filter any "DISAPPEARANCE" values < "APPEARANCE" values
## I wasn't sure how you wanted to handle the time units that are neither the first nor last time unit for each group so I've arbitrarily identified them as "EXISTED".
## library(dplyr)
## library(tidyr)
## 
## # Sample data
## df <- read.table(text = "SPECIES    GROUP   APPEARANCE  DISAPPEARANCE   PC1     PC2
## Alpha   A   1   2   -0.100119669    0.0595756
## Beta    B   1   2   0.217854357     -0.010260947
## Gamma   B   1   5   0.193998962     -0.029757206
## Delta   B   2   3   0.126089613     0.014409345
## Epsilon     D   3   4   -0.094182811    -0.004406088", header = TRUE)
## 
## test <- df %>%
##   mutate(APPEARED = 1) %>% 
##   pivot_longer(cols = -c(SPECIES, GROUP, APPEARANCE, PC1, PC2),
##                names_to = "status") %>%
##   group_by(SPECIES, status) %>% 
##   slice(rep(1:n(), each = value)) %>%
##   mutate(time_var = 1:n(),
##          time_var = ifelse(status == "APPEARED", APPEARANCE, time_var)) %>%
##   group_by(SPECIES) %>%
##   mutate(tmp = first(time_var)) %>%
##   filter(time_var > tmp &#124; status == "APPEARED") %>%
##   mutate(status = ifelse(status == "DISAPPEARANCE" & time_var == max(time_var),
##                        "DISAPPEARED",
##                        ifelse(status == "APPEARED", 'APPEARED', "EXISTED"))) %>%
##   select(-c(APPEARANCE, value, tmp)) %>%
##   ungroup()
## 
## data.frame(test)
##    SPECIES GROUP         PC1          PC2      status time_var
## 1    Alpha     A -0.10011967  0.059575600    APPEARED        1
## 2    Alpha     A -0.10011967  0.059575600 DISAPPEARED        2
## 3     Beta     B  0.21785436 -0.010260947    APPEARED        1
## 4     Beta     B  0.21785436 -0.010260947 DISAPPEARED        2
## 5    Delta     B  0.12608961  0.014409345    APPEARED        2
## 6    Delta     B  0.12608961  0.014409345 DISAPPEARED        3
## 7  Epsilon     D -0.09418281 -0.004406088    APPEARED        3
## 8  Epsilon     D -0.09418281 -0.004406088 DISAPPEARED        4
## 9    Gamma     B  0.19399896 -0.029757206    APPEARED        1
## 10   Gamma     B  0.19399896 -0.029757206     EXISTED        2
## 11   Gamma     B  0.19399896 -0.029757206     EXISTED        3
## 12   Gamma     B  0.19399896 -0.029757206     EXISTED        4
## 13   Gamma     B  0.19399896 -0.029757206 DISAPPEARED        5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |Leroy Tyrone            |2023-06-03 01:28:18Z |1206       |           23|           14|          0|
## | 76392228|Thanks to the very helpful comments I now understood that this is not an R problem, but rather a statistical one.
## If the interaction term includes a factor, the estimates show the effects of factor levels in comparison to a reference level. In the estimates I posted above, cc4 is the reference level. This means that e.g. students in classrooms with climate 3 (cc3) have an expected value of -0.66 compared to students in a classroom with climate 4 (cc4).
## Again a big thank you to all the contributors of the comments that helped me to understand this!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |Svenja                  |2023-06-02 18:18:03Z |11         |            0|            0|          0|
## | 76392177|base R:
## # Example data frame: 
## df <- data.frame(group = c(100, 100, 100, 200, 200, 200, 300, 300, 300))
## 
## df$number <- ave(df$group, df$group, FUN = seq_along)
## 
## dplyr:
## library(dplyr) # > 1.1.0
## df %>% 
##   mutate(number = row_number(), .by=group)
## 
##  group number
## 1   100      1
## 2   100      2
## 3   100      3
## 4   200      1
## 5   200      2
## 6   200      3
## 7   300      1
## 8   300      2
## 9   300      3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |TarJae                  |2023-06-02 17:14:37Z |70408      |           62|           18|          6|
## | 76392149|Some suspicious stuff, like the "number-of" variables which should probably instead be assignment vectors where the captain is not considered a player. The following succeeds but I have not translated it back to R.
## import pandas as pd
## import pulp
## 
## df = pd.DataFrame(
##     {
##         'Points': (
##             62.8, 48.8, 45.8, 41.8, 35.3, 30.3, 29.3,
##             23.8, 23.3, 22.3, 21.8, 19, 16.3, 8.5, 6.8,
##         ),
##         'Cost': (
##             14000, 13400, 10800, 9200, 7600, 6600, 7400,
##             5600, 5800, 5200, 6200, 4800, 4200, 2200, 1400,
##         ),
##     },
##     index=pd.Index(name='Name', data=(
##         "Jokic", "Butler", "Murray", "Adebayo",
##         "Porter", "Gordon", "Martin", "Pope", "Vincent", "Lowry", "Brown",
##         "Strus", "Robinson", "Green", "Highsmith",
##     ))
## )
## 
## 
## def make_vars(row: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
##     is_captain = pulp.LpVariable(name=f'{row.name}_captain', cat=pulp.LpBinary)
##     is_player = pulp.LpVariable(name=f'{row.name}_player', cat=pulp.LpBinary)
## 
##     # person cannot be both a player and a captain; make these mutually exclusive
##     prob.addConstraint(
##         name=f'{row.name}_excl', constraint=is_player + is_captain <= 1,
##     )
## 
##     return pd.Series(
##         index=('Captain', 'Player'),
##         data=(is_captain, is_player),
##     )
## 
## 
## prob = pulp.LpProblem(name='nba_team', sense=pulp.LpMaximize)
## df = pd.concat((df, df.apply(make_vars, axis=1)), axis=1)
## 
## # the total cost is the dot product of costs with both the captain and player assignment variables
## captain_coef = 1.5
## total_cost = captain_coef * df.Captain.dot(df.Cost) + df.Player.dot(df.Cost)
## 
## prob.addConstraint(name='total_cost', constraint=total_cost <= 50_000)
## # there are exactly four non-captain players
## prob.addConstraint(name='n_players', constraint=df.Player.sum() == 4)
## # there is exactly one captain
## prob.addConstraint(name='n_captains', constraint=df.Captain.sum() == 1)
## 
## # maximize the number of points for the roster, with more weight to the captain
## prob.objective = captain_coef * df.Captain.dot(df.Points) + df.Player.dot(df.Points)
## 
## print(prob)
## prob.solve()
## assert prob.status == pulp.LpStatusOptimal
## 
## captains = df.loc[
##     df.Captain.apply(pulp.LpVariable.value) > 0.5,
##     ['Points', 'Cost']
## ]
## players = df.loc[
##     df.Player.apply(pulp.LpVariable.value) > 0.5,
##     ['Points', 'Cost']
## ]
## print(f'{prob.objective.value():.1f} points for ${total_cost.value():,.2f}')
## print()
## print('Captain:')
## print(captains)
## print()
## print('Players:')
## print(players)
## 
## nba_team:
## MAXIMIZE
## 62.699999999999996*Adebayo_captain + 41.8*Adebayo_player + 32.7*Brown_captain + 21.8*Brown_player + 73.19999999999999*Butler_captain + 48.8*Butler_player + 45.45*Gordon_captain + 30.3*Gordon_player + 12.75*Green_captain + 8.5*Green_player + 10.2*Highsmith_captain + 6.8*Highsmith_player + 94.19999999999999*Jokic_captain + 62.8*Jokic_player + 33.45*Lowry_captain + 22.3*Lowry_player + 43.95*Martin_captain + 29.3*Martin_player + 68.69999999999999*Murray_captain + 45.8*Murray_player + 35.7*Pope_captain + 23.8*Pope_player + 52.949999999999996*Porter_captain + 35.3*Porter_player + 24.450000000000003*Robinson_captain + 16.3*Robinson_player + 28.5*Strus_captain + 19.0*Strus_player + 34.95*Vincent_captain + 23.3*Vincent_player + 0.0
## SUBJECT TO
## Jokic_excl: Jokic_captain + Jokic_player <= 1
## 
## Butler_excl: Butler_captain + Butler_player <= 1
## 
## Murray_excl: Murray_captain + Murray_player <= 1
## 
## Adebayo_excl: Adebayo_captain + Adebayo_player <= 1
## 
## Porter_excl: Porter_captain + Porter_player <= 1
## 
## Gordon_excl: Gordon_captain + Gordon_player <= 1
## 
## Martin_excl: Martin_captain + Martin_player <= 1
## 
## Pope_excl: Pope_captain + Pope_player <= 1
## 
## Vincent_excl: Vincent_captain + Vincent_player <= 1
## 
## Lowry_excl: Lowry_captain + Lowry_player <= 1
## 
## Brown_excl: Brown_captain + Brown_player <= 1
## 
## Strus_excl: Strus_captain + Strus_player <= 1
## 
## Robinson_excl: Robinson_captain + Robinson_player <= 1
## 
## Green_excl: Green_captain + Green_player <= 1
## 
## Highsmith_excl: Highsmith_captain + Highsmith_player <= 1
## 
## total_cost: 13800 Adebayo_captain + 9200 Adebayo_player + 9300 Brown_captain
##  + 6200 Brown_player + 20100 Butler_captain + 13400 Butler_player
##  + 9900 Gordon_captain + 6600 Gordon_player + 3300 Green_captain
##  + 2200 Green_player + 2100 Highsmith_captain + 1400 Highsmith_player
##  + 21000 Jokic_captain + 14000 Jokic_player + 7800 Lowry_captain
##  + 5200 Lowry_player + 11100 Martin_captain + 7400 Martin_player
##  + 16200 Murray_captain + 10800 Murray_player + 8400 Pope_captain
##  + 5600 Pope_player + 11400 Porter_captain + 7600 Porter_player
##  + 6300 Robinson_captain + 4200 Robinson_player + 7200 Strus_captain
##  + 4800 Strus_player + 8700 Vincent_captain + 5800 Vincent_player <= 50000
## 
## n_players: Adebayo_player + Brown_player + Butler_player + Gordon_player
##  + Green_player + Highsmith_player + Jokic_player + Lowry_player
##  + Martin_player + Murray_player + Pope_player + Porter_player
##  + Robinson_player + Strus_player + Vincent_player = 4
## 
## n_captains: Adebayo_captain + Brown_captain + Butler_captain + Gordon_captain
##  + Green_captain + Highsmith_captain + Jokic_captain + Lowry_captain
##  + Martin_captain + Murray_captain + Pope_captain + Porter_captain
##  + Robinson_captain + Strus_captain + Vincent_captain = 1
## 
## VARIABLES
## 0 <= Adebayo_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Adebayo_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Brown_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Brown_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Butler_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Butler_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Gordon_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Gordon_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Green_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Green_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Highsmith_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Highsmith_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Jokic_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Jokic_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Lowry_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Lowry_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Martin_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Martin_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Murray_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Murray_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Pope_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Pope_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Porter_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Porter_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Robinson_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Robinson_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Strus_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Strus_player <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Vincent_captain <= 1 Integer
## 0 <= Vincent_player <= 1 Integer
## 
## 
## Result - Optimal solution found
## 
## Objective value:                225.40000000
## Enumerated nodes:               0
## Total iterations:               0
## Time (CPU seconds):             0.03
## Time (Wallclock seconds):       0.04
## 
## Option for printingOptions changed from normal to all
## Total time (CPU seconds):       0.04   (Wallclock seconds):       0.04
## 
## 225.4 points for $50,000.00
## 
## Captain:
##        Points   Cost
## Name                
## Jokic    62.8  14000
## 
## Players:
##          Points  Cost
## Name                 
## Adebayo    41.8  9200
## Porter     35.3  7600
## Gordon     30.3  6600
## Pope       23.8  5600
## 
## If it turns out that you really do want six players, then change the 4 to 5 and this produces
## 224.7 points for $50,000.00
## 
## Captain:
##        Points   Cost
## Name                
## Jokic    62.8  14000
## 
## Players:
##            Points  Cost
## Name                   
## Adebayo      41.8  9200
## Porter       35.3  7600
## Gordon       30.3  6600
## Robinson     16.3  4200
## Highsmith     6.8  1400                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |Reinderien              |2023-06-02 22:16:34Z |9990       |           74|           49|          5|
## | 76392055|You can use gregexpr and regmatches with pat1.*?pat2 or in case they should be on a word boundary with \\bpat1.*?pat2\\b.
## regmatches(string, gregexpr("pat1.*?pat2", string))[[1]]
## #[1] "pat1 hello333\n pat2" "pat1 again pat2"     
## 
## regmatches(string, gregexpr("\\bpat1.*?pat2\\b", string))[[1]]
## #[1] "pat1 hello333\n pat2" "pat1 again pat2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |GKi                     |2023-06-02 18:58:00Z |35830      |           48|           26|          2|
## | 76391960|As in other dpylr verbs you could assign values to dynamically created LHS names by using the walrus operator := and !!sym(col) or glue syntax "{col}".
## Using a minimal reproducible example based on mtcars:
## library(dplyr, warn=FALSE)
## 
## col <- "cyl"
## mtcars &#124;> 
##   head() &#124;> 
##   add_row(cyl = 1) &#124;> 
##   add_row("{col}" := 2) &#124;> 
##   add_row(!!sym(col) := 3)
## #>                    mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## #> Mazda RX4         21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
## #> Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
## #> Datsun 710        22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
## #> Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
## #> Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
## #> Valiant           18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1
## #> ...7                NA   1   NA  NA   NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA   NA
## #> ...8                NA   2   NA  NA   NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA   NA
## #> ...9                NA   3   NA  NA   NA    NA    NA NA NA   NA   NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |stefan                  |2023-06-02 16:43:50Z |84193      |           50|           25|          6|
## | 76391906|There are likely quite a few ways to accomplish this, but one thing you could do is this:
## min_date <- df &#124;> pull({{date}}) &#124;> min()
## 
## (Minor point: I find it a little confusing to read the function when you name the arguments using the same name as the values you're likely to pass in. If it were me I'd use more generic argument names like function(df, var1, var2) or something.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |joran                   |2023-06-02 16:25:04Z |169077     |          466|          429|         32|
## | 76391906|We can use as_label former quo_name from rlang package: https://rlang.r-lib.org/reference/quo_label.html
## These functions take an arbitrary R object, typically an expression, and represent it as a string.
## Using this example data frame:
## dat <- data.frame(
##   date = c("2023-06-01", "2023-06-02", "2023-06-03"),
##   shots = c(8, 12, 10),
##   passes = c(340, 410, 390)
## )
## 
## you want to bring this working ggplot
## library(ggplot2)
## 
## dat %>% 
##   ggplot(aes(x = date, y = shots))+
##   geom_col()+
##   ggtitle(paste("Shot Totals from", min(dat$date), "-", max(dat$date))
##           )
## 
## to a custom function:
## library(ggplot2)
## library(dplyr)
## library(rlang)
## 
## cust_ggplot <- function(df, x, y) {
##   x <- enquo(x)  # Quote the 'x' argument
##   y <- enquo(y)  # Quote the 'y' argument
##   
##   ggplot(df, aes(x = !!x, y = !!y)) +
##     geom_col() +
##     ggtitle(paste("Shot Totals from", min(df[[as_label(x)]]), "-", max(df[[as_label(x)]])))
## }
## 
## cust_ggplot(dat, date, shots)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |TarJae                  |2023-06-02 16:42:58Z |70408      |           62|           18|          6|
## | 76391852|Using your data, I believe this does what you want:
## h <- hist(my_vector)
## 
## ggplot(data = data.frame(x = my_vector),aes(x = x)) + 
##   stat_bin(geom = 'bar',breaks = h$breaks)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |joran                   |2023-06-02 16:38:00Z |169077     |          466|          429|         32|
## | 76391751|I don't follow the calculations to get what you have as the sample output, but based on your description:
## library(dplyr)
## 
## df_100 <- data.frame(siteid= seq(1,5,1),conflu=c(3,2,4,5,6),diflu=c(9,2,30,2,5))
## 
## df_full <- data.frame(siteid = seq(1,10,2),conflu=c(6,3,5,2,3),diflu=c(5,9,2,30,7))
## 
## df_difference <- df_100 &#124;> 
##   inner_join(df_full, by = "siteid", suffix = c("_100", "_full")) &#124;> 
##   mutate(
##     diff_con = conflu_full - conflu_100,
##     diff_dif = diflu_full - diflu_100
##   ) &#124;> 
##   select(siteid, diff_con, diff_dif)
## 
## inner_join will match and keep only the rows with same "siteid". Then use mutate to do the calculations and select the columns you want.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Marcus                  |2023-06-02 16:40:54Z |3275       |           15|            7|          0|
## | 76391552|With the modified data containing multiple ELSEIF\n see if  strsplit works. It splits the line into several rows. Then detect criteria ) and paste together the desired string.
## library(dplyr)
## 
## data.frame(text = unlist(strsplit(mystring2, "ELSEIF\n"))) %>% 
##   filter(grepl("criteria \\)", text)) %>% 
##   mutate(text = gsub("(criteria \\)).*", "\\1", paste0("ELSEIF\n", text)))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |Andre Wildberg          |2023-06-02 16:09:17Z |11033      |           29|           12|          3|
## | 76391552|In tidyverse:
## str_extract(
##   mystring,
##   regex(
##     "ELSEIF\n +\\(\n.+\\)\\) criteria \\)",
##     dotall=TRUE
##   )
## )
## 
## See https://stringr.tidyverse.org/reference/modifiers.html                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |fm361                   |2023-06-02 16:15:13Z |16         |            2|            0|          0|
## | 76391482|the labeller argument to facet_wrap might come in handy, if you set it to "label_parsed". Example:
## d <- data.frame(x = rnorm(2),
##                 y = rnorm(2),
##                 ID = c(paste0('g~', 1:2),
##                        paste0('g~nabla~', 1:2)
##                        )
##                 )
## 
## 
## d &#124;>
##     ggplot(aes(x, y)) +
##     geom_point() +
##     facet_wrap(. ~ ID, 
##                labeller = label_parsed,
##                nrow = 2
##                )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |I_O                     |2023-06-02 18:30:08Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76391151|A full join will keep theh values of both tables
## library(dplyr)
## full_join(total_number_views_ndinstict, total_number_views_unique_na)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |G. Grothendieck         |2023-06-02 14:53:42Z |251923     |          333|          198|         17|
## | 76391100|I assume that you have used
## group_by(Name) &#124;>....  that would require to use ungroup() before you use cumsum() otherwise you calculate the cumulative sum within each group rather than an overall cummulative sum.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |Beate                   |2023-06-02 15:24:11Z |31         |            4|            0|          0|
## | 76391093|As there is a temporal element, I guess your first step would be to create a line plot where you have time on x axis and number of mature on y. And you will have a line for each treatment. You might want to consider a time series analysis if interested in all time points. Depending on your experiment an idea could be of just looking at the last time of observation; you can create a new variable which is the difference of mature at t_final - mature at t_start. This new variable could be your dependent variable for a linear regression. The predictor would be the categorical variable of treatment group (use control group as baseline for the categorical comparison).
## I don't think you want to do separate regressions, as you are trying to estimate the effect of treatment, so that is your independent variable.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |Mauro r                 |2023-06-02 14:58:28Z |15         |            4|            0|          0|
## | 76390501|With {vroom} you can conveniently read in text files into one combined dataframe like so:
## library(vroom)
## vroom(list.files('path/to/your/untarred/files', full.names = TRUE),
##              id = 'source' ## optional: keep file names in column 'source'
##       )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |I_O                     |2023-06-02 15:47:11Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76390426|library(ggplot2)
## #create my dataset
## a<-c("4000","7500","4000","102000","14500","150000")
## b<-c("A","A","A","B","B","B")
## data<-data.frame(cbind(a,b))
## data$b<-as.factor(data$b)
## data$a<-as.integer(data$a)
## #plot the data, with scientific annotation
## scientific_10 <- function(x) {   format(as.numeric(x), scientific = TRUE) }
## A<-ggplot(data, aes(x = b, y = a, fill = b)) +
##   geom_boxplot() +
##   labs(y= "ppm", x = "contaminant")+
##   geom_point(shape = 21, position = position_jitterdodge(jitter.width = 0)) + scale_y_continuous(label=scientific_10)
## A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |br00t                   |2023-06-02 13:33:25Z |1420       |           10|            8|          0|
## | 76390329|you can shift the position with position_nudge:
## ## using your example objects:
## ggppp + 
##   geom_density(mapping = aes(y = y , col = id),
##                position = position_nudge(x = 12),
##                inherit.aes = FALSE
##                ) +
##   geom_density(mapping = aes(x = x, col = id),
##                position = position_nudge(y = 20),
##                inherit.aes = FALSE
## )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |I_O                     |2023-06-02 14:04:11Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76390299|One option would be to pass both the value and and the index column to your function:
## data <- data.frame(
##   x = c(4, 5, 6, 2, 3, 5, 8, 1),
##   name = c("A", "B", "A", "B", "A", "A", "B", "B")
## )
## 
## myfun <- function(x) {
##   sprintf("The mean of %s is %f", unique(x[[2]]), mean(x[[1]]))
## }
## 
## tapply(data[c("x", "name")], data$name, myfun)
## #>                           A                           B 
## #> "The mean of A is 4.500000" "The mean of B is 4.000000"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |stefan                  |2023-06-02 12:57:20Z |84193      |           50|           25|          6|
## | 76389710|Here's an example. As you suggested it might be easiest to rasterize the vector (shapefile data) first if you're satisfied with the 100 m resolution.
## create some sample data:
## library(terra)
## library(sf) ## only needed here to create sample landuse polygon
## 
## 
## ## create a sample vector
## ## or simply: terra::vect('path/to/your/shapefile.shp')
## v_landuse <- 
##   st_point(c(0, 0)) &#124;> 
##   st_buffer(5) &#124;>
##   st_sfc() &#124;>
##   vect() ## convert to terra-compatible class "SpatVector"
## 
## 
## ## create sample rasters of random values:
## set.seed(42)
## raster_height <- raster_width <- 6
## 
## ## rasterize v_landuse and recode with 'crop' and 'grass'
## r_landuse <- rasterize(v_landuse, rast(matrix(1, raster_height, raster_width))) &#124;>
##     setValues(ifelse(values(r_landuse), 'crop', 'grass'))
## 
## r_texture <- c('low', 'middle', 'high')[1 + rbinom(raster_length ^ 2, 2, 1/3)] &#124;>
##   matrix(raster_height) &#124;> rast()
## 
## r_carbon <- runif(raster_height^2, 1, 4) &#124;>
##   matrix(raster_height) &#124;> rast()
## 
## 
## run your raster algebra, e. g. identify cropland cells with middle texture and at least 2 units of carbon:
## r_combined <- all(r_landuse == 'crop',
##                   r_texture == 'middle',
##                   r_carbon >= 2
##                   )
## 
## inspect the result:
## par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
## ls(pattern = '^r_.*') &#124;> 
##     Map(f = \(n) {
##         plot(get(n), main = n)
##         if(n == 'r_landuse') plot(v_landuse, add = TRUE)
##    })                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |I_O                     |2023-06-02 13:23:01Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76389697|You need to split on \n\n (not \n) then replace the middle \n values:
## magick::image_read(image_greek) %>% 
##   ocr() %>% 
##   str_split("\n\n") %>%
##   unlist() %>%
##   str_replace_all("\n", " ")
## 
## Output:
## [1] "© Much learning does not teach understanding."                                                       
## [2] "© The road up and the road down is one and the same."                                                
## [3] "© Our envy always lasts longer than the happiness of those we envy."                                 
## [4] "© No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it's not the same river and he's not the same man. "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |jpsmith                 |2023-06-02 12:05:08Z |9359       |           33|           14|          5|
## | 76389697|one approach:
## heraclitus_sentences <- list(c('this is', 'the first sentence',
##                                '', 'and', 'this', 'the second'))
## 
## separator <- '___'
## 
## gsub('^$', separator, heraclitus_sentences[[1]]) &#124;>
##   paste(collapse = ' ') &#124;>
##   strsplit(separator)
## 
## [[1]]
## [1] "this is the first sentence " " and this the second"   
## 
## Please remember to present code/sample data in a format others can readily work with (no screenshots).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |I_O                     |2023-06-02 12:00:14Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76389613|You can simply extract the rows satisfying your condition:
## matrix2 <- matrix1[substr(matrix1[, 1], 6, 7) == '02', ]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |user22007196            |2023-06-02 11:26:00Z |26         |            0|            0|          0|
## | 76389515|Yo need to add a third digit:
## df$cause <- ifelse(df$code >= "C000" & df$code <= "D489", "cause 1", 
##                    ifelse(df$code >= "D500" & df$code <= "D899", "cause 2", NA))
## 
## 
## > df
##   id code   cause
## 1  1 C410 cause 1
## 2  2 D486 cause 1
## 3  3 D485 cause 1
## 4  4 D501 cause 2
## 5  5 D600 cause 2
## 6  6 D899 cause 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |Gerald T                |2023-06-02 11:01:14Z |649        |           17|            3|          0|
## | 76389510|We can do this with dplyr and case_when ()
## library(dplyr)
## 
## #example data
## data <- structure(list(S.NO = c("P1", "P2", "P3", "P4", "P5", "P6"), Numbers = c(2, 5, 2, 2, 3, 4)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -6L))
## 
## create new column with filters
## data <- data %>%
##           mutate(Opt-Numbers = case_when(
##                     Numbers >= 4 ~ "Opt-CMM",
##                     Numbers < 4 ~ "Opt-MM"
##           ))
## 
## data                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |pbraeutigm              |2023-06-02 11:13:50Z |309        |            8|            3|          0|
## | 76389468|Does this work?
## library(tidyverse)
## mydata %>%
##   # Filter on months 6 and 7
##   filter(str_sub(month_id, -2) %in% c("07", "06")) %>%
##   # Sort by Key + yearmonth
##   arrange(MDM_Key, month_id) %>%
##   # Group by Key
##   group_by(MDM_Key) %>%
##   # Calculate difference between sales
##   mutate(sale_diff = sale_count - lag(sale_count)) %>%
##   # Return unique values for each Key + year
##   filter(str_sub(month_id, -2) == "07") %>%
##   mutate(year = as.integer(str_sub(month_id, 1, 4))) %>%
##   select(year, MDM_Key, sale_count = sale_diff)
## # A tibble: 12 x 3
## # Groups:   MDM_Key [2]
##     year MDM_Key sale_count
##    <int>   <int>      <int>
##  1  2012       1    -829881
##  2  2013       1     -97422
##  3  2014       1   -4785612
##  4  2015       1   -2192138
##  5  2016       1     756600
##  6  2017       1    1968317
##  7  2012       2   -1659762
##  8  2013       2    -194844
##  9  2014       2   -9571224
## 10  2015       2   -4384276
## 11  2016       2    1513200
## 12  2017       2    3936634                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |NicChr                  |2023-06-02 11:28:25Z |490        |            8|            0|          0|
## | 76389386|You could use unique():
## library(dplyr, warn = FALSE)
## 
## df &#124;>
##   group_by(variant, ID) &#124;>
##   summarise(
##     across(everything(), ~ toString(na.omit(unique(.x))))
##   )
## #> `summarise()` has grouped output by 'variant'. You can override using the
## #> `.groups` argument.
## #> # A tibble: 4 × 4
## #> # Groups:   variant [4]
## #>   variant      ID    value1 value2
## #>   <chr>        <chr> <chr>  <chr> 
## #> 1 1-12345-GT   A     GJB1   0.5, 1
## #> 2 2-3456-C-T   B     TBC    0.5   
## #> 3 3-45567-C-A  C     TZY    0.5   
## #> 4 4-566879-C-T D     FBY    0.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |stefan                  |2023-06-02 10:48:11Z |84193      |           50|           25|          6|
## | 76389243|You can use littler and its r front-end.  It provides a vector argv (just like C does) which is also easier to use programmatically than commandArgs().  (We most often use this with additional command-line parsing packages; I liked docopt a lot and have many examples.)
## Code
## #!/usr/bin/r
## 
## for (i in seq_along(argv)) {
##     cat("Argument", i, "is", argv[i], "\n")
## }
## 
## Demo
## $ ./argcount.r a b c d e f g h i j k l
## Argument 1 is a 
## Argument 2 is b 
## Argument 3 is c 
## Argument 4 is d 
## Argument 5 is e 
## Argument 6 is f 
## Argument 7 is g 
## Argument 8 is h 
## Argument 9 is i 
## Argument 10 is j 
## Argument 11 is k 
## Argument 12 is l 
## $ 
## 
## (This worked all the way up to 26 when I just tested with all letters.)
## Littler ships with a Makevars for Linux and macOS and could build on Windows but I have not a need. If someone wants to "port" this, the very similar package RInside is structured similarly and can provide a model.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Dirk Eddelbuettel       |2023-06-02 13:00:24Z |358804     |          722|          638|         56|
## | 76389243|BASH has a builtin named shift which might help you.
## #!/usr/bin/bash
## 
## echo ${1} ${9}
## shift 9
## echo ${1}
## 
## If you save the above script as shift_example.bash and make it executable then you can call it as below to see what I mean.
## ./shift_example.bash A B C D E F G H I J K L
## 
## The second echo should print J which is the tenth argument.
## See https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html for details.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |chandra                 |2023-06-02 12:51:32Z |63         |            6|            0|          0|
## | 76389050|Two basic approaches: (1) do a yearly sequence, conditioning on whether the start is before and if the end is after June (06), used in the base R approach; (2) do a monthly sequence, conditioning (group-filtering) each year on whether "06" is in one of the months. They both work, which you choose depends on comfort/preference.
## base R
## Since this example uses "sequence by year", I'll use the fact that POSIXlt (notice the l, as opposed to the more common POSIXct) is really a list with elements for year, month, etc:
## dput(as.POSIXlt(Sys.time()))
## # structure(list(sec = 21.7977600097656, min = 30L, hour = 8L, 
## #     mday = 2L, mon = 5L, year = 123L, wday = 5L, yday = 152L, 
## #     isdst = 1L, zone = "EDT", gmtoff = -14400L), class = c("POSIXlt", 
## # "POSIXt"), tzone = c("", "EST", "EDT"))
## 
## With that, we can easily $-index the list and compare the month as a value. NOTE: ?POSIXlt shows that mon is ‘mon’ 0-11: months after the first of the year, meaning that June is 5 in 0-based months. (Ergo the use of 5 below.)
## fun <- function(sd, ed) {
##   sdlt <- as.POSIXlt(sd)
##   edlt <- as.POSIXlt(ed)
##   if (sdlt$mon > 5) sdlt$year <- sdlt$year+1
##   if (edlt$mon < 5) edlt$year <- edlt$year-1
##   if (sdlt <= edlt) unique(format(seq.Date(as.Date(sdlt), as.Date(edlt), by = "year"), format="%Y"))
## }
## years <- Map(fun, mydata$startdate, mydata$enddate)
## str(years)
## # List of 5
## #  $ : chr [1:5] "2008" "2009" "2010" "2011" ...
## #  $ : chr [1:4] "2008" "2009" "2010" "2011"
## #  $ : chr "2012"
## #  $ : chr "2012"
## #  $ : NULL
## out <- data.frame(
##   id = rep(mydata$id, lengths(years)), 
##   statenumber = rep(mydata$statenumber, lengths(years)), 
##   year = unlist(years))
## out
## #      id statenumber year
## # 1  R007           1 2008
## # 2  R007           1 2009
## # 3  R007           1 2010
## # 4  R007           1 2011
## # 5  R007           1 2012
## # 6  R008           2 2008
## # 7  R008           2 2009
## # 8  R008           2 2010
## # 9  R008           2 2011
## # 10 R008           3 2012
## # 11 R009           4 2012
## 
## If there's a chance to have duplicates (repeated states for an id that gap within the same year), then you can use unique(out).
## Map just "zips" the data together. The individual calls to fun unrolled would look like this:
## list(
##   fun(mydata$startdate[1], mydata$enddate[1]),
##   fun(mydata$startdate[2], mydata$enddate[2]),
##   fun(mydata$startdate[3], mydata$enddate[3]),
##   fun(mydata$startdate[4], mydata$enddate[4]),
##   fun(mydata$startdate[5], mydata$enddate[5])
## )
## 
## The inclusion of ed on the end of c(seq.Date(..), ed) is to guard against the fact that seq may not include the year of the enddate. In this case, it ensures that R008 in state 2 sees 2012.
## dplyr
## In this (and the data.table) section, we'll use the monthly sequence instead, using format="%m" as the month. Dissimilar from POSIXlt above (June is 5), reading ?%strptime for the %-codes defines %m as ‘%m’ Month as decimal number (01-12), so June is back to "06".
## library(dplyr)
## mydata %>%
##   rowwise() %>%
##   summarize(
##     id, statenumber, 
##     dates = seq(startdate, enddate, by = "month"), 
##     year = format(dates, format = "%Y")) %>%
##   group_by(id, statenumber, year) %>%
##   filter(any(format(dates, format = "%m") == "06")) %>%
##   distinct(id, statenumber, year) %>%
##   ungroup()
## # # A tibble: 11 × 3
## #    id    statenumber year 
## #    <chr>       <dbl> <chr>
## #  1 R007            1 2008 
## #  2 R007            1 2009 
## #  3 R007            1 2010 
## #  4 R007            1 2011 
## #  5 R007            1 2012 
## #  6 R008            2 2008 
## #  7 R008            2 2009 
## #  8 R008            2 2010 
## #  9 R008            2 2011 
## # 10 R008            3 2012 
## # 11 R009            4 2012 
## 
## I generally try to avoid rowwise when able, but this problem does need to be executed one row at a time (which is effectively what Map is doing in the base R solution above).
## data.table
## library(data.table)
## as.data.table(mydata)[, .(id, statenumber, dates = seq(startdate, enddate, by = "month")), by = .(seq(nrow(mydata)))
##   ][, year := format(dates, format="%Y")
##   ][, .SD[any(format(dates, format="%m") == "06"),], by = .(id, statenumber, year)
##   ][, c("seq", "dates") := NULL
##   ][, unique(.SD)]
## #         id statenumber   year
## #     <char>       <num> <char>
## #  1:   R007           1   2008
## #  2:   R007           1   2009
## #  3:   R007           1   2010
## #  4:   R007           1   2011
## #  5:   R007           1   2012
## #  6:   R008           2   2008
## #  7:   R008           2   2009
## #  8:   R008           2   2010
## #  9:   R008           2   2011
## # 10:   R008           3   2012
## # 11:   R009           4   2012                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |r2evans                 |2023-06-02 11:56:09Z |134740     |          142|           75|          6|
## | 76389050|Perhaps not the prettiest solution but would this work?
## library(tidyverse)
## library(tidyr)
## mydata %>%
##   mutate(yearmonth = startdate) %>%
##   group_by(id, statenumber) %>%
##   complete(yearmonth = seq(startdate, enddate, by = "month")) %>%
##   arrange(id, yearmonth) %>%
##   mutate(year = year(yearmonth),
##          month = month(yearmonth)) %>%
##   group_by(id) %>%
##   fill(statenumber, .direction = "down") %>%
##   mutate(year_residence = if_else(month == 6L, year, NA_integer_)) %>%
##   group_by(id, year, statenumber) %>%
##   fill(year_residence, .direction = "updown") %>%
##   ungroup() %>%
##   distinct(id, statenumber, year_residence) %>%
##   filter(!is.na(year_residence))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |NicChr                  |2023-06-02 12:13:26Z |490        |            8|            0|          0|
## | 76389028|something like this?
## library (ggplot2)
## library(dplyr)
## 
## df <- data.frame(
##     x = gl(4, 1, labels = c('first', 'A', 'second', 'B')),
##     y = rnorm(4),
##     show_marker = c(FALSE, TRUE)
## )
## 
## df &#124;>
##     ggplot(aes(x,y)) + 
##     geom_point(data = df &#124;> filter(show_marker)) +
##     scale_x_discrete(drop = FALSE,  ) +
##     coord_flip() +
##     theme(axis.text.y = element_text(angle = c(90, 0),
##                                      hjust = c(0)
##                                      )
##           )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |I_O                     |2023-06-02 16:30:36Z |2755       |           14|            2|          0|
## | 76389028|We could do it with facets:
## # data
## df =  
##   data.frame(
##   x = factor(c("A", "B", "C", "B", "A", "C")), 
##   label = factor(c("header 1", "header 2", "header 3", "header 2","header 1", "header 3")), 
##   y = c(10, 15, 8, 12, 9, 10)  
## )
## 
##   ggplot(df, aes(x,y)) +
##   geom_point() + 
##   coord_flip() + 
##   facet_wrap(~ label,ncol = 1,strip.position = "left", scales = "free_y") +
##   theme(panel.spacing = unit(0,'cm'),
##         strip.placement = "outside",
##         strip.background = element_blank(),
##         strip.text = element_text(hjust = 0))
## 
## 
## 
## Created on 2023-06-02 with reprex v2.0.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |M Aurélio               |2023-06-02 18:44:46Z |762        |           12|            4|          0|
## | 76388858|You can add text whereever you want. For example
## library(terra)
## p <- terra::vect(system.file("ex/lux.shp", package="terra"))
## r <- terra::rast(system.file("ex/elev.tif", package="terra"))
## 
## plot(r, mar=c(3,3,3,6))
## text(x=6.77, y=49.95, "Score", srt=-90, cex=2, xpd=NA, pos=4)
## lines(p)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |Robert Hijmans          |2023-06-02 12:21:50Z |39179      |           60|           52|          4|
## | 76388339|For some reason, your count column is a list.
## library(data.table)
## df <- structure(list(summary_type = c("0", "1", "2"), count = structure(list(
##   62234441L, 5119L, 821770L))), row.names = c(NA, -3L), class = c("data.table", "data.frame"))
## 
## df[count]
## #Error in `[.data.table`(df, count, ) : 
## #  count is not found in calling scope but it is a column of type list.  
## 
## Use unlist:
## df[order(unlist(count))]
## 
## #    summary_type    count
## # 1:            1     5119
## # 2:            2   821770
## # 3:            0 62234441                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |Maël                    |2023-06-02 08:21:58Z |42274      |           66|           27|          3|
## | 76388303|You could pass a named vector or list to the choices argument.
## From the docs (?selectInput):
## 
## If elements of the list are named, then that name — rather than the value — is displayed to the user.
## 
## library(tidyverse)
## library(shiny)
## 
## test_id <- c(1, 2, 3)
## test_title <- c("a", "b", "c")
## 
## test_df <- data.frame(test_id, test_title)
## choices <- setNames(test_df$test_id, test_df$test_title)
## 
## ui <- fluidPage(
##   selectInput("test", "test", choices = choices),
##   textOutput("selectedItem")
## )
## 
## server <- function(input, output, session) {
##   observeEvent(input$test, {
##     output$selectedItem <- renderText(input$test)
##   })
## }
## 
## shinyApp(ui, server)
## #> 
## #> Listening on http://127.0.0.1:5936                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |stefan                  |2023-06-02 08:17:05Z |84193      |           50|           25|          6|
## | 76388032|As @adroMine said, the best option is pivot_wider from tidyr package.I suggest that you install tidyverse. One solution to your problem is the next one:
## library(tidyverse)
## 
## # Assuming your original dataframe is named "dataframe1"
## # Let's say it looks like this:
## # dataframe1 <- data.frame(gene_name = c("gene1", "gene2", "gene3"),
## #                          mutation = c("mutation1", "mutation2", "mutation3"),
## #                          sample = c("sample1", "sample2", "sample3"))
## 
## # Pivot dataframe1 to convert it to dataframe2
## dataframe2 <- dataframe1 %>%
##   pivot_wider(names_from = sample, values_from = mutation, values_fill = 0) %>%
##   mutate(across(-gene_name, ~ifelse(. != 0, 1, 0)))
## 
## # If you want to rename the columns to match the desired structure
## colnames(dataframe2)[-1] <- paste0("sample ", colnames(dataframe2)[-1])
## 
## With this you should have your solution. If you can provide some data examples It will be easier to help you.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |Jorge A                 |2023-06-02 08:15:16Z |21         |            6|           23|          3|
## | 76388032|with(df, table(name, sample))
##        sample
## name    sample1 sample2 sample3
##   gene1       1       0       0
##   gene2       0       1       0
##   gene4       0       1       1
## 
## xtabs(~name+sample, df)
##        sample
## name    sample1 sample2 sample3
##   gene1       1       0       0
##   gene2       0       1       0
##   gene4       0       1       1
## 
## tidyr::pivot_wider(cbind(df, value=1), 
##       id_cols = name, names_from = sample, values_fill = 0)
## 
## # A tibble: 3 × 4
##   name  sample1 sample2 sample3
##   <chr>   <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>
## 1 gene1       1       0       0
## 2 gene2       0       1       0
## 3 gene4       0       1       1
## 
## mosaic::counts(~sample&#124;name, df)[-1]
## 
##    name n_sample1 n_sample2 n_sample3
## 1 gene1         1        NA        NA
## 2 gene2        NA         1        NA
## 3 gene4        NA         1         1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Onyambu                 |2023-06-02 19:35:31Z |64533      |           53|            0|          0|
## | 76387472|I suspect you already have a column named name or value before you run pivot_longer, which by default tries to create columns with those names. As noted here, the error message isn't necessarily clear that's the problem.
## Try grep("name", colnames(as)) and grep("value", colnames(as)) to find those columns.
## Either rename in your data frame or use pivot_longer( ... names_to = "a_new_name_col", values_to = "a_new_value_col")
## data.frame(a = 1:2, name = 3:4, value = 7:8) %>%
##   tidyr::pivot_longer(a)
## #Error in `vec_cbind()`:
## #! Names must be unique.
## #✖ These names are duplicated:
## #  * "name" at locations 1 and 3.
## #  * "value" at locations 2 and 4.
## #ℹ Use argument `names_repair` to specify repair strategy.
## #Run `rlang::last_trace()` to see where the error occurred.
## 
## data.frame(a = 1:2, name2 = 3:4, value2 = 7:8) %>%
##   tidyr::pivot_longer(a)
## ## A tibble: 2 × 4
## #  name2 value2 name  value
## #  <int>  <int> <chr> <int>
## #1     3      7 a         1
## #2     4      8 a         2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |Jon Spring              |2023-06-02 07:03:57Z |52995      |           52|           35|          4|
## | 76387441|The margins package only computes slopes, not predictions. Also, that package is not being actively maintained and developed anymore (perhaps only critical bug fixes).
## You can use the marginaleffects package instead, which is a newer package I developed as a more flexible successor to margins (note: conflict of interest).
## See this vignette for a syntax comparison with Stata: https://vincentarelbundock.github.io/marginaleffects/articles/alternative_software.html
## The code you need will probably look similar to this:
## library(nnet)
## library(marginaleffects)
## 
## m <- multinom(Species ~ Petal.Length + Petal.Width, data = iris, trace = FALSE)
## 
## avg_predictions(m, newdata = datagrid(Petal.Length = c(1, 4, 6)))
## # 
## #       Group Estimate Std. Error    z Pr(>&#124;z&#124;)    S  2.5 % 97.5 % Petal.Width Petal.Length
## #  setosa        0.333     0.0479 6.95  < 0.001 38.0 0.2389  0.427         1.2            1
## #  versicolor    0.382     0.1195 3.20  0.00139  9.5 0.1477  0.616         1.2            4
## #  virginica     0.285     0.1192 2.39  0.01672  5.9 0.0516  0.519         1.2            6
## # 
## # Columns: rowid, group, estimate, std.error, statistic, p.value, s.value, conf.low, conf.high, Species, Petal.Width, Petal.Length                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |Vincent                 |2023-06-02 12:09:11Z |15442      |           38|           36|          7|
## | 76387189|The "S.h" headers file is from the "S" language (the precursor to R); replacing "S.h" with "R.h" fixes the 'cant find S.h' error, but causes other issues. Clearly this package is not being maintained :(
## I've forked the repository and made a couple of changes to the source code (commits fe15cf9 and ab9fe5c). I successfully installed both the scalop and infercna packages via Bioconductor, but there are a lot of warnings when they compile. I used gcc to compile them, rather than Apple Clang, with these flags:
## cat ~/.R/Makevars
## LOC=/usr/local/gfortran
## CC=$(LOC)/bin/gcc -fopenmp
## CXX=$(LOC)/bin/g++ -fopenmp
## CXX11=$(LOC)/bin/g++ -fopenmp
## 
## CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -std=gnu99 -mtune=native -pipe
## CXXFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -std=c++11 -mtune=native -pipe
## LDFLAGS=-L$(LOC)/lib -Wl,-rpath,$(LOC)/lib,-L/usr/local/lib
## CPPFLAGS=-I$(LOC)/include -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -I/usr/local/include
## 
## FLIBS=-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin19/10.2.0 -L/usr/local/gfortran/lib -lgfortran -lquadmath -lm
## CXX1X=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
## CXX98=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
## CXX11=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
## CXX14=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
## CXX17=/usr/local/gfortran/bin/g++
## 
## If you have problems installing the scalop package from source using Apple Clang, and you have an intel processor, my instructions for compiling R packages from source are here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/65334247/12957340
## If you have an Apple silicon processor, you can try the instructions here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/68275558/12957340
## This is how I installed the packages:
## install.packages("BiocManager")
## library(BiocManager)
## BiocManager::install("Homo.sapiens")
## BiocManager::install("jpmam1/scalop") # my forked copy
## BiocManager::install("jlaffy/infercna")
## 
## The example from the vignette runs, but some of the functions no longer work as expected:
## library(infercna)
## #> 
## #> 
## #> Warning: replacing previous import 'AnnotationDbi::select' by 'dplyr::select'
## #> when loading 'scalop'
## #> 
## #> Attaching package: 'infercna'
## #> The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
## #> 
## #>     clip
## set.seed(1014)
## useGenome('hg19')
## #> Genome has been set to hg19
## retrieveGenome()
## #> Retrieving: hg19
## #> # A tibble: 33,575 × 8
## #>    symbol     start_position end_position chromosome_name arm   band   strand
## #>    <chr>               <dbl>        <dbl> <fct>           <fct> <chr>   <int>
## #>  1 DDX11L1             11869        14412 1               1p    p36.33      1
## #>  2 WASH7P              14363        29806 1               1p    p36.33     -1
## #>  3 MIR1302-11          29554        31109 1               1p    p36.33      1
## #>  4 FAM138A             34554        36081 1               1p    p36.33     -1
## #>  5 OR4G4P              52473        54936 1               1p    p36.33      1
## #>  6 OR4G11P             62948        63887 1               1p    p36.33      1
## #>  7 OR4F5               69091        70008 1               1p    p36.33      1
## #>  8 CICP27             131025       134836 1               1p    p36.33      1
## #>  9 RNU6-1100P         157784       157887 1               1p    p36.33     -1
## #> 10 CICP7              329431       332236 1               1p    p36.33     -1
## #> # ℹ 33,565 more rows
## #> # ℹ 1 more variable: ensembl_gene_id <chr>
## m = useData(mgh125)
## dim(m)
## #> [1] 8556 1266
## range(m)
## #> [1]  0.000 15.328
## lengths(refCells)
## #> oligodendrocytes      macrophages 
## #>              219              707
## 
## cna = infercna(m = m, refCells = refCells, n = 5000, noise = 0.1, isLog = TRUE, verbose = FALSE)
## cnaM = cna[, !colnames(cna) %in% unlist(refCells)]
## 
## cnaScatterPlot(cna = cna,
##                signal.threshold = NULL,
##                main = 'Default')
## 
## 
## 
## obj = cnaPlot(cna = cna,
##               order.cells = TRUE,
##               subtitle = 'Copy-Number Aberrations in a patient with Glioblastoma')
## #> Error in if (class(x) == "matrix") {: the condition has length > 1
## 
## Depending on your use-case, you'll probably need to make further changes to the source code to get your desired output. If you have further errors/questions please post them in the comments and I'll take a look at them when I have some time.
## sessionInfo()
## #> R version 4.3.0 (2023-04-21)
## #> Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin20 (64-bit)
## #> Running under: macOS Ventura 13.3.1
## #> 
## #> Matrix products: default
## #> BLAS:   /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib 
## #> LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;  LAPACK version 3.11.0
## #> 
## #> locale:
## #> [1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8
## #> 
## #> time zone: Australia/Melbourne
## #> tzcode source: internal
## #> 
## #> attached base packages:
## #> [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## #> 
## #> other attached packages:
## #> [1] infercna_1.0.0
## #> 
## #> loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## #>   [1] splines_4.3.0                          
## #>   [2] BiocIO_1.10.0                          
## #>   [3] bitops_1.0-7                           
## #>   [4] ggplotify_0.1.0                        
## #>   [5] filelock_1.0.2                         
## #>   [6] tibble_3.2.1                           
## #>   [7] R.oo_1.25.0                            
## #>   [8] polyclip_1.10-4                        
## #>   [9] graph_1.78.0                           
## #>  [10] reprex_2.0.2                           
## #>  [11] XML_3.99-0.14                          
## #>  [12] lifecycle_1.0.3                        
## #>  [13] rstatix_0.7.2                          
## #>  [14] edgeR_3.42.4                           
## #>  [15] Homo.sapiens_1.3.1                     
## #>  [16] lattice_0.21-8                         
## #>  [17] MASS_7.3-60                            
## #>  [18] OrganismDbi_1.42.0                     
## #>  [19] backports_1.4.1                        
## #>  [20] magrittr_2.0.3                         
## #>  [21] limma_3.56.1                           
## #>  [22] plotly_4.10.1                          
## #>  [23] rmarkdown_2.22                         
## #>  [24] yaml_2.3.7                             
## #>  [25] metapod_1.8.0                          
## #>  [26] cowplot_1.1.1                          
## #>  [27] DBI_1.1.3                              
## #>  [28] RColorBrewer_1.1-3                     
## #>  [29] abind_1.4-5                            
## #>  [30] zlibbioc_1.46.0                        
## #>  [31] Rtsne_0.16                             
## #>  [32] R.cache_0.16.0                         
## #>  [33] GenomicRanges_1.52.0                   
## #>  [34] purrr_1.0.1                            
## #>  [35] mixtools_2.0.0                         
## #>  [36] R.utils_2.12.2                         
## #>  [37] msigdbr_7.5.1                          
## #>  [38] ggraph_2.1.0                           
## #>  [39] BiocGenerics_0.46.0                    
## #>  [40] RCurl_1.98-1.12                        
## #>  [41] styler_1.10.0                          
## #>  [42] yulab.utils_0.0.6                      
## #>  [43] tweenr_2.0.2                           
## #>  [44] rappdirs_0.3.3                         
## #>  [45] GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.10                
## #>  [46] IRanges_2.34.0                         
## #>  [47] S4Vectors_0.38.1                       
## #>  [48] enrichplot_1.20.0                      
## #>  [49] ggrepel_0.9.3                          
## #>  [50] irlba_2.3.5.1                          
## #>  [51] tidytree_0.4.2                         
## #>  [52] dqrng_0.3.0                            
## #>  [53] DelayedMatrixStats_1.22.0              
## #>  [54] codetools_0.2-19                       
## #>  [55] DelayedArray_0.26.3                    
## #>  [56] scuttle_1.10.1                         
## #>  [57] DOSE_3.26.1                            
## #>  [58] xml2_1.3.4                             
## #>  [59] ggforce_0.4.1                          
## #>  [60] tidyselect_1.2.0                       
## #>  [61] aplot_0.1.10                           
## #>  [62] farver_2.1.1                           
## #>  [63] ScaledMatrix_1.8.1                     
## #>  [64] viridis_0.6.3                          
## #>  [65] matrixStats_0.63.0                     
## #>  [66] stats4_4.3.0                           
## #>  [67] BiocFileCache_2.8.0                    
## #>  [68] GenomicAlignments_1.36.0               
## #>  [69] jsonlite_1.8.4                         
## #>  [70] BiocNeighbors_1.18.0                   
## #>  [71] tidygraph_1.2.3                        
## #>  [72] survival_3.5-5                         
## #>  [73] segmented_1.6-4                        
## #>  [74] tools_4.3.0                            
## #>  [75] progress_1.2.2                         
## #>  [76] treeio_1.24.1                          
## #>  [77] TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene_3.2.2
## #>  [78] Rcpp_1.0.10                            
## #>  [79] glue_1.6.2                             
## #>  [80] gridExtra_2.3                          
## #>  [81] xfun_0.39                              
## #>  [82] qvalue_2.32.0                          
## #>  [83] MatrixGenerics_1.12.0                  
## #>  [84] GenomeInfoDb_1.36.0                    
## #>  [85] dplyr_1.1.2                            
## #>  [86] withr_2.5.0                            
## #>  [87] BiocManager_1.30.20                    
## #>  [88] fastmap_1.1.1                          
## #>  [89] bluster_1.10.0                         
## #>  [90] fansi_1.0.4                            
## #>  [91] rsvd_1.0.5                             
## #>  [92] caTools_1.18.2                         
## #>  [93] digest_0.6.31                          
## #>  [94] R6_2.5.1                               
## #>  [95] gridGraphics_0.5-1                     
## #>  [96] colorspace_2.1-0                       
## #>  [97] GO.db_3.17.0                           
## #>  [98] biomaRt_2.56.0                         
## #>  [99] RSQLite_2.3.1                          
## #> [100] R.methodsS3_1.8.2                      
## #> [101] utf8_1.2.3                             
## #> [102] tidyr_1.3.0                            
## #> [103] generics_0.1.3                         
## #> [104] data.table_1.14.8                      
## #> [105] rtracklayer_1.60.0                     
## #> [106] prettyunits_1.1.1                      
## #> [107] graphlayouts_1.0.0                     
## #> [108] httr_1.4.6                             
## #> [109] htmlwidgets_1.6.2                      
## #> [110] S4Arrays_1.0.4                         
## #> [111] scatterpie_0.2.0                       
## #> [112] pkgconfig_2.0.3                        
## #> [113] gtable_0.3.3                           
## #> [114] blob_1.2.4                             
## #> [115] SingleCellExperiment_1.22.0            
## #> [116] XVector_0.40.0                         
## #> [117] shadowtext_0.1.2                       
## #> [118] clusterProfiler_4.8.1                  
## #> [119] htmltools_0.5.5                        
## #> [120] carData_3.0-5                          
## #> [121] fgsea_1.26.0                           
## #> [122] scalop_1.1.0                           
## #> [123] RBGL_1.76.0                            
## #> [124] scales_1.2.1                           
## #> [125] Biobase_2.60.0                         
## #> [126] png_0.1-8                              
## #> [127] scran_1.28.1                           
## #> [128] ggfun_0.0.9                            
## #> [129] knitr_1.43                             
## #> [130] rstudioapi_0.14                        
## #> [131] reshape2_1.4.4                         
## #> [132] rjson_0.2.21                           
## #> [133] nlme_3.1-162                           
## #> [134] curl_5.0.0                             
## #> [135] org.Hs.eg.db_3.17.0                    
## #> [136] cachem_1.0.8                           
## #> [137] stringr_1.5.0                          
## #> [138] parallel_4.3.0                         
## #> [139] HDO.db_0.99.1                          
## #> [140] AnnotationDbi_1.62.1                   
## #> [141] restfulr_0.0.15                        
## #> [142] pillar_1.9.0                           
## #> [143] grid_4.3.0                             
## #> [144] vctrs_0.6.2                            
## #> [145] ggpubr_0.6.0                           
## #> [146] BiocSingular_1.16.0                    
## #> [147] car_3.1-2                              
## #> [148] beachmat_2.16.0                        
## #> [149] dbplyr_2.3.2                           
## #> [150] cluster_2.1.4                          
## #> [151] evaluate_0.21                          
## #> [152] zeallot_0.1.0                          
## #> [153] GenomicFeatures_1.52.0                 
## #> [154] locfit_1.5-9.7                         
## #> [155] cli_3.6.1                              
## #> [156] compiler_4.3.0                         
## #> [157] Rsamtools_2.16.0                       
## #> [158] rlang_1.1.1                            
## #> [159] crayon_1.5.2                           
## #> [160] ggsignif_0.6.4                         
## #> [161] plyr_1.8.8                             
## #> [162] fs_1.6.2                               
## #> [163] stringi_1.7.12                         
## #> [164] viridisLite_0.4.2                      
## #> [165] BiocParallel_1.34.2                    
## #> [166] babelgene_22.9                         
## #> [167] munsell_0.5.0                          
## #> [168] Biostrings_2.68.1                      
## #> [169] lazyeval_0.2.2                         
## #> [170] GOSemSim_2.26.0                        
## #> [171] Matrix_1.5-4.1                         
## #> [172] patchwork_1.1.2                        
## #> [173] hms_1.1.3                              
## #> [174] sparseMatrixStats_1.12.0               
## #> [175] bit64_4.0.5                            
## #> [176] ggplot2_3.4.2                          
## #> [177] statmod_1.5.0                          
## #> [178] KEGGREST_1.40.0                        
## #> [179] SummarizedExperiment_1.30.1            
## #> [180] kernlab_0.9-32                         
## #> [181] igraph_1.4.3                           
## #> [182] broom_1.0.4                            
## #> [183] memoise_2.0.1                          
## #> [184] ggtree_3.8.0                           
## #> [185] fastmatch_1.1-3                        
## #> [186] bit_4.0.5                              
## #> [187] downloader_0.4                         
## #> [188] gson_0.1.0                             
## #> [189] ape_5.7-1
## 
## Created on 2023-06-02 with reprex v2.0.2 |jared_mamrot            |2023-06-02 06:22:00Z |21404      |           43|           20|          4|
## | 76387189|All - because in jared's answer he notes installing GCC can take hours, I wanted to see if the changes he made, in conjunction with use of BiocManager for installation, would solve the problem.
## In fact, for me it does.
## Specifically, the procedure is:
## Install all other dependencies first, e.g. by running
## devtools::install_github("jlaffy/infercna")
## 
## after the dependencies install, the package will fail as indicated in the original post. Following this, run:
## install.packages("BiocManager") # if not installed
## library(BiocManager)
## BiocManager::install("Homo.sapiens")
## BiocManager::install("jpmam1/scalop") # Jared's awesome forked copy
## BiocManager::install("jlaffy/infercna")
## 
## For me, on R v4.3, MacOSX 11.7, intel chip, this returns:
## BiocManager::install("Homo.sapiens")
## 'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see 'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
## Replacement repositories:
##     CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
## Bioconductor version 3.17 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.3.0 (2023-04-21)
## Installing package(s) 'Homo.sapiens'
## also installing the dependencies ‘graph’, ‘RBGL’, ‘OrganismDbi’
## 
## trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.17/bioc/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/graph_1.78.0.tgz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 2086473 bytes (2.0 MB)
## ==================================================
## downloaded 2.0 MB
## 
## trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.17/bioc/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/RBGL_1.76.0.tgz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 3547879 bytes (3.4 MB)
## ==================================================
## downloaded 3.4 MB
## 
## trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.17/bioc/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/OrganismDbi_1.42.0.tgz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 796254 bytes (777 KB)
## ==================================================
## downloaded 777 KB
## 
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##     /var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T//Rtmp6rXv9T/downloaded_packages
## installing the source package ‘Homo.sapiens’
## 
## trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.17/data/annotation/src/contrib/Homo.sapiens_1.3.1.tar.gz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1617 bytes
## ==================================================
## downloaded 1617 bytes
## 
## * installing *source* package ‘Homo.sapiens’ ...
## ** using staged installation
## ** R
## ** data
## ** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
## ** help
## *** installing help indices
## ** building package indices
## ** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
## ** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
## ** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
## * DONE (Homo.sapiens)
## 
## The downloaded source packages are in
##     ‘/private/var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T/Rtmp6rXv9T/downloaded_packages’
## Old packages: 'matrixStats'
## Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: BiocManager::install("jpmam1/scalop")
## Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
## a
## trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/matrixStats_0.63.0.tgz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 653132 bytes (637 KB)
## ==================================================
## downloaded 637 KB
## 
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##     /var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T//Rtmp6rXv9T/downloaded_packages
## > BiocManager::install("jpmam1/scalop")
## 'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see 'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
## Replacement repositories:
##     CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
## Bioconductor version 3.17 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.3.0 (2023-04-21)
## Installing github package(s) 'jpmam1/scalop'
## Downloading GitHub repo jpmam1/scalop@HEAD
## These packages have more recent versions available.
## It is recommended to update all of them.
## Which would you like to update?
## 
## 1: All                                 
## 2: CRAN packages only                  
## 3: None                                
## 4: matrixStats (0.63.0 -> 1.0.0) [CRAN]
## 
## Enter one or more numbers, or an empty line to skip updates: 1
## matrixStats (0.63.0 -> 1.0.0) [CRAN]
## Installing 1 packages: matrixStats
## trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/matrixStats_0.63.0.tgz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 653132 bytes (637 KB)
## ==================================================
## downloaded 637 KB
## 
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##     /var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T//Rtmp6rXv9T/downloaded_packages
## ── R CMD build ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## ✔  checking for file ‘/private/var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T/Rtmp6rXv9T/remotes13284246ba83/jpmam1-scalop-ab9fe5c/DESCRIPTION’ ...
## ─  preparing ‘scalop’:
## ✔  checking DESCRIPTION meta-information ...
## ─  cleaning src
## ─  checking for LF line-endings in source and make files and shell scripts
## ─  checking for empty or unneeded directories
## ─  building ‘scalop_1.1.0.tar.gz’
##    
## * installing *source* package ‘scalop’ ...
## ** using staged installation
## ** libs
## using C compiler: ‘Apple clang version 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)’
## using SDK: ‘MacOSX10.15.sdk’
## clang -arch x86_64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG  -I'/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/Rcpp/include' -I/opt/R/x86_64/include    -fPIC  -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2  -c init.c -o init.o
## clang -arch x86_64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG  -I'/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/Rcpp/include' -I/opt/R/x86_64/include    -fPIC  -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2  -c nd.c -o nd.o
## clang -arch x86_64 -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG  -I'/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/Rcpp/include' -I/opt/R/x86_64/include    -fPIC  -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2  -c rowttests.c -o rowttests.o
## clang -arch x86_64 -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib -L/opt/R/x86_64/lib -o scalop.so init.o nd.o rowttests.o -F/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/.. -framework R -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation
## installing to /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/library/00LOCK-scalop/00new/scalop/libs
## ** R
## ** data
## *** moving datasets to lazyload DB
## ** inst
## ** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
## Warning: replacing previous import ‘AnnotationDbi::select’ by ‘dplyr::select’ when loading ‘scalop’
## ** help
## *** installing help indices
## ** building package indices
## ** installing vignettes
## ** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
## Warning: replacing previous import ‘AnnotationDbi::select’ by ‘dplyr::select’ when loading ‘scalop’
## ** checking absolute paths in shared objects and dynamic libraries
## ** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
## Warning: replacing previous import ‘AnnotationDbi::select’ by ‘dplyr::select’ when loading ‘scalop’
## ** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
## * DONE (scalop)
## Old packages: 'matrixStats'
## Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
## a
## trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/matrixStats_0.63.0.tgz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 653132 bytes (637 KB)
## ==================================================
## downloaded 637 KB
## 
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##     /var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T//Rtmp6rXv9T/downloaded_packages
## > BiocManager::install("jlaffy/infercna")
## 'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see 'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
## Replacement repositories:
##     CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
## Bioconductor version 3.17 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.3.0 (2023-04-21)
## Installing github package(s) 'jlaffy/infercna'
## Downloading GitHub repo jlaffy/infercna@HEAD
## ── R CMD build ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## ✔  checking for file ‘/private/var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T/Rtmp6rXv9T/remotes13287d6716f0/jlaffy-infercna-98a8db8/DESCRIPTION’ ...
## ─  preparing ‘infercna’:
## ✔  checking DESCRIPTION meta-information ...
## ─  checking for LF line-endings in source and make files and shell scripts
## ─  checking for empty or unneeded directories
##      NB: this package now depends on R (>= 3.5.0)
##      WARNING: Added dependency on R >= 3.5.0 because serialized objects in
##      serialize/load version 3 cannot be read in older versions of R.
##      File(s) containing such objects:
##        ‘infercna/data-raw/genes.rda’
## ─  building ‘infercna_1.0.0.tar.gz’
##    
## * installing *source* package ‘infercna’ ...
## ** using staged installation
## ** R
## ** data
## *** moving datasets to lazyload DB
## ** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
## Warning: replacing previous import ‘AnnotationDbi::select’ by ‘dplyr::select’ when loading ‘scalop’
## Note: ... may be used in an incorrect context 
## ** help
## *** installing help indices
## *** copying figures
## ** building package indices
## ** installing vignettes
## ** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
## Warning: replacing previous import ‘AnnotationDbi::select’ by ‘dplyr::select’ when loading ‘scalop’
## ** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
## Warning: replacing previous import ‘AnnotationDbi::select’ by ‘dplyr::select’ when loading ‘scalop’
## ** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
## * DONE (infercna)
## Old packages: 'matrixStats'
## Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
## a
## trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/matrixStats_0.63.0.tgz'
## Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 653132 bytes (637 KB)
## ==================================================
## downloaded 637 KB
## 
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##     /var/folders/hj/1wvjfb692c3gswybcg8xdcwm0000gn/T//Rtmp6rXv9T/downloaded_packages
## 
## This saves the user from needing to uninstall (or from having to install) important functionality contained in xcode / GCC.
## For completeness and context, here is my sessionInfo():
## sessionInfo()
## R version 4.3.0 (2023-04-21)
## Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin20 (64-bit)
## Running under: macOS Big Sur 11.7
## 
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS:   /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib 
## LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-x86_64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;  LAPACK version 3.11.0
## 
## Random number generation:
##  RNG:     Mersenne-Twister 
##  Normal:  Inversion 
##  Sample:  Rounding 
##  
## locale:
## [1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8
## 
## time zone: America/Detroit
## tzcode source: internal
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] SummarizedExperiment_1.30.1 gtable_0.3.3                ggplot2_3.4.2               htmlwidgets_1.6.2           remotes_2.4.2              
##  [6] ggrepel_0.9.3               processx_3.8.1              Biobase_2.60.0              lattice_0.21-8              callr_3.7.3                
## [11] vctrs_0.6.2                 tools_4.3.0                 ps_1.7.5                    bitops_1.0-7                generics_0.1.3             
## [16] stats4_4.3.0                curl_5.0.0                  tibble_3.2.1                fansi_1.0.4                 pkgconfig_2.0.3            
## [21] Matrix_1.5-4.1              data.table_1.14.8           desc_1.4.2                  S4Vectors_0.38.1            lifecycle_1.0.3            
## [26] GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.10     compiler_4.3.0              munsell_0.5.0               GenomeInfoDb_1.36.0         htmltools_0.5.5            
## [31] RCurl_1.98-1.12             lazyeval_0.2.2              plotly_4.10.1               pillar_1.9.0                crayon_1.5.2               
## [36] tidyr_1.3.0                 DelayedArray_0.26.3         tidyselect_1.2.0            locfit_1.5-9.7              digest_0.6.31              
## [41] dplyr_1.1.2                 purrr_1.0.1                 rprojroot_2.0.3             fastmap_1.1.1               grid_4.3.0                 
## [46] colorspace_2.1-0            cli_3.6.1                   magrittr_2.0.3              S4Arrays_1.0.4              pkgbuild_1.4.0             
## [51] utf8_1.2.3                  withr_2.5.0                 prettyunits_1.1.1           scales_1.2.1                XVector_0.40.0             
## [56] httr_1.4.6                  matrixStats_0.63.0          GenomicRanges_1.52.0        IRanges_2.34.0              viridisLite_0.4.2          
## [61] rlang_1.1.1                 Rcpp_1.0.10                 glue_1.6.2                  BiocManager_1.30.20         BiocGenerics_0.46.0        
## [66] rstudioapi_0.14             jsonlite_1.8.4              R6_2.5.1                    MatrixGenerics_1.12.0       zlibbioc_1.46.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |Vincent Laufer          |2023-06-02 12:57:59Z |705        |           26|           10|          0|
## | 76387096|First, Arima() does not fit the model given in your equation. It fits a regression with ARIMA errors like this:
## x_{t} = \alpha_{0} + \beta_{1}z_{t} + \eta_{t}
## 
## where
## \eta_t = \phi_{1}\eta_{t-1}+\varepsilon_{t}.
## 
## We can rearrange this to give
## x_{t} = (1-\phi_{1})\alpha_{0} + \phi_{1}x_{t-1} + \beta_{1}z_{t} - \beta_{1}\phi_{1}z_{t-1} + \varepsilon_{t}
## 
## This explains the major differences in the two results.
## But even if you specified exactly the same model, they would give slightly different results because Arima() uses the true likelihood whereas glm() will use a conditional likelihood because of the initial missing value due to the lag() function.
## See https://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/arimax/ for a discussion of the different model specifications.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |Rob Hyndman             |2023-06-03 07:26:18Z |30056      |           85|           72|          7|
## | 76386904|I think you were on the right track with pivot_longer. Applying it to your example data, we get this:
## library(tidyr)
## library(dplyr)
## 
## treedata01 %>% 
##   pivot_longer(starts_with("Species"), 
##                names_to = "Species")
## 
## # A tibble: 120 × 8
##    Date      Field   TreeNumber TreeType TreeAge Sample.Location Species  value
##    <chr>     <chr>        <int> <chr>    <chr>   <chr>           <chr>    <int>
##  1 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Top             SpeciesA    80
##  2 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Top             SpeciesB     7
##  3 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Top             SpeciesC    17
##  4 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Top             SpeciesD    19
##  5 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Middle          SpeciesA     1
##  6 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Middle          SpeciesB    16
##  7 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Middle          SpeciesC    23
##  8 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Middle          SpeciesD     5
##  9 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Bottom          SpeciesA    50
## 10 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 Oak      Old     Bottom          SpeciesB     6  
## # ℹ 110 more rows
## 
## Now, you say you want "average moths per tree", but perhaps you need to group on other variables too, such as Date or Field ? In any case, it's as simple as adding those variables to dplyr::group_by().
## So for example: average moths per tree by Date and Field, assuming that TreeNumber is a unique ID for a tree. In this code I omit rows with NA values:
## treedata01 %>% 
##   na.omit() %>% 
##   pivot_longer(starts_with("Species"),
##                names_to = "Species") %>% 
##   group_by(Date, Field, TreeNumber, Species) %>% 
##   summarise(meanVal = mean(value)) %>%
##   ungroup()
## 
## # A tibble: 8 × 5
##   Date      Field   TreeNumber Species  meanVal
##   <chr>     <chr>        <int> <chr>      <dbl>
## 1 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 SpeciesA   27   
## 2 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 SpeciesB    7.83
## 3 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 SpeciesC    8.5 
## 4 4/14/2023 Field 3          1 SpeciesD   21.8 
## 5 4/14/2023 Field 3          2 SpeciesA    0   
## 6 4/14/2023 Field 3          2 SpeciesB    0   
## 7 4/14/2023 Field 3          2 SpeciesC    0   
## 8 4/14/2023 Field 3          2 SpeciesD    0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |neilfws                 |2023-06-02 05:52:15Z |32150      |           63|           50|          5|
## | 76386843|Use dplyr::pick(), which lets you “pick” variables from the current dataframe environment, rather than  dat[c("vars")], which references the dat object before any transformations.
## library(dplyr)
## 
## dat %>%
##   rename(newX = x) %>%
##   mutate(z = rowSums(pick(newX, y) == 1))
## 
##   newX y z
## 1    0 0 0
## 2    1 0 1
## 3    0 0 0
## 4    0 1 1
## 5    1 1 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |zephryl                 |2023-06-02 02:57:05Z |14244      |           29|           11|          3|
## | 76386786|It work with text outside aes (that surprises me):
## p <-
##    ggplot(data = mtcars, aes(x = disp), text = glue::glue('{after_stat({count})}')) +
##    geom_histogram()
##  
## plotly::ggplotly(p)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Stéphane Laurent        |2023-06-02 04:36:20Z |72359      |          223|          115|         14|
## | 76386620|consider doing:
## apply(methyl_dat[-1], 1, \(x)fisher.test(matrix(x,2)), simplify = F)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |Onyambu                 |2023-06-02 01:43:50Z |64533      |           53|           23|          3|
## | 76386620|Adding a dplyr solution:
## library(dplyr, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
## data.frame(loci = c("site1", "site2", "site3", "site4"), 
##            Methy.tumor = c(50, 5, 60, 12), 
##            UnMethy.tumor = c(60, 0, 65, 5), 
##            Methy.Normal = c(13, 5, 22, 3),
##            UnMethy.Normal = c(86, 0, 35, 3) ) %>% 
##   group_by(loci) %>% 
##   summarise(
##     p_val = fisher.test(matrix(c_across(everything()), 2))$p.val
##   )
## #> # A tibble: 4 × 2
## #>   loci        p_val
## #>   <chr>       <dbl>
## #> 1 site1 0.000000392
## #> 2 site2 1          
## #> 3 site3 0.263      
## #> 4 site4 0.621
## 
## Created on 2023-06-01 with reprex v2.0.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |Baraliuh                |2023-06-02 02:13:39Z |1919       |           11|            5|          0|
## | 76386409|This works for me:
## library(MASS)
## library(gam)
## #> Loading required package: splines
## #> Loading required package: foreach
## #> Loaded gam 1.22-2
## names_Boston <- names(Boston[,1:3])
## f1 <- as.formula(paste0('medv ~', paste0('s(', names_Boston, ')', collapse = '+')))
## gam(f1, data = Boston)
## #> Call:
## #> gam(formula = f1, data = Boston)
## #> 
## #> Degrees of Freedom: 505 total; 493.0002 Residual
## #> Residual Deviance: 26249.62
## 
## Created on 2023-06-01 with reprex v2.0.2
## But column 4 cannot be smoothed due to:
## A smoothing variable encountered with 3 or less unique values; at least 4 needed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Baraliuh                |2023-06-02 00:31:40Z |1919       |           11|            5|          6|
## | 76386409|You may try
## names_Boston <- names(Boston[,1:3])
## f1 <- paste("medv ~", paste0(sprintf("s(%s)", names_Boston), collapse = " + "))
## 
## f1
## [1] "medv ~ s(crim) + s(zn) + s(indus)"
## 
## 
## gam(as.formula(f1), data = Boston)
## 
## Call:
## gam(formula = as.formula(f1), data = Boston)
## 
## Degrees of Freedom: 505 total; 493.0002 Residual
## Residual Deviance: 26249.62 
## 
## gam(medv ~ s(crim) + s(zn) + s(indus), data = Boston)
## 
## Call:
## gam(formula = medv ~ s(crim) + s(zn) + s(indus), data = Boston)
## 
## Degrees of Freedom: 505 total; 493.0002 Residual
## Residual Deviance: 26249.62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |Park                    |2023-06-02 00:26:53Z |14666      |           29|            9|          0|
## | 76386356|In R, there are many factors which can affect performance. In order for others to provide 'good' answers, it would be helpful if you could edit your question to include your current runtime, the sort of speed-up you expect, and a minimal reproducible example (alternatively, describe any differences between your actual data and my example below, e.g. how long is your target_codes vector, what are the dimensions of your dataframes, etc). Also, how many dataframes are you applying this to, and have you looked at other alternatives, e.g. data.table, or other languages, e.g. awk?
## Your code didn't run 'as is' on my example dataset, so I ran an altered version. I also tested PCRE regex (perl = TRUE in the grep) which can improve speed for reasons:
## library(tidyverse)
## 
## match_targets_dplyr <- function(df, target_codes){
##   pattern = paste0("^", target_codes, collapse = "&#124;")
##   df <- filter(df, if_any(everything(), ~grepl(pattern, .x)))
##   return(df)
## }
## 
## match_targets_dplyr_perl <- function(df, target_codes){
##   pattern = paste0("^", target_codes, collapse = "&#124;")
##   df <- filter(df, if_any(everything(), ~grepl(pattern, .x, perl = TRUE)))
##   return(df)
## }
## 
## match_targets_base <- function(df, target_codes){
##   pattern = paste0("^", target_codes, collapse = "&#124;")
##   df <- df[rowSums(apply(df, 2, \(x) grepl(pattern, x))) > 0, , drop = FALSE]
##   return(df)
## }
## 
## match_targets_base_perl <- function(df, target_codes){
##   pattern = paste0("^", target_codes, collapse = "&#124;")
##   df <- df[rowSums(apply(df, 2, \(x) grepl(pattern, x, perl = TRUE))) > 0, , drop = FALSE]
##   return(df)
## }
## 
## # grab some data
## df <- read_csv("https://raw.github.com/VladAluas/Text_Analysis/master/Datasets/Text_review.csv")
## #> Rows: 433 Columns: 3
## #> ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## #> Delimiter: ","
## #> chr (3): Model, Segment, Text
## #> 
## #> ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## #> ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
## df_large <- df
## 
## # the "Text" field has some non-standard characters; remove them
## df_large$Text <- iconv(df_large$Text, from = "UTF-8", to = "ASCII", sub = "")
## 
## # select some target codes
## target_codes = c("Perform", "Ca", "Net")
## 
## # check you get the same answer from all of the functions
## df2 <- match_targets_dplyr(df_large, target_codes)
## df3 <- match_targets_dplyr_perl(df_large, target_codes)
## df4 <- match_targets_base(df_large, target_codes)
## df5 <- match_targets_base_perl(df_large, target_codes)
## all.equal(df2, df3, df4, df5, check.attributes = FALSE)
## #> [1] TRUE
## 
## # increase the size of the data to ~28mil rows
## repeat{df_large <- df_large %>% bind_rows(df_large); if(NROW(df_large) > 2.8e7) {break}}
## 
## # benchmark the functions on the 28mil rows
## library(microbenchmark)
## res <- microbenchmark(match_targets_dplyr(df_large, target_codes),
##                       match_targets_dplyr_perl(df_large, target_codes),
##                       match_targets_base(df_large, target_codes),
##                       match_targets_base_perl(df_large, target_codes),
##                       times = 2)
## autoplot(res)
## 
## 
## Created on 2023-06-02 with reprex v2.0.2
## It's hard to see what's going on in the reprex image; here it is with the points highlighted:
## 
## TL,DR: dplyr is a bit faster, and PCRE was much faster using this example dataset.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |jared_mamrot            |2023-06-02 05:04:36Z |21404      |           43|           20|          4|
## | 76386347|Use which(sapply()) to get indices of numeric columns, then data.table::set() to transform:
## library(data.table)
## 
## logDT <- DT
## 
## for (j in which(sapply(logDT, is.numeric))) {
##   set(logDT, j = j, value = log(logDT[[j]], 2) + 1)
## }
## 
## logDT
## 
##    x        v1         v2
## 1: b  0.148809 -0.2669889
## 2: b       NaN  1.2980794
## 3: b  1.827952 -1.0789923
## 4: a -1.416422        NaN
## 5: a  1.192227  1.1442347
## 
## Example data:
## set.seed(13)
## 
## DT <- data.table(x = c("b","b","b","a","a"), v1 = rnorm(5), v2 = rnorm(5))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |zephryl                 |2023-06-02 02:12:34Z |14244      |           29|           11|          3|
## | 76386162|replace(df1, is.na(df1), df2[is.na(df1)])
## 
##    X1 X2  X3  X4  X5
## R1 80 98 150 599 650
## R2 90 95 254 725  NA
## R3 93 96 540 650  NA
## 
## library(tidyverse)
## map2_df(df1, df2, coalesce)
## 
## # A tibble: 3 × 5
##      X1    X2    X3    X4    X5
##   <int> <int> <int> <int> <int>
## 1    80    98   150   599   650
## 2    90    95   254   725    NA
## 3    93    96   540   650    NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Onyambu                 |2023-06-01 22:52:57Z |64533      |           53|           23|          3|
## | 76386162|Here is a dplyr solution:
## library(dplyr)
## 
## new_data_one %>%
##   mutate(across(everything(), ~ coalesce(., new_data_two[[cur_column()]])))
## 
##   X1 X2  X3  X4  X5
## R1 80 98 150 599 650
## R2 90 95 254 725  NA
## R3 93 96 540 650  NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |TarJae                  |2023-06-01 23:15:19Z |70408      |           62|           18|          6|
## | 76386104|There might be a cleaner option which I haven't found in the docs but one option to fix the order of the stack would be to manipulate the ggplot object returned by likert.bar.plot directly and reverse the order of the stack by setting the position for the geom_col layer aka layer no. 1 to position_stack(reverse = TRUE):
## library(likert)
## #> Loading required package: ggplot2
## #> Loading required package: xtable
## library(tidyverse)
## 
## n <- 3000
## 
## set.seed(123)
## 
## some_made_up_data <- data.frame(
##   Q1a = as.factor(sample(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), n, replace = TRUE, prob = c(.03, .07, .2, .4, .3))),
##   Q1b = as.factor(sample(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), n, replace = TRUE, prob = c(.02, .1, .2, .3, .3))),
##   Q1c = as.factor(sample(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), n, replace = TRUE, prob = c(.05, .2, .2, .4, .2))),
##   group = as.factor(sample(c("g1", "g2", "g3", "g4", "g5"), n, replace = TRUE))
## )
## 
## L3 <- likert(some_made_up_data[, 1, drop = FALSE], grouping = some_made_up_data$group) %>%
##   plot(
##     type = "bar",
##     centered = F
##   )
## 
## L3$layers[[1]]$position <- position_stack(reverse = TRUE)
## 
## L3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |stefan                  |2023-06-01 23:02:10Z |84193      |           50|           25|          6|
## | 76386043|just do:
## p_values <- apply(df[-1], 1, function(row) {
##      t_test_result <- t.test(row[1:5], row[6:12])
##      t_test_result$p.value
##  })
##  
## p_values
## [1] 0.1425172 0.6840726 0.3266262                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |Onyambu                 |2023-06-01 22:26:45Z |64533      |           53|           23|          3|
## | 76385903|This one-liner works:
## randomTable <- ogTable[, c(1:2, sample(3:ncol(ogTable), 50)), with = FALSE]
## 
## A reprex:
## library(data.table)
## set.seed(1)
## test <- data.table(iris)
## randomTable <- test[, c(1:2, sample(3:ncol(test), 2)), with = FALSE]
## 
## head(randomTable)
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width
## 1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2
## 2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2
## 3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2
## 4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2
## 5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2
## 6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |Leroy Tyrone            |2023-06-01 22:18:27Z |1206       |           23|           14|          6|
## | 76385903|Update after clarification:
## library(dplyr)
## set.seed(42)
## 
## # Select 3 columns from mtcars randomly keeping the first two constant
## selected_columns <- sample(colnames(mtcars)[-c(1, 2)], 3)
## 
## # Now combine the constant columns with the randomly select using `all_of()` function 
## mtcars %>%  
##   select(mpg, cyl, all_of(selected_columns))
## 
## first answer:
## sample_n from dplyr is used for sampling rows (e.g. observations). See ?sample_n: sample_n() and sample_frac() have been superseded in favour of slice_sample().
## We could do it this way to randomly select 50 columns:
## randomTable <- ogTable[, sample(ncol(ogTable), 50)]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |TarJae                  |2023-06-01 21:50:50Z |70408      |           62|           18|          0|
## | 76385735|I'm not sure how to make this happen with an "out-of-the-box" function, though I don't doubt that it's possible.  First, let's make the data then I'll explain the solution.
## library(dplyr)
## library(lubridate)
## df <- data.frame("date_index"=c("20230104", "20230104", "20230104", "20230106",  "20230106", "20230106"),
##                  "f_date"=c("20230201", "20230203", "20230210", "20230201", "20230203", "20230210"),
##                  "value" = c(1.50, 2.00, 3.25, 4.00, 3.00, 2.50))  %>% 
##   mutate(date_index=ymd(date_index), f_date=ymd(f_date))
## 
## I wrote a function that does an interpolation with a piecewise-linear regression model that is just identified - it has as many parameters as there are non-missing values of the value variable.  It then uses that model to generate predictions using the observed values of value as knots.
## interp_fun <- function(x,y){
##   pwl <- function(x, k)sapply(k, function(K)ifelse(x >= K, x-K, 0))
##   w <- which(!is.na(y))
##   if(length(w) > 2){
##     w <- w[-c(1, length(w))]
##     kts <- x[w]
##     mod <- lm(y ~ x + pwl(x, kts), na.action=na.exclude)
##     ifelse(is.na(y), predict(mod, newdata=data.frame(x=x)), y)
##   }else{
##     mod <- lm(y ~ x, na.action=na.exclude)
##     ifelse(is.na(y), predict(mod, newdata=data.frame(x=x)), y)
##   }
## }
## 
## With the interpolation function in hand, you can group the data by date_index, then generate a new sequence of dates from the minimum to the maximum of f_date and then merge that back into the original data. You can group by date_index and then apply the interpolation function to f_date and value.  The result appears as though it's the one you want.  This should work regardless of how many "interior" observed values you have between the observed endpoints.
## 
## df %>% 
##   group_by(date_index) %>% 
##   arrange(f_date, .by_group = TRUE) %>% 
##   reframe(f_date = seq(from = min(f_date), 
##                        to = max(f_date), 
##                        by = "1 day")) %>% 
##   left_join(df) %>%
##   group_by(date_index) %>% 
##   mutate(value = interp_fun(f_date, value))
## #> Joining with `by = join_by(date_index, f_date)`
## #> # A tibble: 20 × 3
## #> # Groups:   date_index [2]
## #>    date_index f_date     value
## #>    <date>     <date>     <dbl>
## #>  1 2023-01-04 2023-02-01  1.5 
## #>  2 2023-01-04 2023-02-02  1.75
## #>  3 2023-01-04 2023-02-03  2   
## #>  4 2023-01-04 2023-02-04  2.18
## #>  5 2023-01-04 2023-02-05  2.36
## #>  6 2023-01-04 2023-02-06  2.54
## #>  7 2023-01-04 2023-02-07  2.71
## #>  8 2023-01-04 2023-02-08  2.89
## #>  9 2023-01-04 2023-02-09  3.07
## #> 10 2023-01-04 2023-02-10  3.25
## #> 11 2023-01-06 2023-02-01  4   
## #> 12 2023-01-06 2023-02-02  3.50
## #> 13 2023-01-06 2023-02-03  3   
## #> 14 2023-01-06 2023-02-04  2.93
## #> 15 2023-01-06 2023-02-05  2.86
## #> 16 2023-01-06 2023-02-06  2.79
## #> 17 2023-01-06 2023-02-07  2.71
## #> 18 2023-01-06 2023-02-08  2.64
## #> 19 2023-01-06 2023-02-09  2.57
## #> 20 2023-01-06 2023-02-10  2.5
## 
## Created on 2023-06-01 with reprex v2.0.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |DaveArmstrong           |2023-06-01 22:35:33Z |17287      |           25|           11|         18|
## | 76385735|Here is a one liner using the tidyr::complete() function and the approx()
## library(dplyr)
## library(tidyr)
## library(lubridate)
## 
## df %>% group_by(date_index) %>% 
##    complete(f_date=full_seq(f_date, 1)) %>% 
##    mutate(value=approx(f_date[!is.na(.$value)], y=value[!is.na(.$value)], xout=f_date, method = "linear")$y)
## 
## # A tibble: 20 × 3
## # Groups:   date_index [2]
##   date_index f_date     value
##       <date>     <date>     <dbl>
## 1 2023-01-04 2023-02-01  1.5 
## 2 2023-01-04 2023-02-02  1.75
## 3 2023-01-04 2023-02-03  2   
## 4 2023-01-04 2023-02-04  2.18
## 5 2023-01-04 2023-02-05  2.36
## 6 2023-01-04 2023-02-06  2.54
## 7 2023-01-04 2023-02-07  2.71
## 8 2023-01-04 2023-02-08  2.89
## 9 2023-01-04 2023-02-09  3.07
## 10 2023-01-04 2023-02-10  3.25
## 11 2023-01-06 2023-02-01  4   
## 12 2023-01-06 2023-02-02  3.5 
## 13 2023-01-06 2023-02-03  3   
## 14 2023-01-06 2023-02-04  2.93
## 15 2023-01-06 2023-02-05  2.86
## 16 2023-01-06 2023-02-06  2.79
## 17 2023-01-06 2023-02-07  2.71
## 18 2023-01-06 2023-02-08  2.64
## 19 2023-01-06 2023-02-09  2.57
## 20 2023-01-06 2023-02-10  2.5 
## 
## The complete function is a handy to have and will fill-in the missing values in a given sequence, in this case in 1 day intervals.
## Once the missing dates are define, then simply use the approx function to interpolate for the NA values.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Dave2e                  |2023-06-01 23:02:51Z |21677      |           48|           41|          0|
## | 76385735|Here is my take on it using summarise and unnest:
## library(dplyr, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
## library(lubridate, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
## library(tidyr)
## interpolator <- function(x, y) {
##   date_first <- first(x)
##   date_last <- last(x)
##   interpolant <- approxfun(x = x, y = y)
##   date_seq <- seq.Date(ymd(date_first), ymd(date_last), by = 1)
##   tibble(
##     f_date = date_seq, value = interpolant(date_seq)
##   )
## }
## 
## df <- data.frame("date_index"=c("20230104", "20230104", "20230104", "20230106",  "20230106", "20230106"),
##                  "f_date"=c("20230201", "20230203", "20230210", "20230201", "20230203", "20230210"),
##                  "value" = c(1.50, 2.00, 3.25, 4.00, 3.00, 2.50))  %>% 
##   mutate(date_index=ymd(date_index), f_date=ymd(f_date))
## 
## df %>% 
##   group_by(date_index) %>% 
##   arrange(f_date) %>% 
##   summarise(
##     tmp = list(interpolator(f_date, value))
##   ) %>% 
##   unnest(tmp)
## #> # A tibble: 20 × 3
## #>    date_index f_date     value
## #>    <date>     <date>     <dbl>
## #>  1 2023-01-04 2023-02-01  1.5 
## #>  2 2023-01-04 2023-02-02  1.75
## #>  3 2023-01-04 2023-02-03  2   
## #>  4 2023-01-04 2023-02-04  2.18
## #>  5 2023-01-04 2023-02-05  2.36
## #>  6 2023-01-04 2023-02-06  2.54
## #>  7 2023-01-04 2023-02-07  2.71
## #>  8 2023-01-04 2023-02-08  2.89
## #>  9 2023-01-04 2023-02-09  3.07
## #> 10 2023-01-04 2023-02-10  3.25
## #> 11 2023-01-06 2023-02-01  4   
## #> 12 2023-01-06 2023-02-02  3.5 
## #> 13 2023-01-06 2023-02-03  3   
## #> 14 2023-01-06 2023-02-04  2.93
## #> 15 2023-01-06 2023-02-05  2.86
## #> 16 2023-01-06 2023-02-06  2.79
## #> 17 2023-01-06 2023-02-07  2.71
## #> 18 2023-01-06 2023-02-08  2.64
## #> 19 2023-01-06 2023-02-09  2.57
## #> 20 2023-01-06 2023-02-10  2.5
## 
## Created on 2023-06-01 with reprex v2.0.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |Baraliuh                |2023-06-01 22:47:29Z |1919       |           11|            5|          0|
## | 76385712|Here's an example of boxplots with daily data that is in POSIXct:
## set.seed(42)
## df <- data.frame(date = sample(lubridate::ymd_h(c(
##   2023040100, 2023050800, 2023051500, 2023051600)), 100, replace = TRUE),
##   mgL = rnorm(100, mean = 29))
## 
## The default spacing for boxplots on a continuous axis will find a resolution that fits the space.
## ggplot(df, aes(date, mgL, group = date)) +
##   geom_boxplot()
## 
## 
## If we specify width = 1, the boxes will be 1 unit wide, which in POSIXct is 1 second, resulting in boxes that are far too narrow.
## ggplot(df, aes(date, mgL, group = date)) +
##   geom_boxplot(width = 1)
## 
## 
## Here with 7-day spacing, the first two bars are one week wide, but the last two (which occur one day apart) are squeezed together with narrower bars.
## ggplot(df, aes(date, mgL, group = date)) +
##   geom_boxplot(width = 60*60*24*7)
## 
## 
## Or we could convert the x axis to Date, where one unit is a day. With width 1, the last two bars will be lined up with no space between them. Any wider and ggplot will squeeze the overlapping ones to avoid an overlap.
## ggplot(df, aes(as.Date(date), mgL, group = date)) +
##   geom_boxplot(width = 1)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |Jon Spring              |2023-06-01 23:09:56Z |52995      |           52|           35|          4|
## | 76385712|The issue is the datetime Class. Try the whole process by leaving date as character the width should work.
## this explanation is taken directly from @Jon Spring comments:
## "boxplot width 1 will make the boxes 1 unit wide. With POSIXct in the x axis, 1 unit is 1 second, which is far too narrow for this data. Try width = 60 * 60 * 24 * 5 to make them 5 days wide, for instance. Tricky b/c I see some are closer than that so you'll have overlaps"
## library(lubridate)
## library(dplyr)
## 
## df %>% 
##   mutate(date = ymd_hms(date)) %>% 
##   ggplot(aes(x = date, y = Chloride_mgL, group = date)) + 
##   geom_boxplot(width = 2, outlier.shape = NA, color = "dark blue") + 
##   theme_minimal() + 
##   labs(y ="Chloride (mg/L)")
## 
## 
## 
## library(dplyr)
## df %>% 
##   ggplot(aes(x = date, y = Chloride_mgL, group = date)) + 
##   geom_boxplot(width = 2, outlier.shape = NA, color = "dark blue") +
##   theme_minimal() +
##   labs(y = "Chloride (mg/L)")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |TarJae                  |2023-06-01 21:35:51Z |70408      |           62|           18|          6|
## |   255697|I've only come across both R and the Dirichlet distribution in passing, so I hope I'm not too much off the mark.
## 
## This mailing list message seems to answer your question:
## 
## 
##   Scrolling through the results of
##   RSiteSearch("dirichlet") suggests some useful tools
##   in the VGAM package.  The gtools package and
##   MCMC packages also have ddirichlet() functions
##   that you could use to construct a (negative log) likelihood
##   function and optimize with optim/nlmin/etc.
## 
## 
## The deal, DPpackage and mix packages also may or may not provide what you need.
## 
## Then again, these are all still CRAN packages, so I'm not sure if you already found these and found them unsuitable.
## 
## As for searching for R, the R project site itself already provides a few links on its search page.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |mercator                |2008-11-01 19:29:54Z |28190      |           72|           63|          8|
## |   127137|Why not look at www.r-project.org under documentation and read at least the introduction?  The language is sufficiently different from what you're used to that just looking at code samples won't be enough for you to pick it up. (At least, not beyond basic calculator-like functionality.)
## 
## If you want to look a bit deeper, you might want to look at CRAN: an online collection of R modules with source code: cran.r-project.org                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |zvrba                   |2008-09-24 13:33:48Z |24102      |           65|           54|          3|
## |   127137|I just found this question and thought I would add a few resources to it. I really like the Quick-R site: 
## 
## http://www.statmethods.net/
## 
## Muenchen has written a book about using R if you come from SAS or SPSS. Originally it was an 80 page online doc that Springer encouraged him to make a 400+ page book out of. The original short form as well as the book are here:
## 
## http://rforsasandspssusers.com/
## 
## You've probably already seen these, but worth listing:
## http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-intro.pdf
## http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Owen-TheRGuide.pdf
## http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Kuhnert+Venables-R_Course_Notes.zip
## 
## I don't want to sound like a trite RTFM guy, but the help files generally have great short snips of working code as examples. I'm no R pro so I end up having to deconstruct the examples to understand them. That process, while tedious, is really useful. 
## 
## Good luck! 
## 
## EDIT: well I hesitated to be self linking (it feels a bit masturbatory) but here's my own list of R resources with descriptions and comments on each: http://www.cerebralmastication.com/?page_id=62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |JD Long                 |2008-11-24 15:01:37Z |59385      |          293|          201|         57|
## |   127137|The Rosetta Code project shows R compared to other languages.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |Gregg Lind              |2008-09-26 19:51:12Z |20550      |           81|           66|         15|
## |   127137|How about CRAN?  You've got over a thousand packages of code to choose from.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |hadley                  |2008-09-25 11:45:38Z |101442     |          244|          183|         31|
## |   127137|The simplest way of seeing code, is to 
## 
## install R
## type "help.start()"  or look at online documentation, to get names of functions
## type the function name at the prompt
## This will print the source code right at the prompt, and illustrate all manner of odd and interesting syntax corners.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |Gregg Lind              |2008-09-25 13:14:20Z |20550      |           81|           66|         15|
## |   127137|The Learning R blog has a lot of good examples.  Lately, the author has been doing a visualization series, comparing Lattice and ggplot2.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |ars                     |2009-07-26 09:29:21Z |119591     |          134|          145|         23|
## |   127137|It is hard to google r, because of it being too short a name. Try http://rseek.org/, which provides an r-customized Google search instead. Search on examples, code in repositories, etc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |Chang Chung             |2009-02-22 04:49:50Z |2307       |           16|           17|          5|
## |   127137|Some simple examples can be found at Mathesaurus - if you know e.g. Python or Matlab, look at the respective comparison charts to find the R idioms that correspond to your familiar idioms in the other language.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |Jouni K. Seppänen       |2009-03-26 18:03:47Z |42879      |          100|           71|          3|
## |   127137|I use the R Graph Gallery. It has been a lot of help on graphing itself. Lots of good examples.
## 
## #R on Freenode has also been very useful.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |amoeba                  |2009-05-04 20:36:26Z |3940       |           14|           21|          5|
## |   127137|http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/ has a lot of graphics with example code. And you only need one package to create almost every graph you need.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |Thierry                 |2009-07-23 21:24:48Z |17999      |           66|           47|         56|
## |   127137|There is also the R Wiki which is slowly growing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Dirk Eddelbuettel       |2009-07-26 21:14:15Z |358804     |          722|          638|         16|
## |   127137|As you probably know, R and S are pretty similar (apart from the cost!).
## 
## I use to use both, and I highly recommend S Poetry.
## 
## I can also highly recommend the M.J. Crawley book, and the shorter Venables & Ripley one.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |Galwegian               |2008-09-24 13:37:30Z |41435      |          158|          111|          8|
## |   127137|here are links to the R project group on Linkedin. I put together this list of links and a lot of people have found it useful (some have  also made very useful additions)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |harshsinghal            |2010-02-18 18:44:50Z |3710       |           32|           35|         22|
## |   127137|Use Google Code Search with command "lang:r" and your keyword(s)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |waanders                |2010-08-05 16:52:40Z |8847       |          101|           70|         11|
## |   127137|Steve McIntyre at http://www.climateaudit.org/ is a big fan of R and often posts working code.
## 
## There is a scripts category, and the Statistics and R lists some other resources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |Will Dean               |2008-09-24 13:38:20Z |39029      |          118|           89|          0|
## |   103312|The readLines function will return a zero-length value when it reaches the EOF.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |Ben Hoffstein           |2008-09-19 16:20:30Z |101899     |          120|          104|          8|
## |   103312|Try checking the length of data returned by readBin:
## 
## while (length(a <- readBin(f, 'int', n=1)) > 0) {
##     # do something
## }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |ars                     |2009-07-30 07:09:28Z |119591     |          134|          145|         23|
## |   102056|http://rseek.org is a great search engine for R manuals, mailing lists, and various websites.  It's a Google syndicated search app with specialized UI.  I always use it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |Brendan OConnor         |2009-07-22 06:58:23Z |9564       |           25|           27|          3|
## |   102056|An update, several years later
## 
## All the links you need are right here:
## 
## https://stackoverflow.com/tags/r/info 
## 
## This was discussed on the R-Help mailing list recently.
## 
## Some things mentioned there that haven't been covered here are:
## 
## Using the RSiteSearch function, and the package of the same name.
## Using R-specific search engines.  You mentioned RSeek and RSearch.  You can also search the R mail archive, the help wiki, the task views, RForge, and Bioconductor among other places.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |Richie Cotton           |2009-07-09 12:18:03Z |117586     |          359|          245|         46|
## |   102056|Most of the time I find googling for R plus my searching term works fine.  When it doesn't, I'll try using "R project", or adding CRAN, statistic or language to the search.
## 
## Is there a particular topic that you're having problems searching for?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |hadley                  |2008-09-20 23:02:51Z |101442     |          244|          183|         31|
## |   102056|A new CRAN package is extremely helpful for this: check out the "sos" package.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |Shane                   |2009-09-12 18:02:34Z |98232      |          217|          223|         35|
## |   102056|I would just add, one great way to search for R script is to type your search term into google with "ext:r" at the end.  This will return all files that have the R extension.  For instance:
## 
## If you wanted some high performance computing examples, this returns Russ Lenth's "R code used in Netflix analyses" from Luke Tierney and Kate Cowles "High Performance Computing in Statistics" course.
## If you wanted examples of bootstrapping, this returns many scripts, most of which look very relevant.
## I usually do my basic R searches with "r-project" at the beginning, since most people who refer to R in any great detail will usually also reference the site.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |Shane                   |2009-10-16 13:25:10Z |98232      |          217|          223|         35|
## |   102056|Joining this discussion very late, but here is my preferred search string in Google: [R] followed by search string.
## 
## For example:
## 
## [R] lm  finds several links to linear modelling in R
## 
## The reason this works is that StackOverflow uses the [r] tag, and the R mailing lists also use [R].                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |Andrie                  |2011-04-21 14:17:33Z |175506     |          494|          446|         47|
## |   102056|CRAN is the authoritative place to look for R material.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |lindelof                |2008-09-19 14:14:03Z |34324      |          139|           98|         31|
## |   102056|Search for "S-PLUS" instead.  R and S-PLUS are siblings, but the latter is easier to search for.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |John D. Cook            |2008-10-18 19:56:51Z |29493      |           93|           67|         10|
## |   102056|I typically use r-seek.org, but you can "search exactly as is" with Google by putting a + immediately before R.
## 
## 
##   By attaching a + immediately before a
##   word (remember, don't add a space
##   after the +), you are telling Google
##   to match that word precisely as you
##   typed it. Putting double quotes around
##   a single word will do the same thing.
## 
## 
## For example: +R cbind                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |Joshua Ulrich           |2011-04-21 15:36:52Z |172592     |          416|          336|         32|
## |   102056|google for "r language" (with the quotes) and then your search terms.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |tzot                    |2008-09-19 14:11:48Z |91983      |          203|          140|         29|
## |   102056|Typing .R into Google search box instead of just R helps.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |user185072              |2009-10-06 15:37:38Z |0          |           77|           56|         14|
## |   102056|Similar to @MikeKSmith's answer, type R+ into the search box                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |Stedy                   |2010-04-29 01:08:44Z |7319       |          130|          104|         21|
## |   102056|To find questions/answers on Stack Overflow, I always; go to Tags, type R, find the R tag and click on it.  
## 
## Jeff mentioned a better way to search for the R 
## Tag on the podcast, but I've since deleted it.  :-(
## 
## Discussion aside, Stack Overflow (or one of the sister sites) would be a great resource for R users.  The very high volume R-help email list could be reduced by sending Noobies like myself to specific places here.  One confounding issue is that while the questions are mostly about the R language, they are often about the proper statistical test or algorithm for the problem.  
## 
## RWFarley                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |user149173              |2009-08-10 20:32:15Z |31         |          174|          122|         22|
## |   102056|You can use this site:
## 
## http://www.dangoldstein.com/search_r.html,
##   "Search the R Statistical Language".
## 
## Has "R Multi-site search powered by Google" and "R Multi-
## site search powered by Rollyo".
## 
## Note that it requires JavaScript to work (can be restricted 
## to www.dangoldstein.com and google.com if your browser setup 
## allows it - e.g. using NoScript in Firefox).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |Peter Mortensen         |2009-08-21 01:02:57Z |31021      |           49|           44|         13|
## |   102056|GitHub's advanced search with a language constraint can be useful. Try this: language:R lubridate for example.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |David J.                |2012-06-21 22:09:22Z |31310      |           53|           32|          9|
## |   102056|You could always search for "R stats", considering R is a statistical program. 
## 
## Edit:
## http://www.google.com/search?source=ig&hl=en&rlz=&q=R+stats&btnG=Google+Search
## 
## The first page shows plenty of relevant results.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |echoblaze               |2008-09-19 14:05:20Z |11116      |          324|          236|         92|
## |   102056|Adding "site:r-project.org" will help narrow down the results to only things on the official project web site.  YMMV.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |David Locke             |2008-09-19 15:07:01Z |17836      |           33|           27|          3|
## |   102056|How about "R statistical" or "R package"?
## 
## Also, restrict your search to the domain cran.r-project.org. For example, searching for how to use ifelse in R:
## 
## ifelse site:cran.r-project.org                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |Frank                   |2009-07-08 13:22:01Z |63722      |            2|          234|         48|
## |   102056|for your original question, i.e. how to search in google: one of my previous colleagues suggested to use keyword "r-help" instead of "r" together with your question when searching in google. It searches in the mailing list for answers. That always works for me.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |HongboZhu               |2010-05-18 09:02:23Z |4422       |          371|            0|          0|
## |   102056|When googling, "in R" works well instead of just "R".                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |Ophedia                 |2010-08-25 17:47:26Z |33         |            0|            0|          0|
## |   102056|Just type what you want to do, e.g. "R merge data frame" in google that works great! I don't read any materials, just use google as I type R code. It's just great!!!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |Tomas                   |2011-07-23 09:22:31Z |57264      |            0|            0|          0|
## |    95007|You're understandably confused.  That documentation is terrible.  I had to go back to the paper its based on (Hyndman, R.J.; Fan, Y. (November 1996). "Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages". American Statistician 50 (4): 361–365. doi:10.2307/2684934) to get an understanding.  Let's start with the first problem.
## 
## where 1 <= i <= 9, (j-m)/n <= p <  (j-m+1)/ n, x[j] is the jth order statistic, n is the sample size, and m is a constant determined by the sample quantile type. Here gamma depends on the fractional part of g = np+m-j.
## 
## The first part comes straight from the paper, but what the documentation writers omitted was that j = int(pn+m).  This means Q[i](p) only depends on the two order statistics closest to being p fraction of the way through the (sorted) observations.  (For those, like me, who are unfamiliar with the term, the "order statistics" of a series of observations is the sorted series.)
## Also, that last sentence is just wrong.  It should read
## 
## Here gamma depends on the fractional part of np+m, g = np+m-j
## 
## As for m that's straightforward.  m depends on which of the 9 algorithms was chosen.  So just like Q[i] is the quantile function, m should be considered m[i].  For algorithms 1 and 2, m is 0, for 3, m is -1/2, and for the others, that's in the next part.
## 
## For the continuous sample quantile types (4 through 9), the sample quantiles can be obtained by linear interpolation between the kth order statistic and p(k):
## p(k) = (k - alpha) / (n - alpha - beta + 1), where α and β are constants determined by the type. Further, m = alpha + p(1 - alpha - beta), and gamma = g.
## 
## This is really confusing.  What the documentation calls p(k) is not the same as the p from before.  p(k) is the plotting position.  In the paper, the authors write it as pk, which helps.  Especially since in the expression for m, the p is the original p, and the m = alpha + p * (1 - alpha - beta).  Conceptually, for algorithms 4-9, the points (pk, x[k]) are interpolated to get the solution (p, Q[i](p)).  Each algorithm only differs in the algorithm for the pk.
## As for the last bit, R is just stating what S uses.
## The original paper gives a list of 6 "desirable properties for a sample quantile" function, and states a preference for #8 which satisfies all by 1.  #5 satisfies all of them, but they don't like it on other grounds (it's more phenomenological than derived from principles).  #2 is what non-stat geeks like myself would consider the quantiles and is what's described in wikipedia.
## BTW, in response to dreeves answer, Mathematica does things significantly differently.  I think I understand the mapping.  While Mathematica's is easier to understand, (a) it's easier to shoot yourself in the foot with nonsensical parameters, and (b) it can't do R's algorithm #2.  (Here's Mathworld's Quantile page, which states Mathematica can't do #2, but gives a simpler generalization of all the other algorithms in terms of four parameters.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |AFoglia                 |2009-09-22 23:58:43Z |7950       |           50|           35|          3|
## |    95007|There are various ways of computing quantiles when you give it a vector, and don't have a known CDF. 
## 
## Consider the question of what to do when your observations don't fall on quantiles exactly. 
## 
## The "types" are just determining how to do that. So, the methods say, "use a linear interpolation between the k-th order statistic and p(k)".
## 
## So, what's p(k)? One guy says, "well, I like to use k/n". Another guy says, "I like to use (k-1)/(n-1)" etc.  Each of these methods have different properties that are better suited for one problem or another. 
## 
## The \alpha's and \beta's are just ways to parameterize the functions p. In one case, they're 1 and 1. In another case, they're 3/8 and -1/4. I don't think the p's are ever a constant in the documentation. They just don't always show the dependency explicitly. 
## 
## See what happens with the different types when you put in vectors like 1:5 and 1:6. 
## 
## (also note that even if your observations fall exactly on the quantiles, certain types will still use linear interpolation).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |Baltimark               |2008-09-18 18:49:09Z |9012       |           35|           36|         12|
## |    95007|I believe the R help documentation is clear after the revisions noted in @RobHyndman's comment, but I found it a bit overwhelming. I am posting this answer in case it helps someone move quickly through the options and their assumptions. 
## 
## To get a grip on quantile(x, probs=probs), I wanted to check out the source code. This too was trickier than I anticipated in R so I actually just grabbed it from a github repo that looked recent enough to run with. I was interested in the default (type 7) behavior, so I annotated that some, but didn't do the same for each option.
## 
## You can see how the "type 7" method interpolates, step by step, both in the code and also I added a few lines to print some important values as it goes.
## 
## quantile.default <-function(x, probs = seq(0, 1, 0.25), na.rm = FALSE, names = TRUE
##          , type = 7, ...){
##     if(is.factor(x)) { #worry about non-numeric data
##         if(!is.ordered(x) &#124;&#124; ! type %in% c(1L, 3L))
##             stop("factors are not allowed")
##         lx <- levels(x)
##     } else lx <- NULL
##     if (na.rm){
##         x <- x[!is.na(x)]
##     } else if (anyNA(x)){
##         stop("missing values and NaN's not allowed if 'na.rm' is FALSE")
##         }
##     eps <- 100*.Machine$double.eps #this is to deal with rounding things sensibly
##     if (any((p.ok <- !is.na(probs)) & (probs < -eps &#124; probs > 1+eps)))
##         stop("'probs' outside [0,1]")
## 
##     #####################################
##     # here is where terms really used in default type==7 situation get defined
## 
##     n <- length(x) #how many observations are in sample?
## 
##     if(na.p <- any(!p.ok)) { # set aside NA & NaN
##         o.pr <- probs
##         probs <- probs[p.ok]
##         probs <- pmax(0, pmin(1, probs)) # allow for slight overshoot
##     }
## 
##     np <- length(probs) #how many quantiles are you computing?
## 
##     if (n > 0 && np > 0) { #have positive observations and # quantiles to compute
##         if(type == 7) { # be completely back-compatible
## 
##             index <- 1 + (n - 1) * probs #this gives the order statistic of the quantiles
##             lo <- floor(index)  #this is the observed order statistic just below each quantile
##             hi <- ceiling(index) #above
##             x <- sort(x, partial = unique(c(lo, hi))) #the partial thing is to reduce time to sort, 
##             #and it only guarantees that sorting is "right" at these order statistics, important for large vectors 
##             #ties are not broken and tied elements just stay in their original order
##             qs <- x[lo] #the values associated with the "floor" order statistics
##             i <- which(index > lo) #which of the order statistics for the quantiles do not land on an order statistic for an observed value
## 
##             #this is the difference between the order statistic and the available ranks, i think
##             h <- (index - lo)[i] # > 0  by construction 
##             ##      qs[i] <- qs[i] + .minus(x[hi[i]], x[lo[i]]) * (index[i] - lo[i])
##             ##      qs[i] <- ifelse(h == 0, qs[i], (1 - h) * qs[i] + h * x[hi[i]])
##             qs[i] <- (1 - h) * qs[i] + h * x[hi[i]] # This is the interpolation step: assemble the estimated quantile by removing h*low and adding back in h*high. 
##             # h is the arithmetic difference between the desired order statistic amd the available ranks
##             #interpolation only occurs if the desired order statistic is not observed, e.g. .5 quantile is the actual observed median if n is odd. 
##             # This means having a more extreme 99th observation doesn't matter when computing the .75 quantile
## 
## 
##             ###################################
##             # print all of these things
## 
##             cat("floor pos=", c(lo))
##             cat("\nceiling pos=", c(hi))
##             cat("\nfloor values= ", c(x[lo]))
##             cat( "\nwhich floors not targets? ", c(i))
##             cat("\ninterpolate between ", c(x[lo[i]]), ";", c(x[hi[i]]))
##             cat( "\nadjustment values= ", c(h))
##             cat("\nquantile estimates:")
## 
##     }else if (type <= 3){## Types 1, 2 and 3 are discontinuous sample qs.
##                 nppm <- if (type == 3){ n * probs - .5 # n * probs + m; m = -0.5
##                 } else {n * probs} # m = 0
## 
##                 j <- floor(nppm)
##                 h <- switch(type,
##                             (nppm > j),     # type 1
##                             ((nppm > j) + 1)/2, # type 2
##                             (nppm != j) &#124; ((j %% 2L) == 1L)) # type 3
## 
##                 } else{
##                 ## Types 4 through 9 are continuous sample qs.
##                 switch(type - 3,
##                        {a <- 0; b <- 1},    # type 4
##                        a <- b <- 0.5,   # type 5
##                        a <- b <- 0,     # type 6
##                        a <- b <- 1,     # type 7 (unused here)
##                        a <- b <- 1 / 3, # type 8
##                        a <- b <- 3 / 8) # type 9
##                 ## need to watch for rounding errors here
##                 fuzz <- 4 * .Machine$double.eps
##                 nppm <- a + probs * (n + 1 - a - b) # n*probs + m
##                 j <- floor(nppm + fuzz) # m = a + probs*(1 - a - b)
##                 h <- nppm - j
## 
##                 if(any(sml <- abs(h) < fuzz)) h[sml] <- 0
## 
##             x <- sort(x, partial =
##                           unique(c(1, j[j>0L & j<=n], (j+1)[j>0L & j<n], n))
##             )
##             x <- c(x[1L], x[1L], x, x[n], x[n])
##             ## h can be zero or one (types 1 to 3), and infinities matter
##             ####        qs <- (1 - h) * x[j + 2] + h * x[j + 3]
##             ## also h*x might be invalid ... e.g. Dates and ordered factors
##             qs <- x[j+2L]
##             qs[h == 1] <- x[j+3L][h == 1]
##             other <- (0 < h) & (h < 1)
##             if(any(other)) qs[other] <- ((1-h)*x[j+2L] + h*x[j+3L])[other]
## 
##             } 
##     } else {
##         qs <- rep(NA_real_, np)}
## 
##     if(is.character(lx)){
##         qs <- factor(qs, levels = seq_along(lx), labels = lx, ordered = TRUE)}
##     if(names && np > 0L) {
##         names(qs) <- format_perc(probs)
##     }
##     if(na.p) { # do this more elegantly (?!)
##         o.pr[p.ok] <- qs
##         names(o.pr) <- rep("", length(o.pr)) # suppress <NA> names
##         names(o.pr)[p.ok] <- names(qs)
##         o.pr
##     } else qs
## }
## 
## ####################
## 
## # fake data
## x<-c(1,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,6,6,7,99)
## y<-c(1,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,6,6,7,9)
## z<-c(1,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,6,6,7)
## 
## #quantiles "of interest"
## probs<-c(0.5, 0.75, 0.95, 0.975)
## 
## # a tiny bit of illustrative behavior
## quantile.default(x,probs=probs, names=F)
## quantile.default(y,probs=probs, names=F) #only difference is .975 quantile since that is driven by highest 2 observations
## quantile.default(z,probs=probs, names=F) # This shifts everything b/c now none of the quantiles fall on an observation (and of course the distribution changed...)... but 
## #.75 quantile is stil 5.0 b/c the observations just above and below the order statistic for that quantile are still 5. However, it got there for a different reason.
## 
## #how does rescaling affect quantile estimates?
## sqrt(quantile.default(x^2, probs=probs, names=F))
## exp(quantile.default(log(x), probs=probs, names=F))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |Michael Roswell         |2019-11-07 18:15:19Z |1302       |           30|           11|          0|
## |    79709|use variables in the outer function instead of global variables. This gets you the best of both approaches: you're not mutating global state, and you're not copying a big wad of data. If you have to exit early, just return the partial results.
## 
## (See the "Scope" section in the R manual: http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-intro.html#Scope)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |Allen                   |2008-09-17 03:48:29Z |5024       |           30|           22|          6|
## |    79709|Remember your Knuth.  "Premature optimization is the root of all programming evil."
## 
## Try the side effect free version.  See if it meets your performance goals.  If it does, great, you don't have a problem in the first place; if it doesn't, then use the side effects, and make a note for the next programmer that your hand was forced.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |Rob Hansen              |2008-09-17 04:11:08Z |119        |            9|           19|          5|
## |    79709|It's not going to make much difference to memory use, so you might as well make the code clean.
## 
## Since R has copy-on-modify for variables, modifying the global object will have the same memory implications as passing something up in return values.
## 
## If you store the outputs in a database (or even in a file) you won't have the memory use issues, and the data will be incrementally available as it is created, rather than just at the end.  Whether it's faster with the database depends primarily on how much memory you are using: is the reduction is garbage collection going to pay for the cost of writing to disk.
## 
## There are both time and memory profilers in R, so you can see empirically what the impacts are.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |Thomas                  |2008-09-17 03:51:30Z |0          |           60|           48|          0|
## |    79709|FYI, here's a full sample toy solution that avoids side effects:
## 
## outerfunc <- function(names) {
##   templist <- list()
##   for (aname in names) {
##     templist[[aname]] <- innerfunc(aname)
##   }
##   templist
## }
## 
## innerfunc <- function(aname) {
##   retval <- NULL
##   if ("one" %in% aname) retval <- c(1)
##   if ("two" %in% aname) retval <- c(1,2)
##   if ("three" %in% aname) retval <- c(1,2,3)
##   retval
## }
## 
## names <- c("one","two","three")
## 
## name_vals <- outerfunc(names)
## 
## for (name in names) assign(name, name_vals[[name]])                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |James Lavin             |2008-09-17 19:39:37Z |0          |           39|           25|          0|
## |    79709|I'm not sure I understand the question, but I have a couple of solutions.
## 
## Inside the function, create a list of the vectors and return that.
## Inside the function, create an environment and store all the vectors inside of that.  Just make sure that you return the environment in case of errors.
## in R:
## 
## help(environment)
## 
## # You might do something like this:
## 
## outer <- function(datasets) {
##   # create the return environment
##   ret.env <- new.env()
##   for(set in dataset) {
##     tmp <- inner(set)
##     # check for errors however you like here.  You might have inner return a list, and
##     # have the list contain an error component
##     assign(set, tmp, envir=ret.env)
##   }
##   return(ret.env)
## }
## 
## #The inner function might be defined like this
## 
## inner <- function(dataset) {
##   # I don't know what you are doing here, but lets pretend you are reading a data file
##   # that is named by dataset
##   filedata <- read.table(dataset, header=T)
##   return(filedata)
## }
## 
## 
## leif                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |leif                    |2008-09-17 03:58:26Z |2983       |            0|            0|          0|
## |    79709|Third approach: inner function returns a reference to the large array, which the next statement inside the loop then dereferences and stores wherever it's needed (ideally with a single pointer store and not by having to memcopy the entire array).
## 
## This gets rid of both the side effect and the passing of large datastructures.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |pjz                     |2008-09-17 03:49:36Z |41551      |            0|            0|          0|
## |    79709|It's tough to say definitively without knowing the language/compiler used.  However, if you can simply pass a pointer/reference to the object that you're creating, then the size of the object itself has nothing to do with the speed of the function calls.  Manipulating this data down the road could be a different story.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |Jeffrey                 |2008-09-17 03:43:22Z |1827       |            0|            0|          0|
## |    77434|I use the tail function:
## 
## tail(vector, n=1)
## 
## 
## The nice thing with tail is that it works on dataframes too, unlike the x[length(x)] idiom.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |lindelof                |2008-09-17 13:32:45Z |34324      |          139|           98|         31|
## |    77434|To answer this not from an aesthetical but performance-oriented point of view, I've put all of the above suggestions through a benchmark. To be precise, I've considered the suggestions
## 
## x[length(x)]
## mylast(x), where mylast is a C++ function implemented through Rcpp,
## tail(x, n=1)
## dplyr::last(x)
## x[end(x)[1]]]
## rev(x)[1]
## and applied them to random vectors of various sizes (10^3, 10^4, 10^5, 10^6, and 10^7). Before we look at the numbers, I think it should be clear that anything that becomes noticeably slower with greater input size (i.e., anything that is not O(1)) is not an option. Here's the code that I used:
## 
## Rcpp::cppFunction('double mylast(NumericVector x) { int n = x.size(); return x[n-1]; }')
## options(width=100)
## for (n in c(1e3,1e4,1e5,1e6,1e7)) {
##   x <- runif(n);
##   print(microbenchmark::microbenchmark(x[length(x)],
##                                        mylast(x),
##                                        tail(x, n=1),
##                                        dplyr::last(x),
##                                        x[end(x)[1]],
##                                        rev(x)[1]))}
## 
## 
## It gives me
## 
## Unit: nanoseconds
##            expr   min      lq     mean  median      uq   max neval
##    x[length(x)]   171   291.5   388.91   337.5   390.0  3233   100
##       mylast(x)  1291  1832.0  2329.11  2063.0  2276.0 19053   100
##  tail(x, n = 1)  7718  9589.5 11236.27 10683.0 12149.0 32711   100
##  dplyr::last(x) 16341 19049.5 22080.23 21673.0 23485.5 70047   100
##    x[end(x)[1]]  7688 10434.0 13288.05 11889.5 13166.5 78536   100
##       rev(x)[1]  7829  8951.5 10995.59  9883.0 10890.0 45763   100
## Unit: nanoseconds
##            expr   min      lq     mean  median      uq    max neval
##    x[length(x)]   204   323.0   475.76   386.5   459.5   6029   100
##       mylast(x)  1469  2102.5  2708.50  2462.0  2995.0   9723   100
##  tail(x, n = 1)  7671  9504.5 12470.82 10986.5 12748.0  62320   100
##  dplyr::last(x) 15703 19933.5 26352.66 22469.5 25356.5 126314   100
##    x[end(x)[1]] 13766 18800.5 27137.17 21677.5 26207.5  95982   100
##       rev(x)[1] 52785 58624.0 78640.93 60213.0 72778.0 851113   100
## Unit: nanoseconds
##            expr     min        lq       mean    median        uq     max neval
##    x[length(x)]     214     346.0     583.40     529.5     720.0    1512   100
##       mylast(x)    1393    2126.0    4872.60    4905.5    7338.0    9806   100
##  tail(x, n = 1)    8343   10384.0   19558.05   18121.0   25417.0   69608   100
##  dplyr::last(x)   16065   22960.0   36671.13   37212.0   48071.5   75946   100
##    x[end(x)[1]]  360176  404965.5  432528.84  424798.0  450996.0  710501   100
##       rev(x)[1] 1060547 1140149.0 1189297.38 1180997.5 1225849.0 1383479   100
## Unit: nanoseconds
##            expr     min        lq        mean    median         uq      max neval
##    x[length(x)]     327     584.0     1150.75     996.5     1652.5     3974   100
##       mylast(x)    2060    3128.5     7541.51    8899.0     9958.0    16175   100
##  tail(x, n = 1)   10484   16936.0    30250.11   34030.0    39355.0    52689   100
##  dplyr::last(x)   19133   47444.5    55280.09   61205.5    66312.5   105851   100
##    x[end(x)[1]] 1110956 2298408.0  3670360.45 2334753.0  4475915.0 19235341   100
##       rev(x)[1] 6536063 7969103.0 11004418.46 9973664.5 12340089.5 28447454   100
## Unit: nanoseconds
##            expr      min         lq         mean      median          uq       max neval
##    x[length(x)]      327      722.0      1644.16      1133.5      2055.5     13724   100
##       mylast(x)     1962     3727.5      9578.21      9951.5     12887.5     41773   100
##  tail(x, n = 1)     9829    21038.0     36623.67     43710.0     48883.0     66289   100
##  dplyr::last(x)    21832    35269.0     60523.40     63726.0     75539.5    200064   100
##    x[end(x)[1]] 21008128 23004594.5  37356132.43  30006737.0  47839917.0 105430564   100
##       rev(x)[1] 74317382 92985054.0 108618154.55 102328667.5 112443834.0 187925942   100
## 
## 
## This immediately rules out anything involving rev or end since they're clearly not O(1) (and the resulting expressions are evaluated in a non-lazy fashion). tail and dplyr::last are not far from being O(1) but they're also considerably slower than mylast(x) and x[length(x)]. Since mylast(x) is slower than x[length(x)] and provides no benefits (rather, it's custom and does not handle an empty vector gracefully), I think the answer is clear: Please use x[length(x)].                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |anonymous               |2016-05-15 12:39:46Z |3260       |           12|           15|         15|
## |    77434|If you're looking for something as nice as Python's x[-1] notation, I think you're out of luck.  The standard idiom is
## 
## x[length(x)]  
## 
## 
## but it's easy enough to write a function to do this:
## 
## last <- function(x) { return( x[length(x)] ) }
## 
## 
## This missing feature in R annoys me too!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |Gregg Lind              |2008-09-17 13:27:17Z |20550      |           81|           66|          4|
## |    77434|Combining lindelof's and Gregg Lind's ideas:
## 
## last <- function(x) { tail(x, n = 1) }
## 
## 
## Working at the prompt, I usually omit the n=, i.e. tail(x, 1).
## 
## Unlike last from  the pastecs package, head and tail (from utils) work not only on vectors but also on data frames etc., and also can return data "without first/last n elements", e.g. 
## 
## but.last <- function(x) { head(x, n = -1) }
## 
## 
## (Note that you have to use head for this, instead of tail.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |Florian Jenn            |2008-09-30 16:28:14Z |5171       |           18|           23|          9|
## |    77434|The dplyr package includes a function last():
## 
## last(mtcars$mpg)
## # [1] 21.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |Sam Firke               |2016-06-07 18:51:23Z |21092      |          102|           85|         14|
## |    77434|I just benchmarked these two approaches on data frame with 663,552 rows using the following code:
## 
## system.time(
##   resultsByLevel$subject <- sapply(resultsByLevel$variable, function(x) {
##     s <- strsplit(x, ".", fixed=TRUE)[[1]]
##     s[length(s)]
##   })
##   )
## 
##  user  system elapsed 
##   3.722   0.000   3.594 
## 
## 
## and
## 
## system.time(
##   resultsByLevel$subject <- sapply(resultsByLevel$variable, function(x) {
##     s <- strsplit(x, ".", fixed=TRUE)[[1]]
##     tail(s, n=1)
##   })
##   )
## 
##    user  system elapsed 
##  28.174   0.000  27.662 
## 
## 
## So, assuming you're working with vectors, accessing the length position is significantly faster.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |scuerda                 |2014-05-13 18:20:29Z |525        |           12|            3|          2|
## |    77434|Another way is to take the first element of the reversed vector:
## 
## rev(dat$vect1$vec2)[1]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |James                   |2014-02-11 15:36:09Z |65338      |          193|          155|          3|
## |    77434|I have another method for finding the last element in a vector.
## Say the vector is a.
## 
## > a<-c(1:100,555)
## > end(a)      #Gives indices of last and first positions
## [1] 101   1
## > a[end(a)[1]]   #Gives last element in a vector
## [1] 555
## 
## 
## There you go!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |Akash                   |2015-01-16 20:35:49Z |183        |            6|            2|          0|
## |    77434|Package data.table includes last function
## 
## library(data.table)
## last(c(1:10))
## # [1] 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Enrique Pérez Herrero   |2016-06-07 18:42:49Z |3496       |           33|           32|          0|
## |    77434|Whats about
## 
## > a <- c(1:100,555)
## > a[NROW(a)]
## [1] 555                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |Kurt Ludikovsky         |2015-09-10 19:42:18Z |672        |           20|            6|          0|
## |    77434|The xts package provides a last function:
## 
## library(xts)
## a <- 1:100
## last(a)
## [1] 100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |smoff                   |2017-05-03 12:51:58Z |550        |           21|            5|          0|
## |    77434|As of purrr 1.0.0, pluck now accepts negative integers to index from the right:
## library(purrr)
## 
## pluck(LETTERS, -1)
## "Z"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |LMc                     |2023-02-14 21:45:20Z |10665      |           41|           29|          0|
## 
## 
## | QuestionId| ParentId|UserId                    |CommentTime          |body                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |----------:|--------:|:-------------------------|:--------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
## |   76398196| 76398196|Leroy Tyrone              |2023-06-03 22:48:20Z |Welcome to SO Rossy. Please review How to make a great R reproducible example and update your question accordingly. While the SO community are very helpful, you will increase your chances of getting an answer if your make your question easier to answer. Thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76397984| 76397984|Ben Bolker                |2023-06-03 20:49:01Z |Can you please give us some more information, including (1) a link to the documentation of gaussian_filter(); (2) a minimal reproducible example; (3) some specific examples (with code) of what you've tried that hasn't worked?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76397984| 76397984|user2554330               |2023-06-03 21:58:02Z |Showing the output of the Python code on a simple dataset would be extremely helpful.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76397984| 76397984|JStorey                   |2023-06-03 22:41:07Z |Apologies, I should have included some examples. I've updated my answer. Thanks!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76397805| 76397805|Leroy Tyrone              |2023-06-03 22:34:20Z |How is this substantially different from your other question? Apart from adding a third method that is? Wouldn't it be better to update your first question rather than cluttering SO with near-identical questions? Just a though. Thanks.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76397805| 76397805|stats_noob                |2023-06-03 22:54:08Z |@ Leroy Tyrone: Thank you for your reply! I acknowledge that  this question is similar to my previous question - in this current question, I am trying to clarify a different issue on matching matrices with data frames. In the past, members in the community have advised me not to update old questions but to ask new questions instead. If you think it might be a good idea to delete this current question, I can do this. Thanks!                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76397627| 76397651|Guilherme Lopes de Campos |2023-06-03 19:20:15Z |Thank you so much TarJae, I am very gratefull                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76397512| 76397558|pcantalupo                |2023-06-03 18:53:08Z |I didn't realize colorbar was a drop in replacement for guide_legend.  Spent all morning trying to figure this out. Thank you                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76397124| 76397124|user12256545              |2023-06-03 17:27:32Z |maybe use pymol to visualize the docking, it works well with pdbqt, whoever i dont understand what you mean with 2D diagramms?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76397124| 76397124|I_O                       |2023-06-03 17:42:06Z |There might be a number of packages, but it's hard to tell without your domain-specific expertise. Can you add an example of how the data look like before feeding it into the particular drawing tool and what visual output is desired? That aside, you might get lucky browsing one of CRAN's task-specific package collections (in your case  that would be "Omics" I guess: cran.r-project.org/web/views/Omics.html )                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76397124| 76397124|ginn                      |2023-06-03 18:13:00Z |The post's been updated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76396915| 76396915|Ricardo Semião e Castro   |2023-06-03 17:12:40Z |Your code works correctly, i.e. creates the models. What you don't like is that the summary function for rms models (rms:::summary.rms) doesn't print information about the intercept, is that it? If it is, I think you should re-write your question. The part about the mapping doesn't seem to matter too much, you just want a custom summary function                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76396915| 76396915|bison2178                 |2023-06-03 17:24:43Z |@RicardoSemiãoeCastro, yes that is correct Ricardo, the rms summary function is not printing the estimates for intercept. However if we see the induvidual model summary, foo$model the intercepts are printed, but I am not sure how to put them all together in a table.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76396811| 76396811|Mikael Jagan              |2023-06-03 16:05:33Z |Are you maybe looking for ks.test?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76396811| 76396811|Ben Bolker                |2023-06-03 19:23:30Z |I'm puzzled.  I can't find pKolmogorov2x anywhere in the current R code base (the current version has calls to functions like C_pkolmogorov_two_exact).  Can you say a little more about how you decided that this was the right call? (I do find this in some repos that link to older versions of R ...)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76396563| 76396563|I_O                       |2023-06-03 17:56:35Z |Replacing polygons with their centroids (to get point coordinates) and grouping/aggregating them by territorial units should be straightforward. However, these are details of implemention (in R). It might be worthwile to first inquire over at gis.stackexchange.com about how to set up the model (type, constraints, pitfalls etc.), especially if you're concerned about the extent (and perhaps comparability, province-wise) of your data. Engineering your data to fit into your R function of choice should hopefully be easy then.                                                                |
## |   76396563| 76396563|Saïd Maanan               |2023-06-03 18:50:12Z |Thank you very much @I_O. I did ask in gis.stackexchange.com, but I'm still waiting for someone to answer me.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76396563| 76396563|I_O                       |2023-06-03 20:17:39Z |I guess I took the technical issue out of the way: {GWmodel} seems to accept only data of class sp (package {sp}). The spatial statistics involved might be the greater challenge though.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76396563| 76397875|Saïd Maanan               |2023-06-03 20:36:19Z |Thank you. I will wait a little then accept your answer.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76396349| 76396349|Eva                       |2023-06-03 14:48:05Z |Welcome to stackoverflow. Can you please give us some toy (dummy) data where we can experiment? This would be quite helpful for us to understand and answer your question.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76396349| 76396349|r2evans                   |2023-06-03 14:48:10Z |"2 different subsets" can have correlation so long as they have the same length and they are tied together logically (such as: date, person, sequence of event, etc). While the logical-tying thing is an "analytical" thing (meaning without it you can still get a number, whether or not it is meaningful or just a statistical fabrication/lie), but the former is a requirement. If you look at stats:::cor.test.default, one of the first checks if if (length(x) != length(y)).                                                                                                                        |
## |   76396349| 76396349|I_O                       |2023-06-03 16:05:43Z |As Eva hinted: the solution might involve a bit of reshaping of your original dataframe con. Please provide this data by pasting the output of dput(con) or a sufficient subset, say, five paired observations per group for, say, two outcomes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76396323| 76396323|I_O                       |2023-06-03 18:04:32Z |Welcome on SO, gagrochowski. Without an example data set it's really hard to debug the code (see: stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-ask ). You can provide sample data conveniently by pasting the output of dput(head(map, 10)).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76395825| 76395825|mhovd                     |2023-06-03 11:30:10Z |How are your matrices structured, e.g. are they in a list, or just in the global environment?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76395825| 76395825|s28                       |2023-06-03 11:33:03Z |I added some data information using dput                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76395825| 76395825|Andre Wildberg            |2023-06-03 14:26:16Z |Your matrix already has columns of class "numeric", Vectorize(\(x) class(mat[,x]))(1:ncol(mat)) [1] "numeric" "numeric" "numeric" "numeric" "numeric" "numeric" "numeric"  [8] "numeric" "numeric" "numeric" "numeric"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76395522| 76395522|r2evans                   |2023-06-03 15:00:21Z |stackoverflow.com/q/5890584/3358272, stackoverflow.com/q/11608167/3358272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Gwang-Jin Kim             |2023-06-03 08:51:33Z |can you give some very short example vectors and what the return value should be?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Anti                      |2023-06-03 09:10:52Z |@Gwang-JinKim: Of course, edited my question.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76395254| 76395254|r2evans                   |2023-06-03 12:38:28Z |Your text x[i] <= 0.5 and x[i] >= 0.5 is going to only match the precise 0.5. I think the code is less confusing, but please edit your text so that the logic works.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Anti                      |2023-06-03 13:09:01Z |@r2evans: Wonder whether it's better now. Tbh, I don't understand what you meant with "is going to only match the precise 0.5".                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76395254| 76395254|r2evans                   |2023-06-03 14:38:28Z |x <= 0.5 & x >= 0.5 can only be true when x == 0.5, that's what I'm saying.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76395254| 76395254|r2evans                   |2023-06-03 15:07:45Z |There is nothing that base R code can solve to make this problem significantly faster: whether a for loop or sapply or even a (slightly-contrived) rolling-window is going to have a level of inefficiency when dealing with larger data. Since your vector is large, I wonder if a quick cpp function would do better, so that as soon as it finds a value that meets your criteria, it can stop looking (which a vectorized solution will not do).                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Anti                      |2023-06-03 15:39:41Z |@r2evans: Ah, ok. But you know what I want to get? For every value in the vector I want to get the index of the next subsequent value that is >= x[i] + 0.5 and I want to get the index for the next number that's <= x[i] - 0.5. Will think about how to better phrase it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76395254| 76395254|r2evans                   |2023-06-03 15:57:56Z |I understand, and coming up with a naive vectorized (memory-explosion) or a naive non-vectorized for loop (slow) is not that hard in base R. But you want both fast and efficient, which I think is going to be very difficult without compiled code.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Anti                      |2023-06-03 16:12:52Z |@r2evans: How would you've done it? I'd be still very interested in the memory-expensive solution. Thus, please share it. Thanks a lot in advance.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Gwang-Jin Kim             |2023-06-03 17:30:06Z |Yes, in this case, for-loop is faster than sapply - because apply functions involve intermediate lists and lists are slower than vectors and matrices (because elements of vectors and matrices are of a single type - and thus neet not be that flexible).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Gwang-Jin Kim             |2023-06-03 17:35:22Z |since you have to check for each position anew till then end of the vector - simlple vectorization wouldn't do it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Gwang-Jin Kim             |2023-06-03 17:36:02Z |may I ask for what you want to do this actually? what you want to do with those values afterwards? - perhaps there might be another way to do sth you think you have to do this way.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76395254| 76395254|Anti                      |2023-06-03 17:48:02Z |@Gwang-JinKim: Sure. I have a time series (growth rates with varying conditions). After the condition has changed, I want to identify whether the time series' values either increase or decrease by a critical threshold. Therefore, my idea was to identify the first occurences for both directional change indications (indices) and then to compare the indices itself to understand whether a change in the condition led to a positive or negative change in the time series readings.                                                                                                                 |
## |   76395098| 76395098|freyberg                  |2023-06-03 09:01:15Z |Filter out the terms you would like to have in your plot and then plot it yourself or modify the plots you obtain from dotplot. For putting the different ontologies into separate categories I'd suggest using facet_grid. You just need to have this information in the associated dataframe, i.e., what term belongs to which category. If you provide an example dataset, I can provide a more exact answer.                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76395098| 76395098|Saleh Sarwar              |2023-06-03 12:50:17Z |I have added example data to the post.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |    5869539|  5869675|donodarazao               |2011-05-03 13:02:18Z |Thanks for the fast answer! I guess I understand the purpose of levels and labels now. Maybe any suggestions for making output humanly better readable without manually editing table names and plot legends?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |    5869539|  5869675|Ben Bolker                |2011-05-03 14:13:31Z |I would often transform the levels right before plotting/creating labels, e.g. keep the levels as "a","b","c" while manipulating, then use levels(f) <- paste("Treatment",toupper(levels(f)),sep=" ") [or something] when plotting.  Or create a parallel factor f_pretty that you carry along and use only for output ...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |    5869539|  5869675|donodarazao               |2011-05-04 07:22:27Z |I thought about both, but both methods have disadvantages. The first might get tedious when plotting a huge number of graphs, and the second might get tedious when a lot of data aggregation is involved in scripting. But apparently there's no way to avoid that easily, so I'll go with your suggestions. :)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |    5869539|  5869675|Joris Meys                |2016-01-03 12:56:00Z |@42- I'm not sure what you mean with "numeric values". If you mean the internal values in the factor then that's exactly what I said above. Hence the mentioning of internal numerical values. If you specify the levels argument, you give the values in the input that have to be matched to the labels argument. R keeps the labels (as the attribute levels, and there's the confusion) and stores integer codes internally. These integer codes have nothing to do with the original values, whatever type they were. I think you misunderstood me.                                                      |
## |    5869539|  5869675|IRTFM                     |2016-01-03 17:53:23Z |Apologies. What you write was my understanding as well, and now that I am re-reading your question, I cannot see where I thought you said differently. I'll delete my comment because it adds less than nothing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |    5869539|  5869675|Lennert                   |2016-12-08 12:50:48Z |Maybe it's good to mention explicitly that if you want to access the factor values, this is always done by the levels (optionally set by the 'labels' argument)? This would clarify the observation of the OP that df$f=='a' does not work when the levels are modified?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |    5869539|  5869675|s_baldur                  |2018-05-02 10:38:35Z |You say 'A factor has only a level attribute, which is set by the labels argument in the factor() function'. But (please correct me if I'm wrong) that's just one way; after the factor has been created the level attribute can also be reset afterwards with levels<- or simply attr<-(x, "levels"). Meanwhile (confusingly) the levels argument in factor() only works to reorder the levels.                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |    5869539|  5869675|Joris Meys                |2018-05-02 14:06:48Z |@snoram you can do it afterwards too. The levels argument in factor() indicates the input levels (i.e. the unique values to look for in the original vector), whereas labels gives the output levels (i.e. the labels attached to the internal numeric interpretation).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |    5869539|  5869675|s_baldur                  |2018-05-02 14:29:01Z |Thanks. I guess this comment section has gone out of control... But since input levels defaults to all values found in vector in an increasing order one would specify them only to change the order or convert some (excluded value) to NA OR define values that might appear later. Or am I missing some other "benefit".                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |    5869539|  5869675|Joris Meys                |2018-05-03 08:12:21Z |@snoram ignore values you don't want for example.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |    5869539|  5869675|John                      |2019-01-25 01:41:09Z |Just a reminder that you can see the internal codes used, with as.numeric(df$f)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |    5869539| 30067419|Soren                     |2018-08-25 13:33:33Z |this is a nice package and thanks for posting about it (and writing it).  It seems the sort of functionality that should be native to R factors -- nice to see a package that provides this sort of name-value pair mapping with built-in equivalency checks.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |    5869539| 30067419|curious lab rat           |2020-11-13 05:52:28Z |d'oh! I was excited about using lfactors until I noticed that it "requires that the levels be numeric." Figures that require publication-style labels (Greek letters, italics, superscripts and all) are a good use case for a system of factors that could still include text levels (the latter could help minimize errors by making data tables more readable).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |    5869539| 30067419|pdb                       |2020-11-14 14:37:06Z |curious lab rat, levels are numeric and labels are text. Can you come up with a code example where that is an issue?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |    5869539| 30067419|Herman Toothrot           |2021-02-04 16:37:29Z |This should totally be included in base or ggplot.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76394767| 76394767|Community                 |2023-06-03 07:09:00Z |Please provide enough code so others can better understand or reproduce the problem.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76394485| 76394485|IRTFM                     |2023-06-03 04:33:18Z |meta.stackexchange.com/questions/92074/…. Show your efforts. Define what “start time” and “end time” are and why diff.time cannot be used?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76394461| 76394618|stats_noob                |2023-06-03 05:16:06Z |@ Dave2e: thank you so much for your answer! Will this result in identical(final_summary, final_summary1) = TRUE?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76394461| 76394618|stats_noob                |2023-06-03 19:27:18Z |( I tried to use the IDENTICA() statement and it tells me FALSE)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76394461| 76394618|Dave2e                    |2023-06-03 19:59:14Z |Are you sure the rows of the data frame are in the same order?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76394451| 76394451|benson23                  |2023-06-03 03:32:01Z |You need to use fixed = TRUE. i.e. sub(pattern = substr(mystring, 2, 40), replacement = "HELLO", mystring, fixed = T)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76394390| 76394420|Adrian                    |2023-06-03 03:16:54Z |Thanks, for the second solution you posted, what if I want to replace character index from 3 to 15 instead of 1 to 15? Is there a way to do this? The desired output would be 'thorange cat` (for replacing the 3rd to 15th character with 'orange')                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76394390| 76394420|benson23                  |2023-06-03 03:19:28Z |In that case you might do sub("(^.{2}).{13}", "\\1orange", string), but then I think substr would be much clearer in this case.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76394390| 76394420|Adrian                    |2023-06-03 03:29:13Z |Perfect, thanks. I have a follow up question (related to using sub and substr) here: stackoverflow.com/questions/76394451/… For some reason, sub is not recognizing the pattern based on substr(). If you have a chance, would appreciate you taking a look                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76394250| 76394250|r2evans                   |2023-06-03 02:26:15Z |Welcome to SO, José Amorim! This is an interesting question. I'm voting to migrate it to Cross Validated, as that site is geared towards discussing and resolving theoretical discussions a lot more than here on SO (which is mostly about "how to program things"). While CV is more tolerant of open discussions, it really does benefit when questions have more reproducible context including sample data, code used to generate the model, and likely the console representation of the model results (whether direct or via summary, I don't know what it should be for these models). Thanks!        |
## |   76393934| 76393934|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 23:14:59Z |df$d_signed = abs(df$d) * sign(df$b)?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76393934| 76393934|Sylvia Rodriguez          |2023-06-02 23:19:36Z |Great! Thank you :)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76393686| 76393686|Onyambu                   |2023-06-03 00:20:25Z |Environment variables for a user has nothing to do with R. You need to set the variables in your pc. check unix.stackexchange.com/questions/117467/… for example on how to do it in linux, and phoenixnap.com/kb/windows-set-environment-variable on windows                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76393686| 76393686|Konrad Rudolph            |2023-06-03 10:05:11Z |@Onyambu Except that these solutions categorically do not work for RStudio (or any other GUI applications) on macOS.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76393686| 76393686|Onyambu                   |2023-06-03 16:33:39Z |@KonradRudolph I specified that you do not necessarily need to use R. Setting environment variable has nothing to do with R. I am not sure about macOs. As far as I know, in windows, one cam simply use setx command, or just search for environment variables from the search button and set them the way they want                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76393686| 76393686|Konrad Rudolph            |2023-06-03 16:38:48Z |@Onyambu But as my answer shows there is no good non-R way to do this on macOS. You need R (specifically, .Renviron). So the question, for better or for worse, does have to do with R.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76393636| 76393636|Baraliuh                  |2023-06-02 22:05:27Z |Stack overflow deals explicitly with coding related questions. For advice on statistics/modeling/etc you could try cross validate: stats.stackexchange.com                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76393636| 76393636|jdobres                   |2023-06-02 22:06:47Z |It sounds like your LASSO model might be overfitting your training data. Your train/test split might also have introduced a strange bias just by chance. Try re-splitting the data.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76393636| 76393878|Community                 |2023-06-03 03:47:50Z |Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Please edit to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. You can find more information on how to write good answers in the help center.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76393577| 76393577|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 21:34:54Z |Please make this question reproducible. This includes sample unambiguous data (e.g., data.frame(x=...,y=...) or the output from dput(head(x)) into a code block) and intended output given that input. Refs: stackoverflow.com/q/5963269, minimal reproducible example, and stackoverflow.com/tags/r/info.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76393401| 76393401|Peter                     |2023-06-02 21:07:01Z |Please make your question reproducible: include the output of dput(R_test_8) in the question.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76393401| 76393401|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 21:20:42Z |Mississppi2 <- Mississppi &#124;> mutate(Type = fct_rev(Type)) and then use Mississppi2. That will make the Type variable be a factor that is in the opposite order of its current default alphabetical order.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76393401| 76393401|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 21:27:51Z |just about (or perhaps "all"?) questions on SO that ask about "order of axis", "order of plots", or "order of legend" are resolved with the use of factor and using its levels= argument                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76393401| 76393401|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 21:28:07Z |see ggplot2/axis-order: stackoverflow.com/q/3253641/3358272, stackoverflow.com/q/12774210/3358272, stackoverflow.com/q/18401931/3358272; ordering with groups stackoverflow.com/q/44350031/3358272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76393401| 76393401|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 21:30:25Z |Welcome to SO, tatertot2! This question will be closed as a duplicate, please look at the links I provided and learn how to apply it to your data (which we don't have). If after you do that you still cannot figure it out, please make this question reproducible by editing it and including sample data (perhaps using dput or data.frame, see that link), and show the updated code with any warnings/errors. Once that's done, @-ping me and we'll sort out what is different or such. Thanks and good luck!                                                                                           |
## |   76393378| 76393378|Adrian                    |2023-06-03 02:23:44Z |Just wondering why this question is closed when it's asking to replace multiple occurrences of a given pattern. The "duplicate" questions are asking to replace a single occurrence only. What am I missing here?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76393244| 76393244|nrennie                   |2023-06-02 20:22:08Z |Can you share an example, including what you have tried so far? I would suggest looking at defining a custom class as per this answer: stackoverflow.com/questions/73236486/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76393244| 76393244|mikeytop                  |2023-06-02 20:34:53Z |I have edited the original post to further explain what I have tried.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76393244| 76393244|I_O                       |2023-06-02 21:39:06Z |see discussion here, plz: github.com/yihui/xaringan/issues/5 (BTW, you can "black out" any slide during presentation with the B-key)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76393244| 76393244|mikeytop                  |2023-06-03 01:06:30Z |This discussion is only for the title slide, and not a general solution for any slide.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76393244| 76393244|mikeytop                  |2023-06-03 08:21:31Z |Turns out you can use class: clear to do this in the metropolis theme. This solves the problem.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76393217| 76393217|maluwalmk                 |2023-06-02 21:45:56Z |Can you add sample data from the .txt file so we can reproduce the results?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76393217| 76393217|I_O                       |2023-06-02 22:24:02Z |In the middle-to-long run, getting familiar with ggplot will save you a ton of work for such purposes. For an instant solution, you can set up a multi-figure plot option (e. g. par(mfrow = c(2, 3)) for a 2-by-3 panel plot), and proceed with your loop-approach.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76392914| 76392914|sln                       |2023-06-02 19:17:30Z |Why "skip" in desired output ? Are quotes unwanted ?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76392914| 76392914|Simon Harmel              |2023-06-02 19:48:04Z |@sln, well, that is what originally included in the survey question. I should have mentioned that. Good catch:)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76392893| 76392893|GuedesBF                  |2023-06-02 19:56:54Z |cant you just use regular synthax for negative numbers (-100), and adjust the methods for displaying the values inside excel? I am not sure, but I believe whether excel shows values as () or - is more of a display option, and not how the values are encoded.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76392893| 76392893|Laura                     |2023-06-02 20:09:05Z |While I technically could, that wouldn't really accomplish what I want since I want the excel output to already be completely formatted and not need any manual intervention                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76392893| 76392893|DJJ                       |2023-06-02 20:16:43Z |A way out might be to format the data.frame in R the way you want it to be, then to export it as text but I haven't tested this idea.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76392893| 76392893|DJJ                       |2023-06-02 20:26:22Z |@Laura, I suspect the  dollar sign and the decimals are governed by the excel default format. On the R side unfortunately, I could not find any solution. I might be worth it to raise the issue on the repository here                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76392840| 76392968|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 19:22:41Z |Your first assertion is not true. By using mapply, the OP is passing length-1 arguments to fun1. You can verify this with debug(fun1) then looking at x and y when you try the OP's code.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76392840| 76392968|DJJ                       |2023-06-02 19:24:14Z |@r2evans, indeed thanks for the feedback                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76392784| 76392784|MrFlick                   |2023-06-02 19:04:01Z |With the solution from the existing question, you could do something like df %>% crossing(x = seq(-4,4,.1)) %>% mutate(y=1/(1+2.71828^(-1.7*(PseudoA*(x-PseudoB))))) %>%  ggplot() + aes(x, y, color=items) + geom_line() after running library(tidyverse). If you want to only do a subset of the lines, just filter the values before the crossing() step.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76392725| 76392797|Allan Cameron             |2023-06-02 19:47:49Z |Learned something new here. Great answer, deserves more upvoted.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76392725| 76392797|caveman                   |2023-06-02 20:16:44Z |this works really great, thanks!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76392725| 76392797|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 20:20:33Z |@AllanCameron ... my secret: I didn't know this before now, this is how I learn things in R/python: by trying things when somebody asks. The biggest thing I think I bring to the game is having a good idea where to look and what keywords/topics to look for. Thanks!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76392725| 76392797|Allan Cameron             |2023-06-02 21:20:43Z |@r2evans - that's my secret too ;)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76392709| 76392709|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 19:31:49Z |No, there is not any built-in way to make a legend for a facet label. But there ways to add a caption, or add annotations, or an inset plot area. Can you draw or describe what you're looking for?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76392709| 76392709|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 19:36:26Z |Keep in mind you can also add line breaks, either with the text \n or with functions like stringr::str_wrap(), either to your y axis labels and/or your facet labels.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76392709| 76392709|Linton                    |2023-06-02 20:42:53Z |I added an example of what I'd like the legend to be above, but basically I just want to include a key for the pathway acronyms I am using (for example, explain what 3-H BC is).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76392709| 76392709|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 21:26:11Z |I think these SO questions might help. It sounds like the main difference is where you want the text and how big it is, which might require some tweaking to the theme to leave enough room. stackoverflow.com/questions/12409960/… and stackoverflow.com/questions/54776142/add-text-outside-plot-area                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76392709| 76392709|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 21:29:16Z |Another approach would be to create a blank plot that is just your legend and inset that like here: patchwork.data-imaginist.com/reference/inset_element.html                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76392610| 76392624|Sara Haas                 |2023-06-02 18:22:43Z |What is the (?!)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76392610| 76392624|Sara Haas                 |2023-06-02 18:27:59Z |Nothing is changing still - im getting back the exact same data frame                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76392610| 76392624|TarJae                    |2023-06-02 18:30:12Z |have you loaded the packages dplyer and stringr?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76392410| 76392410|Kat                       |2023-06-02 20:41:56Z |If you just want to keep the first genre you could use grepl or tidyverse::separate for example: separate(df1, col = what, into = "what2", sep = ",", extra = "drop") where df1 is the data frame, col = what: what is the name of the column you want to modify, into = "what2": what2 is the name of the new column. This will drop the original column, if you want to keep the original column, add remove = F.                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76392409| 76392409|asd-tm                    |2023-06-02 18:09:21Z |Please provide sample data for instance with dput()                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76392409| 76392409|Billy                     |2023-06-02 19:26:15Z |@asd-tm I uploaded the dataset                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76392409| 76392409|I_O                       |2023-06-02 23:07:37Z |A quick solution would be to create (a) your faceted plot, (b) an unfaceted plot and stack (or otherwise arrange) both with package {patchwork} or {cowplot}. See e.g. here: ggplot2-book.org/arranging-plots.html                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76392409| 76392409|Billy                     |2023-06-03 14:46:43Z |@I_O I didn't find something helpful. Also, I edited my post in order to make more clear what I want to achieve. Can you provide some in order to fix my problem?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76392409| 76392409|I_O                       |2023-06-03 15:37:42Z |Well, {patchwork} did what you asked for, didn't it? The ocumentation also shows how to adjust the relative heights of stacked plots. Anyhow, see answer with ggplot-only solution, plz.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76392409| 76396754|Billy                     |2023-06-03 16:32:50Z |I made the appropriate changes and it worked. Thank you so much!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76392367| 76392367|br00t                     |2023-06-02 18:58:14Z |If I'm not mistaken you can call write_sheet() with an empty data.frame and that will create a sheet with one empty row you can then subsequently call sheet_append() with your actual data.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76392347| 76392347|Ben Bolker                |2023-06-02 18:11:52Z |replicate the repeated variables (e.g. using zoo::na.locf or tidyr::fill). The repeated variables are not a problem.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76392347| 76392347|Phoenix Byrne             |2023-06-03 11:40:41Z |Thank you for the prompt response. So the ANCOVA computation won't be influenced by the fact age, for example, is duplicated for each participants? it will somehow know this is the case or do I need to add another argument to my code to account for it? Many thanks!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76392228| 76392228|user20650                 |2023-06-02 17:19:32Z |What does str(data$cc) return please?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76392228| 76392228|Svenja                    |2023-06-02 17:22:48Z |Hi! This returns Factor w/ 4 Levels: "1", "2", "3", "4". Otherwise the variables are all continuous.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76392228| 76392228|user20650                 |2023-06-02 17:27:33Z |Thanks. Nothing unexpected here ... this is how characters / factors (categorical) terms are represented in a regression model. I'll try to find a link that explains.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76392228| 76392228|user20650                 |2023-06-02 17:33:57Z |perhaps stackoverflow.com/questions/36555639/… ; stackoverflow.com/questions/15231837/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76392228| 76392228|user20650                 |2023-06-02 17:37:32Z |and maybe useful stats.stackexchange.com/questions/149621/… ; stats.stackexchange.com/questions/274748/… ;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76392228| 76392228|qdread                    |2023-06-02 17:42:07Z |Yes, because cc has four discrete levels, you need three parameters to estimate the effect of cc on math. It seems like cc=4 is your reference level, so cc1 can be interpreted as the difference in individual math achievement between climate 1 and climate 4. After accounting for the other predictors, climate 1 has an expected value of individual math achievement -0.43 less than climate 4. The same logic applies to the interaction term.                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76392228| 76392228|Svenja                    |2023-06-02 17:44:51Z |Alright! Got it, that solved a problem I had been thinking about for days now (although it seems to be rather a statistical then an r issue). Thank you so much!!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76392177| 76392233|Sou                       |2023-06-03 02:42:47Z |Thank you for the answers, in the first answer, how do i group them if the values are higher in number? the groups are much larger than three 100-s or three 200-s. I cannot manually type them out. Please help                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76392177| 76392233|TarJae                    |2023-06-03 04:27:07Z |First: if you have 100, 100, 100 you can do rep(100, 3). Then the data in the first answer is already grouped by group.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76392149| 76392149|Reinderien                |2023-06-02 22:29:38Z |It's odd that the team has five players plus a captain. Shouldn't it have four players plus a captain?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76392055| 76392055|joshbrows                 |2023-06-02 16:56:17Z |Try str_match_all(string, r'(pat1[\s\S]+?pat2)').                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76392055| 76392055|TarJae                    |2023-06-02 16:59:58Z |library(stringr) for (match in str_extract_all(string, "(?s)pat1.*?pat2")[[1]]) {   print(match) }. By the way this is not a duplicate question of the referred link!  Will give  [1] "pat1 hello333\n pat2" [1] "pat1 again pat2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76392055| 76392055|Onyambu                   |2023-06-02 17:22:26Z |Include lazy ? in your regex str_extract_all(string, "(?s)pat1.+?pat2") in your case: str_extract_all(string, regex("pat1.+?pat2", dotall = TRUE))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76391960| 76392049|dicegods                  |2023-06-02 19:07:15Z |Appreciate the quick response.  I am still very much a newbie at R.  Coming from a SAS background, if I wanted to refer to a variable called "var", I could use &var., and that would work for 99+% of any use case that I would have for it.  Is there any sort of equivalence here?  Neither of the codes below work.  ``` final2 = subset(final2, select=-c(paid_totmbr, membsort, {{membID}})) final2 = subset(final2, select=-c(paid_totmbr, membsort, !!sym(membID))) ```                                                                                                                               |
## |   76391856| 76391856|joran                     |2023-06-02 16:20:46Z |This bit: Mydata <- read_csv(Mydata,...) is confusing. The first argument to read_csv() should be a file path, eg "folder/filename.csv". Mydata sounds like the name of a data frame, indeed you're assigning the result to the same name. Are you sure you gave read_csv() a file path?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76391856| 76391856|Gato                      |2023-06-02 19:02:20Z |Omg I was dum. That was the issue. Thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76391852| 76391852|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 16:17:56Z |It is good practice to include some sample data in your question, to reduce ambiguity and to save each potential answerer from needing to reverse engineer their own.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76391852| 76391852|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 16:23:03Z |For instance, would it be adequate for us all to use set.seed(42); my_vector <- rnorm(200, 0.0012, 0.000003))? I'm not sure that demonstrates the binning effect you are looking to recreate in ggplot2.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76391852| 76391852|roma                      |2023-06-02 16:27:31Z |I don't know what the theoretical distribution of "A" is, but I am now looking for a way to save my vector so that others can easily create it themselves. If you happen to know, please let me know.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76391852| 76391852|joran                     |2023-06-02 16:31:14Z |I believe stat_bin() accepts an explicit breaks argument, so you could do stat_bin(geom = 'hist',breaks = <breaks vector from hist() output>), perhaps?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76391852| 76391852|joran                     |2023-06-02 16:36:12Z |Gah, I think that should be geom = 'bar' in my previous comment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76391852| 76391852|roma                      |2023-06-02 16:44:10Z |It's work, thx!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76391830| 76391830|nrennie                   |2023-06-02 17:05:43Z |Can you please share the code (and ideally data using dput()) that you used to create these outputs? It makes it much easier for other to help if we can recreate your results.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76391830| 76391830|Ajna F Kertesz            |2023-06-03 19:20:53Z |interact_model<- glmer(Conformity_pref ~ Smart*Behave*Grades + (1 &#124; PID) , data = MV_final, family=binomial(link = "logit")) summary(interact_model)  All values are binary (1,0), except for PID (0-1295) dput(head(MV_final[, c("Conformity_pref", "PID", "Smart", "Behave", "Grades")])) structure(list(Conformity_pref = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), PID = c("10",  "10", "10", "10", "10", "10"), Smart = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L,  0L), Behave = c(0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 1L), Grades = c(0L, 0L, 0L,  0L, 0L, 0L)), row.names = c(NA, -6L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl",  "data.frame"))                         |
## |   76391751| 76391751|joshbrows                 |2023-06-02 16:43:58Z |It looks like you have an extra c() when defining df_100 and df_full.  It should be something like df_100 = data.frame(siteid = seq(1, 5, 1), conflu = c(3, 2, 4, 5, 6), diflu = c(9, 2, 30, 2, 5)) and df_full = data.frame(siteid = seq(1, 10, 2), conflu = c(6, 3, 5, 2, 3), diflu = c(5, 9, 2, 30, 7))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76391482| 76391482|Mike                      |2023-06-02 15:25:14Z |you might have to make two plots one for functions and one for gradient and then put the title directly above the gradients and then use cowplot, patchwork or gridextra to stitch them together                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76391482| 76391482|Yacine Hajji              |2023-06-02 15:34:56Z |How about you create 2 columns: 1 with either nabla g or g values, the second one with 1:5. Then you assign your values to these 2 columns and you do a multi-panel facet_wrap zevross.com/blog/2019/04/02/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76391151| 76391228|GaB                       |2023-06-02 15:35:31Z |you know what? I have tried this actually! :)) But I believe since my environment wasn't clean, I could not get it. Thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76391100| 76391100|akrun                     |2023-06-02 14:35:51Z |If you have a numeric column in Percent, use cumsum i.e. cumsum(c(17.54, 21.05, 20.18, 22.81, 18.42))# [1]  17.54  38.59  58.77  81.58 100.00                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76391100| 76391100|MKN17                     |2023-06-02 14:38:53Z |That worked! I had also tried cumsum() but was doing it with a mutate and it wasn't returning the correct figures. Thanks again!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76391100| 76391100|akrun                     |2023-06-02 14:39:49Z |You may need to update the original object i.e. df1 <- df1 %>% mutate(Total_Percent = cumsum(Percent))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76391100| 76391100|MKN17                     |2023-06-02 14:47:42Z |That's what I was originally doing. But the result was that it created a new collar (Total_Percent) where the values where just the values from the Percent col even though cumsum(Percent) was being used.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76391093| 76391093|I_O                       |2023-06-02 15:02:38Z |Welcome on Stack Overflow, Cato. Your question sounds more about the choice of (statistical) method and workflow than their specific implementation in R language. It might be more efficient to first research over at: stats.stackexchange.com and, in case, come back for technical details .                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76391093| 76391093|Yacine Hajji              |2023-06-02 15:40:18Z |Are the 6 treatments 6 different treaments or the same treatment with 6 different doses?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |     617683|   617683|Justin                    |2009-03-11 01:32:31Z |Thanks! "Please enter at least 10 characters." is a dumb requirement.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |     617683|   617683|Harsha M V                |2010-07-22 17:59:31Z |can i add this to app model instead ?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76390798| 76390798|jpsmith                   |2023-06-02 13:59:18Z |one of those columns likely isn't in your dataset wide_data. If you edit your question to provide your dataset structure (using dput(head(wide_data))) we could provide more specific assistance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76390798| 76390798|MrFlick                   |2023-06-02 14:10:46Z |It's easier to help you if you include a simple reproducible example with sample input that can be used to test and verify possible solutions. R rarely lies to you so it must think those columns have different names. What does names(wide_data) return?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76390478| 76390478|ZheFrench                 |2023-06-02 13:18:16Z |dmonths(x)%>% as.numeric('days') did the trick                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76390426| 76390426|Rui Barradas              |2023-06-02 13:42:43Z |1) You copied the function from this SO post but changed it, use the original and everything will be alright; 2) When you run A + scale_y_continuous(label=scientific_10) you don't assign the result back to A so in the last line the y-axis labels haven't changed, they are still not in scientific notation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76390426| 76390426|Rui Barradas              |2023-06-02 13:43:24Z |3) I am closing as duplicate. It is also a simple typo.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76390426| 76390426|Miquel                    |2023-06-02 14:26:51Z |Yes, I copied the function from a post, but in my case, the "x" is a empty square and I don't know how to fix it...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76390426| 76390426|Rui Barradas              |2023-06-02 17:34:44Z |OK, the duplicate is wrong. is is a fonts or graphics device problem. Either have to install missing fonts or change graphics backend. Reopened.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76390374| 76390374|br00t                     |2023-06-02 13:11:38Z |Please read this article: stackoverflow.com/questions/5963269/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76390374| 76390374|br00t                     |2023-06-02 13:56:17Z |The error returned by the api is quite explicit: "NID AUTH Result Invalid (1000) : Authentication failed. (인증에 실패했습니다.)" it appears you are not using valid credentials to access the API                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76390329| 76390329|zx8754                    |2023-06-02 12:59:06Z |Do you meant to increase the height of those density curves to cover the whole axis? Maybe you need to scale it before plotting.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76390329| 76390329|M. Beausoleil             |2023-06-02 13:18:33Z |Sorry for not being clear, no, I just want to 'raise' the density plot so that they don't 'sit' on x = 0 or y = 0, but that I could make the density plots on x = 13 or y = 20. Is that clearer?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76390329| 76390329|Peter                     |2023-06-02 14:03:27Z |Have you seen the answers to this question: none directly address the requirement to place density plots within the plotting area but the packages listed may help: stackoverflow.com/questions/8545035/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76390329| 76390329|M. Beausoleil             |2023-06-02 14:17:44Z |I did see those. The problem is that when I want to customize a bit more, there are limitations. It was easier for me to find how to just move the density plot in a single ggplot graph.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76390329| 76390859|zx8754                    |2023-06-02 20:47:23Z |We can replace x = 12 and y = 20 with ceiling(max(df$x)) and ceiling(max(df$y)) to make it more automated.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76390196| 76390196|br00t                     |2023-06-02 13:46:23Z |If you do not want to troubleshoot a reinvented wheel you can try an out-of-the-box method like the zoo::rollapply() function to acheive the same objective                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76389710| 76390565|user18791303              |2023-06-02 14:43:34Z |thanks, this was already very helpful to get a general idea. I tried to run your raster algebra, but I get the error message [sds] extents do not match (). It is possible that not all raster cells overlap exactly, due to the conversion of the texture and landuse layers from shape files...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76389710| 76390565|I_O                       |2023-06-02 14:54:24Z |Could be a few reasons ( google.com/search?q=R+terra+match+raster+extents ). Note that you can also use a single existing "master" raster layer (e. g. carbon?) as a joint rasterizing template: rasterize(vect(your_shapefile.shp), your_carbon_raster).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76389697| 76389697|zachi                     |2023-06-02 11:23:24Z |as you can see from the output , I have white spaces and sentences that are divided to two lines, I would like to have it in a vector or a list , that each element will be a sentence                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76389697| 76389697|Peter                     |2023-06-02 11:35:47Z |Please include the output of dput(heraclitus_sentences) in the question to make it reproducible.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76389613| 76389613|ThomasIsCoding            |2023-06-02 11:11:19Z |better provide the data for matrix1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76389613| 76389613|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 11:30:26Z |(1) You say "append" but matrix2[j,] <- is assignment. If you want to append rows, rbind seems like what you need. (2) I'm inferring that you want to append the row once, but your matrix1[i,] is being added j-times (number of rows in matrix2). In addition to adding the sample data that ThomasIsCoding requested, I think you should also include your expected output given that sample data. We don't need big matrices, perhaps just 5-10 rows (some matches, some not) and 2-3 columns. When using dput, please give us all of it, not just a portion, perhaps dput(matrix1[1:10,1:3]).            |
## |   76389510| 76389510|stefan                    |2023-06-02 11:00:08Z |Try DF$`Opt-Numbers` <- ifelse(DF$Numbers >= 4, "Opt-CMM", "Opt-MM"))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76389510| 76389510|Usman YousafZai           |2023-06-02 11:11:53Z |@stefan It works. Kindly can you add your answer ? thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76389386| 76389476|Sanna                     |2023-06-02 12:34:53Z |Thank you so much! This worked perfectly. I tried adding unique but I did not manage to figure out that there needed to be unique(.x) - can you explain to me what the .x is referring to? Thank you!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76389386| 76389476|stefan                    |2023-06-02 12:49:01Z |Hi Sanna. .x works the same way as . which you used, i.e. you can use one or the other. Personally I prefer the .x. And both options are special symbols to refer to the function argument when using lambda functions ie. when doing ~ f(.x) instead of function(x) f(x).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76389243| 76389243|Jetchisel                 |2023-06-02 10:26:52Z |Use "${10}" or "$@" ? but the question is to vague though                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76389243| 76389243|guillaume                 |2023-06-02 10:47:27Z |sorry new here and don't really know how to put it better, my script already use 9 argument so it work, but when i had a 10th argument i have an error (on my terminal) meaning it can't detect the 10th one (i tried the same command with 9th argument and it work) so the question is more how can i use a 10th argument on my script ? it seems commandArgs only let me use 9 argument max.                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76389243| 76389243|Jetchisel                 |2023-06-02 10:59:51Z |Show some code, and paste your script at shellcheck.net                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76389243| 76389243|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 11:39:03Z |Welcome to SO, guillaume! I've heard of 9 being a (soft) limit for windows cli utils, but there are ways around it (stackoverflow.com/a/38390433/3358272). I don't know of any limit imposed by commandArgs. It would be very helpful if you make your question more reproducible, namely a minimal script attempt, how you are calling it (including the shell type, i.e., cmd or bash), and all errors/warnings. Please see stackoverflow.com/q/5963269 , minimal reproducible example, and stackoverflow.com/tags/r/info. Thank you!                                                                       |
## |   76389243| 76389243|guillaume                 |2023-06-02 12:42:30Z |thanks you ll do it and try make a little model to show what i'm talking about.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76389243| 76390318|Dirk Eddelbuettel         |2023-06-02 12:54:16Z |The quesstion was about an R program, not a shell script.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76389243| 76390318|chandra                   |2023-06-02 13:20:13Z |Point taken @DirkEddelbuettel. The question is not very clear (to me at least). It does mention my bash script and I answered just in case it helps guillaume.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76389050| 76389050|NicChr                    |2023-06-02 11:00:57Z |If ID R009 doesn't get assigned the year 2013, should ID R007 get assigned the year 2008 as they have records only for the last 3 months of 2008?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76389050| 76389050|Albert                    |2023-06-02 11:54:09Z |Sorry @NicChr, I made a typo in the first two rows. The startdate should be 2008-01-01 and not 2008-10-01. I corrected the mistake in th above question. Sorry for the inconvenience.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76389050| 76389929|Albert                    |2023-06-02 12:06:32Z |Thank you for your answer. I indeed do not want to have duplicates, but your solution does not solve my problem entirely. As inidicated in the question, I would like to have the month June to be the leading indicator for the statenumber (or address). So this would mean that individual R008 should only have the statenumber 3 and individual R009 only the statenumber 4 (as both live in june of a particular year at that address).                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76389050| 76389929|r2evans                   |2023-06-02 12:15:15Z |See my edit @Albert, hope that works                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76389028| 76389028|teunbrand                 |2023-06-02 10:01:59Z |I don't think there is a ggploty way of doing this. I've been working on something like this in a ggplot2 extension, but isn't in a useable state at the moment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76389028| 76389028|Lenman55                  |2023-06-02 10:04:32Z |Thank you for your answer. If i may ask, how would you proceed in my case?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76389028| 76389028|teunbrand                 |2023-06-02 10:33:27Z |I'd probably use facets with zero panel spacing to imitate the outcome, using the strip label as the header.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76388858| 76388858|Peter                     |2023-06-02 11:55:10Z |You can control legend title size with plg = list(title = "Score", title.cex = 1.5) for example, not sure how to change legend title angle and position.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76388339| 76388339|Maël                      |2023-06-02 08:23:56Z |Note that your data is not reproducible because it uses internal pointer. Check here for more: stackoverflow.com/questions/25533332/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76388032| 76388032|AdroMine                  |2023-06-02 07:35:14Z |this is called converting data to wide-form, You can look at the function pivot_wider from tidyr package. tidyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pivot_wider.html                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76388032| 76388359|fatemeh                   |2023-06-02 13:46:27Z |Thank you so much for your guidance. I tried the code that you have suggested but I got this error :                                                                                                                                Error in pivot_wider(): ! Can't convert fill` <double> to <list>`                                                                             could you help me to resolve this error please?                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76388032| 76388359|Jorge A                   |2023-06-02 14:41:18Z |@fatemeh it seems that your column is numeric, you can convert the mutation column first to a character type before using pivot wider. Like so dataframe1$mutation <- as.character(dataframe1$mutation)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76388032| 76388359|fatemeh                   |2023-06-02 18:48:23Z |dear @Jorge A : thanks for your response and help :)    Actually all columns in my data frame are in character class.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76388032| 76388359|fatemeh                   |2023-06-02 19:16:47Z |As you said in order to clarify my issue I edit  question box with give an example. I will be grateful if you take a look at it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76388032| 76393047|Onyambu                   |2023-06-02 19:44:18Z |Please if you downvote, you should consider leaving a comment so one can tell what the problem is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76388032| 76393047|fatemeh                   |2023-06-03 09:28:42Z |Thank you so much for your answer. It was useful and awesome :)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76388032| 76393047|Onyambu                   |2023-06-03 16:29:07Z |@fatemeh consider accepting it as the solution.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76387964| 76387964|Rob                       |2023-06-02 07:31:54Z |DO NOT post images of code, data, error messages, etc. - copy or type the text into the question. How to Ask                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76387937| 76387937|benson23                  |2023-06-02 07:21:33Z |Just include date in the group_by in @Maël's original answer. i.e. ... %>% group_by(gp = sub('.', '', sub), date) %>% ...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76387472| 76387472|Onyambu                   |2023-06-02 06:10:14Z |try to use an example that contains 99999. The example you gave does not contain the number in question                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76387472| 76387472|Taren Sanders             |2023-06-02 06:12:37Z |Your MRE runs fine for me. Is it possible that the MRE doesn't include the problem column?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76387472| 76387472|HJ WHY                    |2023-06-02 07:35:24Z |@Onyambu I will try to be more meticulous in uploading MRE.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76387472| 76387472|HJ WHY                    |2023-06-02 07:35:29Z |@Taren Sanders yes you are right.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76387472| 76387866|HJ WHY                    |2023-06-02 07:33:58Z |> grep("name", colnames(as)) [1] 7058 and > grep("value", colnames(as)) [1] 7059    . > sum(grepl("value", colnames(as))) [1] 1 and > sum(grepl("name", colnames(as))) [1] 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76387472| 76387866|HJ WHY                    |2023-06-02 07:34:35Z |There were 2 problematic columns. Thank you.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76387441| 76390023|Nader Mehri               |2023-06-02 17:09:35Z |Thanks for your helpful clarification! In your suggested solution, we set the values for Petal.Length to be 1, 4, and 6. If this is correct, I wonder what values are set for Petal.Width? Also, I wonder how the below-suggested code is different than yours: Petal: predicted_probs <- predict(model, newdata = datagrid(Petal.Length = c(1, 4, 6)), type = "probs")                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76387441| 76390023|Vincent                   |2023-06-02 19:00:29Z |datagrid sets other variables to their means, but that can be customized. See the documentation. In this case, there should be no difference between the two, except that predictions() and avg_predictions() return uncertainy estimates. There are a ton of examples and detailed tutorials in the Predictions vignette here: vincentarelbundock.github.io/marginaleffects/articles/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76387295| 76387295|jay.sf                    |2023-06-02 05:18:12Z |Did you forget to "attach" the error?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76387189| 76387189|Taren Sanders             |2023-06-02 05:51:57Z |It's a bit of a guess, but in the NEWS for R 4.3, on page 20 it says: > The header ‘S.h’ which has been unsupported since Jan 2016 has been removed. Use ‘R.h’ instead.  In scalop.h it still includes this reference. So I would think that downgrading to 4.2 might fix the issue, or you could fork the repo and try editing the reference (but, that might require other edits).                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76387189| 76387189|Vincent Laufer            |2023-06-02 12:44:55Z |Thank you Taren. This will be helpful to lots who navigate here                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76387189| 76387609|Vincent Laufer            |2023-06-02 11:59:42Z |WOOOWWWWWW. THANK YOU! Terrific answer. Will work through this and report back. thank you so much for your time.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76387189| 76387609|Vincent Laufer            |2023-06-02 12:32:24Z |For context on differences between namespace and attach (referred to in Jared's answer), please see: stackoverflow.com/questions/14988722/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76387189| 76390365|jared_mamrot              |2023-06-02 22:09:30Z |Super frustrating problem, but I'm glad you got it sorted :)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76387189| 76390365|Vincent Laufer            |2023-06-03 07:48:48Z |It actually wasn't jared, but, that's entirely thanks to you. thank you so much for your help.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76387189| 76390365|Vincent Laufer            |2023-06-03 07:49:49Z |Jared - a quick observation - I wonder if the decision not to reinstall GCC will create fewer failures/compatiblity issues down the road (like what you note above). As a corollary, this experience really leaves me wondering what the differences in the installation process that are implied by devtools::install_github() contra BiocManager::install().   in other words, what parts of the solution depend on your fork, versus what parts (if any) depend on use of BiocManager()                                                                                                                    |
## |   76387115| 76387115|Sinh Nguyen               |2023-06-02 04:40:55Z |Missing stat="identity" in the geom_bar function                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76387115| 76387115|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 07:12:04Z |Take a look at the help for ?geom_bar: There are two types of bar charts: geom_bar() and geom_col(). geom_bar() makes the height of the bar proportional to the number of cases in each group (or if the weight aesthetic is supplied, the sum of the weights). If you want the heights of the bars to represent values in the data, use geom_col() instead. geom_bar() uses stat_count() by default: it counts the number of cases at each x position. geom_col() uses stat_identity(): it leaves the data as is.                                                                                            |
## |   76387115| 76387115|Jess                      |2023-06-02 11:36:15Z |@JonSpring - aha!!!  Thank you!  I tried once with geom_col() but to be honest I probably didn't pay close enough attention to the resulting error, and looking up geom_col() vs. geom_bar() was one of the rabbit holes I needed to go down but I chose others instead (poor judgment, obviously!)  Thank you, I'll give that a try this morning,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76387115| 76387115|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 16:14:09Z |You will be more likely to get useful advice if you can provide a reproducible example. 1) Sample of data (as code, e.g. using the dput function), 2) what you expect/want, and 3) what you've tried. (Current question has #3 and I'm not sure I understand #2.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76386904| 76387453|oriole1231                |2023-06-02 17:05:58Z |I am beginning to see now! Thank you!  I am sorry for my little knowledge. I will need to go back in and fix my data sheet. Unfortunately, tree number is not unique. It corresponds to the location in the field where the sample was taken, so for example, Trees 1 - 2 of a type on Date 1 in Field 3 were not the same as Tree 1 - 2 of the same type on Date 2 in Field 3, etc.  Also, if I wanted to give the average number of moths based on all sampled trees, would I need to make a sum column like the avg you created, and somehow calculate the overall average from all trees?  Thank you!     |
## |   76386904| 76387453|neilfws                   |2023-06-03 04:42:36Z |I suggest you just experiment with and/or read about how group_by works, because that is the key thing here - you group on whatever combination of variables gives you the desired mean value.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76386904| 76387453|oriole1231                |2023-06-03 07:56:07Z |OK, I see! Thank you very much! I will do this. Thank you again for the help with this!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |   76386843| 76386866|rez                       |2023-06-02 03:06:08Z |thanks but z should be returned as an integer not TRUE and FALSE.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76386843| 76386866|thelatemail               |2023-06-02 03:12:54Z |@rez - shift the parenthesis back one part - mutate(z = rowSums(pick(newX, y) == 1))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |   76386843| 76386866|zephryl                   |2023-06-02 03:18:54Z |@rez Ah, I misread your original code. I edited my answer in line with @thelatemail’s correction.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76386840| 76386840|IRTFM                     |2023-06-02 03:31:46Z |Perhaps because apostrophes are not punctuation?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76386786| 76387136|joshbrows                 |2023-06-02 11:58:01Z |It does work, but it doesn't display anything in the tooltip.  If I change it to glue::glue('Bin Size = {after_stat({count})}'), it doesn't change the tooltip.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76386732| 76386732|Onyambu                   |2023-06-02 02:14:51Z |highlight and press contol/command enter                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76386620| 76386620|Onyambu                   |2023-06-02 01:48:20Z |could you fill in the values ## for site1?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76386620| 76386620|IRTFM                     |2023-06-02 01:48:30Z |Double octothorpes for data (or results)? You should say what the research question is and do the calculations by hand to get to the starting point for your desired result. You should also admit if this is  homework.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76386429| 76386429|K J                       |2023-06-02 00:17:05Z |<Message>Request has expired</Message>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76386429| 76386429|K J                       |2023-06-02 00:24:59Z |hmm some of those links wil redirect e.g. mdba.gov.au/publications/mdba-reports/… which then results in mdba.gov.au/sites/default/files/pubs/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76386409| 76386409|Baraliuh                  |2023-06-02 00:25:39Z |You have a missing comma and quote here paste0'). Possibly some missing code?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 00:12:12Z |I don't see anything obvious in the 1.1.2 or 1.1.1 release notes that applies here. cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dplyr/news/news.html.  One note, I think it would be better practice to use FALSE and TRUE instead of F and T, as those values can be overwritten, e.g. F <- TRUE will create chaos for your code.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 00:15:20Z |It's also unnecessary to have a test like TEST == T when you can just use TEST, assuming it's a logical value already.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 00:17:56Z |There is only one case, which makes me wonder why you are using case_when; presumably mutate(SY_Flag = SY_Dup2 & lag(SY_Dup2, default = FALSE) & Location == 'Sales' & lag(Location == 'Sales') & !SY_Del & !lag(SY_Del, default = TRUE)) would do the same thing?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 00:19:36Z |BTW, what is the mutate error? Unexpected result or do you get error text?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Hank                      |2023-06-02 00:27:09Z |@JonSpring the error is : "Error in mutate(): ℹ In argument: SY_Flag = case_when(...). ℹ In group 1: TagRFId = "942 000004690323". Caused by error in case_when(): ! Failed to evaluate the left-hand side of formula 1. Caused by error in vec_c(): ! Can't convert ..1 <logical> to <vctrs_unspecified>"  I bypassed it by Sy_Flag = FALSE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Hank                      |2023-06-02 00:31:38Z |@JonSpring Yes, I agree on practising TRUE and FLASE, Its just that I have been given a repo with lots of code and the plan is to do tweaks in time. I did change thm in this case and didn't make a difference. I am reluctant to accept its the package issue since the mutate function is being used in other parts of the code with no error. But as we are using the same repo  and code and all other variables are the same except the package and RStudio versions, it made me investigate the possibility.                                                                                           |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Jon Spring                |2023-06-02 01:37:13Z |I suspect the issue is that you have not specified what the value should be when the tests are not met. In the past, people would often end case_when() calls with a line like TRUE ~ NA_logical_) so any cases where tests aren't met outputs a logical-type NA. Now there's .default. You haven't specified what should happen then. I think the error might be related to the underlying vctrs package not knowing what type to output when TagRFId = "942 000004690323" -- perhaps that's a group where all the outputs fail the test, so the output is NA, but it doesn't know which type of NA to give. |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Hank                      |2023-06-02 04:00:26Z |@JonSpring hmm, so do u think the issue is with vctrs package? However, I find it puzzling that some team members can run the code without encountering any errors. The only difference seems to be that they have newer versions of R and the related packages. To test this theory, I attempted to unload the newer package and install an older version of plyr using different methods like renv and <Rtools>. Unfortunately, I haven't had any success due to the constraints imposed by our organisational policy, which prevents updating the Rtools path in the system environment.                   |
## |   76386402| 76386402|Hank                      |2023-06-02 04:07:18Z |Let us continue this discussion in chat.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76386356| 76386356|Ricardo Semião e Castro   |2023-06-01 23:53:47Z |Could you post a snippet of your data? Paste the output of the function dput(df)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76386347| 76386733|Feynman                   |2023-06-02 03:00:01Z |Is there a way I can assign the newly produced data table to a separate variable? I'm not sure if putting the assignment operator in front of "for" is gonna work.  Also, since I need to calculate log of base 2, it should be value = log(DT[j],2)+1, right? Also unsure why you have 2  brackets within log.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |   76386347| 76386733|zephryl                   |2023-06-02 03:04:18Z |I would just make a copy beforehand — see my edited answer.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76386347| 76386733|zephryl                   |2023-06-02 03:09:38Z |And yes, you’d use log(DT[j],2)+1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76386347| 76386733|Feynman                   |2023-06-02 03:49:46Z |So I had to do a separate process to change all the 0's to "NA"'s but other than that, the code worked perfectly. Thank you!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76386335| 76386335|thelatemail               |2023-06-01 23:40:18Z |unique from base or distinct from dplyr should do it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76386335| 76386335|neilfws                   |2023-06-01 23:40:29Z |I think you just want df %>% dplyr::distinct(names, class).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76386256| 76386256|Jon Spring                |2023-06-01 23:53:49Z |Pretty sure this isn't supported by officer, but I have seen other examples of people getting javascript running in powerpoint: stackoverflow.com/questions/67519747/…  reddit.com/r/d3js/comments/qb3dr9/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |   76386162| 76386162|thelatemail               |2023-06-01 23:26:15Z |If your overall aim is to just keep the first > 600 value in each row, then you could do: original_data[col(original_data) > max.col(original_data > 600, "first")] <- NA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76386109| 76386109|neilfws                   |2023-06-01 22:35:03Z |This question is better suited for Cross Validated. You'll get better answers if you include more details (data and complete code).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76386109| 76386109|DaveArmstrong             |2023-06-01 22:43:00Z |From the fixest package there is a function called feglm that will do what you want, you could do: feglm(watched_seconds ~ groupB + time  &#124; genre+  language + user, data=data, family="gaussian") - this assumes time isn't categorical, but continuous.  If it is categorical, you can stick it with the other categorical controls on the right-hand side of the  &#124;.                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |   76386104| 76386208|Mauro r                   |2023-06-02 08:43:12Z |That works great, thank you, @stefan! It is just an odd behaviour of the plot. Tagging @jbryer in case he might see this.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76386104| 76386208|stefan                    |2023-06-02 08:51:31Z |This is most likely a bug as the labels are for example placed in the "correct" order. Perhaps an issue resulting from a change in ggplot2 ...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76386018| 76386018|br00t                     |2023-06-01 22:11:48Z |The dot (".") symtax is meant to be used with maggritr pipes (%>%) not the R native pipe (&#124;>).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |   76386018| 76386018|br00t                     |2023-06-01 22:18:44Z |Please add the input data prices to your post by using dput() see: stackoverflow.com/questions/5963269/…                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76386018| 76386018|MNK2008-                  |2023-06-02 00:08:51Z |@broot I have edited to contain the first 15 rows using dput()                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76385903| 76385903|Ben Bolker                |2023-06-01 21:49:06Z |@TarJae, please don't answer in comments/post as an answer ...                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76385903| 76385903|r2evans                   |2023-06-01 22:04:45Z |datatable is ambiguous, can is often for the datatable plugin for jQuery, not at all related to R. You might be referring to data.table (confusing, I know), which is for the data.table package, but your use of sample_n suggests dplyr. The tag-recommendation system on Stack is certainly imperfect, please check them when you ask questions, easily done by mousing over and reading the ALT text. If you would accept answers in either data.table or dplyr syntax, then I suggest you tag both and be explicit. Thanks!                                                                              |
## |   76385903| 76385903|r2evans                   |2023-06-01 22:06:48Z |is axis='columns' a new option for dplyr::sample_n? I have not seen it before                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76385903| 76386069|Feynman                   |2023-06-01 22:22:31Z |This also only returns a set of integers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76385903| 76386069|Leroy Tyrone              |2023-06-01 22:28:26Z |@Feynman - updated, I forgot the with = FALSE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76385903| 76385945|Feynman                   |2023-06-01 21:53:21Z |This didn't return a data table, only a set of integers.  Also, is there a way I can have the selection process occur at a certain column number (since the first 2 columns need to be kept in)?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76385903| 76385945|TarJae                    |2023-06-01 21:54:47Z |Try this randomTable <- mtcars[, sample(ncol(mtcars), 3)] -> this will select 3 columns out of mtcars dataset!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |   76385903| 76385945|Feynman                   |2023-06-01 22:00:36Z |yes, this produced a data table but it doesn't fix the issue with the table I need to use                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |   76385903| 76385945|Feynman                   |2023-06-01 22:15:39Z |For the second part of the code, it returns the error "no applicable method for 'select' applied to an object of class "character""  What I wrote is: select('Name', 'Description', all_of(selected_columns)) (because the two columns I needed to keep are labeled "Name" and "Description"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76385903| 76385945|TarJae                    |2023-06-01 22:20:27Z |Remove the ticks: select(Name, Description, all_of(selected_columns))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76385903| 76385945|Feynman                   |2023-06-01 22:21:42Z |Now it gives the error: "Error in UseMethod("select") :    no applicable method for 'select' applied to an object of class "c('integer', 'numeric')""                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76385903| 76385945|TarJae                    |2023-06-01 22:25:31Z |Hmmh... Try dplyr::select(Name, Description, all_of(selected_columns))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |   76385903| 76385945|Feynman                   |2023-06-01 22:28:55Z |It still gives the same error                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76385903| 76385945|TarJae                    |2023-06-01 22:30:23Z |the please provide some sample data with dput(head(ogTable))                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |   76385712| 76385712|Rui Barradas              |2023-06-01 21:18:11Z |I cannot reproduce the error, with me the (1st and 2nd) boxes are not skinny.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |   76385712| 76385712|TarJae                    |2023-06-01 21:44:54Z |@RuiBarradas Transform date to datetime: library(lubridate)  df %>%    mutate(date = ymd_hms(date)) %>% then the boxplots get skinny.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |   76385712| 76385712|Jon Spring                |2023-06-01 22:11:33Z |boxplot width 1 will make the boxes 1 unit wide. With POSIXct in the x axis, 1 unit is 1 second, which is far too narrow for this data. Try width = 60*60*24*5 to make them 5 days wide, for instance. Tricky b/c I see some are closer than that so you'll have overlaps.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76385712| 76385712|hollyrose54               |2023-06-01 22:20:08Z |@JonSpring Oh, wow! I had no idea the width was in seconds for POSIXct. Thank you so much! I really appreciate it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |   76385712| 76385864|hollyrose54               |2023-06-01 21:50:48Z |thank you for answering! So, I tried this: sylvan$date3 <- as.character(sylvan$date)  library(dplyr) sylvan %>%    ggplot(aes(x = date3, y = Chloride_mgL, group = date3)) +    geom_boxplot(width = 2, outlier.shape = NA, color = "dark blue") +   theme_minimal() +   labs(y = "Chloride (mg/L)") and it made the boxes wider, but the x axis is really weird now - let me see if I can add a picture                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |   76385712| 76385864|TarJae                    |2023-06-01 21:52:52Z |Try to toggle position_dogde(xx) here   geom_boxplot(width = 2, outlier.shape = NA, color = "dark blue", position = position_dodge(0.5)) +                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
## |   76385712| 76385864|hollyrose54               |2023-06-01 22:06:24Z |That made the boxes perfect, thank you so much! One more question though, I wanted the x axis to look like it did in my original pictures (with labels like June, July, etc) but now that I have the x axis as characters, it's displaying every single tick with the entire date/time so it looks super messy and unreadable. Any advice there? (Realizing this might be basic, but I'm still really new to R!)                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |   76385712| 76385864|TarJae                    |2023-06-01 22:11:55Z |One way is to change the angle add:   theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1)) . You can use 45 also. Just try out. there are other ways setting breaks etc. or usning scale_x_date etc... but this should be a separate question.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |     255697|   255992|mercator                  |2008-11-01 20:42:03Z |I'm rather curious myself now. Is it the dirichlet() function in the VGAM package?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |     255697|   255992|Alex Coventry             |2008-11-01 22:22:36Z |Thanks, this was very helpful.  I think it's probably dirmul in the VGAM package.  finzi.psych.upenn.edu/R/library/VGAM/html/dirmul.old.html                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |     255697|   255992|mercator                  |2008-11-03 18:00:37Z |Thanks... Ooh, HTML documentation. I couldn't find that before.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |     127137|   127147|kaybenleroll              |2008-09-24 13:34:40Z |I have done that, just realised I should mention that. :)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |     127137|   127147|zvrba                     |2008-09-24 13:38:00Z |Then you might want to look into CRAN: an online collection of R modules, with source code: cran.r-project.org                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |     127137|   132781|Iterator                  |2012-02-16 03:41:20Z |It's interesting to look at older questions, and note how CRAN has grown since then.  :)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |     127137|   133237|Dirk Eddelbuettel         |2009-07-26 21:12:10Z |Re your point 3: this shows the 'parsed' R code which has all comments stripped. Good for a quick look, but the source packages may well be more informative.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |     127137|   133237|Gregg Lind                |2009-07-26 21:59:28Z |Of course they're more informative!  This method also fail for code that calls out to C programs.  But it's hard to beat for speed of access, and to snoop around to find out some arcane detail.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |     127137|   821947|George D Girton           |2014-08-17 20:34:26Z |The R GraphGallery link is dead                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |     127137|  1185572|fgm2r                     |2011-08-14 16:56:46Z |The home page seems to have moved: rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |     127137|   127176|Sampson                   |2009-07-23 18:21:18Z |What the heck...This blog is just a bunch of climate data. I thought I was going to actually benefit from this accepted-answer.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |     127137|   127176|Sampson                   |2009-07-23 19:09:45Z |@Boden, which makes it a pathetic 'answer.' Might as well link to Google from now on for every question.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |     127137|   127176|dbr                       |2009-07-26 07:32:01Z |I've added a few more-direct links to R related stuff, which wasn't immediately obvious to find..                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |     127137|   127176|nagul                     |2009-08-01 14:13:54Z |Probably because of this thread: meta.stackexchange.com/questions/8584/…. I don't think this answer deserves to be chosen, nor downvoted to this extent. The person who chose this answer deserves the downvotes more, imho.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |     127137|   127176|kaybenleroll              |2009-08-08 04:17:22Z |As the guy who accepted the answer, I can honestly say there was no gaming. It seemed to be the best answer I got at the time, but it was a while ago, so I don't really remember.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |     127137|   127176|agentofuser               |2009-12-12 14:24:54Z |The link to the scripts category redirects you to a single post ("Category Added" - climateaudit.org/2005/08/30/category-added). This link worked best for me: climateaudit.org/category/scripts                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |     102056|   102056|aku                       |2008-09-19 14:06:46Z |How is that programming question? Need some google-fu? go to johnny.ihackstuff.com                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |     102056|   102056|Saurabh Hooda             |2016-12-13 11:54:44Z |hackr.io/tutorials/learn-r is a great place to find the best R programming tutorials submitted and voted by the programming community.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |     102056|   215504|Peter Ellis               |2013-04-25 07:45:49Z |this wouldn't work these days - S-Plus is history now and I imagine most R users have never touched it.  And most current R packages were developed without reference to it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |     102056|  5746388|richiemorrisroe           |2012-05-21 10:23:09Z |please note that the + no longer works (because of Google plus) but enclosing the string in quotations marks still does.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
## |     102056|  1257045|unutbu                    |2010-02-15 14:29:44Z |To search for the "R" tag on Stackoverflow, type [R] in the search field.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |     102056|   102610|Gregg Lind                |2008-09-19 18:04:08Z |May vary?  Definitely varies, since there's a ton of material not on R's official site.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |      95007|  1463249|Gregg Lind                |2009-09-23 13:18:22Z |Thank you for actually answering my question :)  That was a serious amount of detective work.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |      95007|  1463249|AFoglia                   |2009-09-23 14:13:35Z |No problem.  I'm trying to write a quantile function for Python/Numpy for our group, which lead me to this question.  When I eventually found the answer, I figured I'd share.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |      95007|  1463249|Rob Hyndman               |2009-09-27 12:08:20Z |I wrote the quantile() function and the associated help file and submitted it to the R core team in August 2004 (replacing the previous versions). I've just checked and all of these errors were caused by my help file being changed after I submitted it. (I am responsible for the use of p and p[k] though.) I'd never noticed it as I assumed my file would be left untouched. I'll see if I can get the help file fixed for R 2.10.0.                                                                                                                                                                  |
## |      95007|  1463249|Rob Hyndman               |2009-10-05 09:28:07Z |@AFoglia. I've put a proposed new help file at robjhyndman.com/quantile.html. Comments before I submit to Rcore?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |      95007|  1463249|AFoglia                   |2009-10-05 15:01:19Z |The new one is much better.  I have a minor suggestion to add the definitions of gamma for methods one through three, although that might not be necessary for the statistical-knowledgable R audience.  Otherwise, it looks great.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
## |      95007|  1463249|Rob Hyndman               |2009-10-29 09:21:53Z |Just to complete this discussion, the new help file is now part of base Rv2.10.0.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |      95007|  1463249|Gregg Lind                |2012-04-03 14:46:04Z |Every time I look at help(quantile) in R, I am pleased with how this turned out!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |      95007| 58754784|Lampard                   |2019-11-12 04:29:58Z |The detail explain of quantile.default() source code is very useful, lovely thanks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |      79709|    79709|Jeff Atwood               |2008-09-17 03:52:45Z |I recommend editing this post to include some brief pseudocode so it's easier to see what you're trying to do                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |      79709|    79709|smci                      |2016-04-28 13:23:48Z |Yes please add pseudocode, it's impossible to know what you mean. When you say "process... and store the result", do you mean "store the exact same string", or vector (of ints, referencing words), or what? Are you storing it as a record in some huge dataframe/array/matrix? Give us some idea of number of rows, columns, file, chunk and vector sizes, and your working memory?                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |      77434|    77434|benefactual               |2008-09-16 21:44:25Z |I am by no means an R expert, but a quick google turned up this: <stat.ucl.ac.be/ISdidactique/Rhelp/library/pastecs/html/…> There appears to be a "last" function.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |      77434|    77434|krlmlr                    |2013-02-13 11:55:05Z |Related: stackoverflow.com/q/6136613/946850                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |      77434|    77434|EngrStudent               |2014-07-23 15:48:27Z |MATLAB has the notation "myvariable(end-k)" where k is an integer less than the length of the vector that will return the (length(myvariable)-k)th element.  That would be nice to have in R.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |      77434|    83222|kpierce8                  |2009-08-12 20:25:24Z |however x[length(x[,1]),] works on dataframes or x[dim(x)[1],]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |      77434|    83222|hadley                    |2009-08-13 13:33:56Z |Note that for data frames, length(x) == ncol(x) so that's definitely wrong, and dim(x)[1] can more descriptively be written nrow(x).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |      77434|    83222|jbaums                    |2015-04-28 00:38:50Z |@hadley - kpierce8's suggestion of x[length(x[,1]),] is not wrong (note the comma in the x subset), but it's certainly awkward.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |      77434|    83222|anonymous                 |2017-02-27 15:27:44Z |Please note that my benchmark below shows this to be slower than x[length(x)] by a factor of 30 on average for larger vectors!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |      77434|    83222|Andreas Storvik Strauman  |2018-03-19 17:47:09Z |Doesn't work if you want to add stuff from vectors though tail(vector, n=1)-tail(vector, n=2)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
## |      77434| 37238415|Kwame                     |2017-01-10 19:02:57Z |^ O(1) solutions should be the only acceptable answer in this question.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
## |      77434| 37238415|sam                       |2018-09-22 18:41:51Z |Thanks for timing all those anon +1!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |      77434| 37238415|Endle_Zhenbo              |2019-04-18 14:59:40Z |I tried mylastR=function(x) {x[length(x)} It's faster than mylast in Rcpp, but one time slower than writing x[length(x)] directly                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |      77434| 37238415|Ingo Pingo                |2022-01-25 09:02:28Z |Even with big vectors there is no meaningful difference. Transforming to seconds shows that for the longest vector the fastest method takes 0.000001133 seconds and the slowest method takes 0.102328667 seconds (both median). Well, nobody will notice that in real life. I would choose readabilty over benchmarks here.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
## |      77434|    83162|J. Mini                   |2020-06-04 00:07:50Z |Do note that if you want the last few elements of a vector rather than just the last element, there's no need to do anything complex when adapting this solution. R's vectorization allows you to do neet things like get the last four elements of x by doing x[length(x)-0:3].                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |      77434|   153852|anonymous                 |2017-02-27 15:28:29Z |Please note that my benchmark below shows this to be slower than x[length(x)] by a factor of 30 on average for larger vectors!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |      77434| 37687126|Rich Scriven              |2016-06-07 18:53:52Z |This basically boils down to x[[length(x)]] again.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |      77434| 37687126|Sam Firke                 |2016-06-07 18:58:54Z |Similar under the hood, but with this answer you don't have to write your own function last() and store that function somewhere, like several people have done above.  You get the improved readability of a function, with the portability of it coming from CRAN so that someone else can run the code.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
## |      77434| 37687126|Keith Hughitt             |2016-07-04 13:23:07Z |Can also write as mtcars$mpg %>% last, depending on your preference.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |      77434| 37687126|anonymous                 |2017-04-04 13:12:40Z |@RichScriven Unfortunately, it's considerably slower than x[[length(x)]], though!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
## |      77434| 23638765|mschilli                  |2014-07-07 16:05:40Z |Why not testing tail(strsplit(x,".",fixed=T)[[1]],1) for the 2nd case? To me the main advantage of the tail is that you can write it in one line. ;)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
## |      77434| 21706190|Felipe Gerard             |2016-10-13 15:57:58Z |This will be expensive though!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
## |      77434| 21706190|anonymous                 |2017-02-27 15:30:47Z |Please note that this is an operation whose computational cost is linear in the length of the input; in other words, while O(n), it is not O(1). See also my benchmark below for actual numbers.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |      77434| 21706190|James                     |2017-02-27 19:07:06Z |@anonymous Unless you use an iterator                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
## |      77434| 21706190|anonymous                 |2017-03-01 16:28:17Z |@James Right. But in that case, your code also wouldn't work, would it? If by iterator you mean what's provided by the iterators package, then (1) you cannot use [1] to access the first element and (2) while you can apply rev to an iterator, it does not behave as expected: it just treats the iterator object as a list of its members and reverses that.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
## |      77434| 37686960|Rich Scriven              |2016-06-07 18:53:37Z |This basically boils down to x[[length(x)]] again.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
## |      77434| 32510333|Gregor Thomas             |2015-11-19 19:57:41Z |I appreciate that NROW does what you would expect on a lot of different data types, but it's essentially the same as a[length(a)] that OP is hoping to avoid.  Using OP's example of a nested vector, dat$vec1$vec2[NROW(dat$vec1$vec2)] is still pretty messy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
## |      77434| 32510333|Franck Dernoncourt        |2017-07-17 16:34:18Z |may be written as nrow                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
## |      77434| 32510333|PatrickT                  |2018-12-16 19:43:42Z |Note: Unlike nrow,  NROW treats a vector as 1-column matrix.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
write.csv(final_dataframes[[1]], 'E:\\College\\UC Davis\\STA141B\\HW4\\questions.csv')
write.csv(final_dataframes[[2]], 'E:\\College\\UC Davis\\STA141B\\HW4\\answers.csv')
write.csv(final_dataframes[[3]], 'E:\\College\\UC Davis\\STA141B\\HW4\\comments.csv')

[1] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32019566/r-xml-parse-for-a-web-address

[2] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1604471/how-can-i-find-an-element-by-css-class-with-xpath

[3] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18547410/xpath-with-multiple-contains-on-different-elements

[4] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11455590/parse-an-xml-file-and-return-an-r-character-vector

[5] https://statisticsglobe.com/concatenate-vector-of-character-strings-in-r

[6] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34570860/add-nas-to-make-all-list-elements-equal-length [

7] https://www.r-bloggers.com/2020/10/basic-error-handing-in-r-with-trycatch/